Test Bank Ogden - ch15 Phycological Disorders - Testbank 4ce - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 15
PHYCOLOGICAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
- The study of psychological disorders is usually called abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychological functioning is a wide-ranging problem in this country.
- Definitions of psychological disorders often include the “four Ds”—deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (current version DSM-5) is the leading classification system in North America.
2. Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
- Clinicians use several major models to explain abnormal functioning, including the neuroscience, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioural, humanistic-existential, socio-cultural, and developmental psychopathology models.
- The neuroscience model views abnormal functioning as a result of malfunctions in brain structure or chemical activity. Malfunctions can be caused by injuries or other factors, including genetics or viruses.
- Psychodynamic theorists view abnormal functioning as the result of unconscious conflicts that may have originated in our early development. Freud focused on fixations during the oral, anal, and phallic stages of development, while other theorists have focused on difficulties in ego development or our relationships with others.
- Behavioural theorists propose that abnormal behaviours develop via the same processes as more adaptive behaviours: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modelling. Cognitive theorists believe that abnormal functioning can result from disordered thoughts, including basic irrational assumptions, specific upsetting thoughts, and illogical thinking processes.
- Humanists suggest that people are vulnerable to psychological disorders when they develop inaccurate views of their worth or goals in life. Existentialist therapies focus on helping clients discover their personal freedom of choice and take responsibility for making choices.
- According the socio-cultural model, abnormal behaviour is best understood in light of the social, cultural, and family forces brought to bear on an individual. Important factors include social change, socio-economic class membership, cultural background, social networks, and family systems.
- Developmental psychopathology theorists are interested in how psychological disorders evolve, based on both genetics and early childhood experiences, and on how those early patterns affect people’s functioning as they move through later life stages.
3. Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
- The key features in mood disorders are depression—a low, sad state—and mania—a state of breathless euphoria. Most people with a mood disorder suffer only from depression.
- People with major depressive disorder suffer a variety of symptoms, including feelings of sadness and lack of interest, low levels of activity and productivity, negative views of themselves and their lives, and physical ailments.
- Today’s leading explanations for major depressive disorder point to neuroscientific, psychological, or socio-cultural factors. Many theorists believe that the various explanations should be combined.
- People with bipolar disorder experience not only the lows of depression, but also the highs of mania. In the manic state, they want constant excitement. They tend to show poor judgment and planning, hold inflated opinions of themselves, and show a great deal of energy.
- Although genes and biological factors appear to play key roles in the development of bipolar disorder, there is growing evidence that stress and certain kinds of environmental events also must occur in order for episodes to unfold.
4. Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
- As a group, anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in North America. Often, people with one type of anxiety disorder have another type as well.
- People with generalized anxiety disorder experience persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. Some cognitive theorists suggest that this disorder arises in people who hold certain dysfunctional or irrational assumptions, while others focus on the individual’s intolerance of uncertainty. An important neuroscience explanation focuses on gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter involved in fear reactions.
- People with social anxiety disorder display severe, persistent, and irrational fears of social or performance situations. Some socio-cultural factors appear to be involved.
- People with phobias have a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation. Behavioural principles, including classical conditioning and modelling, provide the leading explanations for specific phobias.
- People with panic disorder have recurrent attacks of terror. These panic attacks are sometimes accompanied by agoraphobia—a fear of venturing into public places. A neuroscience-cognitive explanation of the disorder focuses on physical sensations produced by malfunctioning brain circuitry, which are then misinterpreted.
- People with obsessive-compulsive disorder feel overrun by recurrent thoughts that cause anxiety (obsessions) and by the need to perform repetitive actions to reduce this anxiety (compulsions). While cognitive-behavioural theorists focus on the role of learning in these behaviours, neuroscientists focus on abnormally low levels of serotonin or abnormal functioning in specific brain regions.
- People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are tormented by fear and related symptoms well after a horrifying event has ended. Although extraordinary trauma causes the disorder, not everyone who experiences such trauma develops PTSD. Differences in biological processes, personalities, childhood experiences, social support systems, and cultural backgrounds make people more or less likely to respond to trauma by developing the disorder.
5. Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
- Schizophrenia is a disorder in which people deteriorate into a world of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities. These people experience psychosis, a loss of contact with reality.
- Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are “pathological excesses” in behaviour. They include delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, hallucinations, and inappropriate affect.
- Negative symptoms, or “pathological deficits,” include poverty of speech, flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal.
- People with schizophrenia also sometimes experience unusual psychomotor symptoms, which in their most extreme form are collectively called catatonia.
- Many theorists believe that people inherit a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. Two kinds of brain abnormalities might be inherited—biochemical abnormalities and abnormal brain structure.
- Although neuroscience explanations of schizophrenia have received by far the most research support, psychological and socio-cultural factors may help to bring about schizophrenia in people with a biological predisposition to develop it.
6. Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
- Somatic symptom and related disorders include five diagnoses: somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, and factitious disorder.
- Somatic symptom and related disorders are thought to result from classical conditioning, modelling, or misinterpretation of bodily cues, similar to anxiety disorders. Cognitive theorists suggest that people with one of these types of disorders are extremely sensitive to bodily cues and come to misinterpret them.
- Changes in memory that lack a physical cause are called dissociative disorders. DSM-5 includes three major dissociative disorders: dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/derealization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. In dissociative amnesia, people are unable to recall important information about their lives. In depersonalization/derealization disorder, stress alters perceptions, detaching the self from the body. In dissociative fugue, people not only forget their identities and their past lives, but also flee to a different location. In dissociative identity disorder, people develop two or more distinct personalities.
- Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by repression, the most basic ego defence mechanism, but this view has not received strong research support.
- People with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard and violate others’ rights. Because of their potentially negative behaviour, such as lying, impulsiveness, and recklessness, they are frequently found in prison. According to behavioural theorists, this disorder can be learned through various means. Neuroscience explanations focus on brain factors, such as low serotonin levels, deficient frontal lobe functioning, and low arousal in response to warnings.
- People with borderline personality disorder display great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity. This disorder is not well understood, but a recent biosocial theory proposes that it results from a combination of internal and external forces.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. _____ psychology is defined as the scientific study of psychological disorders.
a) Deviance
b) Clinical
c) Abnormal
d) Dysfunctional
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
2. All the following statements EXCEPT one reflect early beliefs and behaviours regarding atypical behaviour. Which one is incorrect?
a) Such behaviour was viewed as a sign of demonic possession.
b) The mentally ill received effective treatment if families could afford their care.
c) Afflicted individuals were believed to be of immoral or depraved character.
d) The mentally ill were either hidden away or sent away and kept in isolation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
3. Peter is seriously mentally ill and living in a hospital in London in the mid 1700’s. What is his treatment likely to be?
a) pills
b) shock therapy
c) restraints
d) leeching
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
4. In the early 19th century, the symptoms of a condition known as general paresis included dementia, delusions, hallucinations, and inappropriate moods. This disorder was attributed to a depraved and immoral character but was later discovered to be associated with the advanced stages of syphilis infection. This led to _____.
a) a focus on the psychological and socio-cultural roles in mental illness
b) a belief that evil spirits needed to be cast out
c) an understanding that “madness” could be attributed to underlying physical illness
d) the development of psychoanalytic thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
5. The medical model approach to understanding and treating mental illness argues that
a) abnormal behaviors have a physical cause.
b) abnormal behaviors should be treated by medical doctors.
c) it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease by seeking symptoms and then making predictions.
d) abnormal behaviors are caused by infectious agents.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for defining abnormal behaviour?
a) dysfunction
b) distress
c) diagnosis
d) deviance
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
7. Priscilla’s friends are growing increasingly concerned about her since the loss of her husband. Her sadness seems to be taking over her life. She lives in her pajamas, there is garbage throughout her house, her days and nights are all mixed up, and she no longer bathes. What key feature(s) of a psychological abnormality is Priscilla showing with her behaviour?
a) distress
b) deviance
c) dysfunction
d) a and c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
8. Hudson always uses an umbrella, even when it is not raining. He just feels better if he has his umbrella over his head any time he is outside. What key feature of a psychological abnormality is Hudson displaying?
a) distress
b) deviance
c) danger
d) dysfunction
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
9. According to the textbook’s complete definition of abnormal behaviour, which of the following statistically infrequent behaviours would qualify as most abnormal?
a) believing that your mailman is spying on you
b) getting 20 different piercings
c) basing your behaviour for daily decisions – such as shopping - on the advice in your horoscope
d) all these options
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
10. During the Middle Ages, individuals with mental illness were burned, beat, given poisons to drink, or in many cases killed. This is because it was believed that
a) mentally ill individuals needed to be punished.
b) these sadomasochistic treatments would scare the individual into behaving in a moral way.
c) exorcising demons causing the mental illness would relieve the person of the mental illness.
d) these medical interventions would cure the person of his or her symptoms.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
11. Cultural differences need to be considered for which of the criterion below in particular when diagnosing psychological disorders?
a) statistical infrequency
b) dysfunctions
c) distress
d) deviance
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
12. Marissa suffers from panic disorder, where she experiences unpredictable, unbearable episodes of panic that cause her to feel she is having a heart attack. Which criterion for defining abnormality does this description of her disorder represent?
a) distress
b) dysfunction
c) danger
d) deviance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
13. Based on the distress approach to defining abnormal behavior, which of the following would qualify as abnormal?
a) A man is so upset by the fact that his partner ended their relationship that he is considering suicide.
b) A father uses alcohol to relax at the end of the day.
c) A West African woman is experiencing “brain fog.”
d) A woman runs over a pedestrian and experiences remorse for over a month.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
14. Erma has had six jobs in the past year. She has been fired from every job because she often comes in late or not at all. She does not really worry about losing her job as she believes there are plenty of jobs available. Which of the following feature of abnormal behaviour is Erma exhibiting?
a) deviance
b) dysfunction
c) distress
d) danger
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
15. The system used by North American psychologists to classify psychological disorders is the
a) APA Clinical Handbook.
b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
c) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
d) Encyclopedia of Psychological Disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
16. Consistent with the medical model, the primary use of DSM-5 is
a) treatment.
b) prognosis.
c) etiology.
d) diagnosis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
17. The World Health Organization publishes which classification system below?
a) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
b) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
c) Encyclopedia of Psychological Disorders.
d) International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
18. The classification system produced by the American Psychiatric Association and used to describe abnormal behaviors is called the DSM, fifth edition. DSM is an abbreviation for _____.
a) Diagnosis and Symptoms Manual
b) Diseases and Symptoms of Mental Disorders
c) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
d) Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management Manual
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom's: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
19. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using the DSM-5 as a classification system for psychological disorders?
a) Someone with a diagnosis may be stigmatized for having a mental illness.
b) It uses only medical explanations for mental disorders.
c) It uses vague constructs and poorly defined concepts.
d) The psychiatric drug companies had a significant role in development of the DSM-5 classification system.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
20. Dr. Jacques is looking for patterns in the symptoms reported by his patient with the goal of identifying a syndrome that is recognized and about which one can make predictions. Dr. Jacques is trying to create a ____________ of his patient’s condition.
a) prognosis
b) cause
c) diagnosis
d) history
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
21. Neurocognitive disorders are to neurodevelopmental disorders as _____ is to _____.
a) decrease in current state of functioning; ongoing state of functioning
b) intellectual impairment; injury or disease
c) inherited; environmental
d) treatment; management
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
22. Somatoform disorders are a class of psychological disorders characterized by
a) pervasive, disturbed mood.
b) delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior.
c) excessive concerns about physical health.
d) feelings of excessive apprehension and worry.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
23. Which of the following is NOT an example of a neurocognitive disorder?
a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Huntington’s disease
c) Autism Spectrum Disorder
d) Parkinson’s disease
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
24. _____ are characterized by a loss of contact with reality whereas _____ are characterized by disruption or continuity in the typical integration of consciousness and identity.
a) psychotic disorders; dissociative disorders
b) somatoform disorders; psychotic disorders
c) anxiety disorders; dissociative disorders
d) personality disorders; neurodevelopmental disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
25. What term is used to describe an individual who has been diagnosed with two or more psychological disorders?
a) comorbidity
b) coaxial illnesses
c) delusional
d) fixated
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
26. Keisha has been diagnosed with both depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Which of the following describes a diagnosis of two or more psychological disorders?
a) dual diagnosis
b) co-psychological disorders
c) comorbidity
d) multiple disorder syndrome
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
27. If a person qualifies for two or more diagnoses, this is called
a) correlation.
b) comorbidity.
c) multiple personality disorder.
d) multiphasic dysfunction.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
28. Nolan has been told that the disorder he has been diagnosed with is comorbid with another disorder. What does this mean?
a) Nolan diagnosed disorder is a secondary complication of some other primary disorder.
b) Nolan’s disorder has potential consequences for morbidity and mortality in its relationship to physical illness.
c) Nolan qualifies for diagnoses of two or more disorders that are co-occurring.
d) Nolan has a long-term psychological disability that will result in at least two hospitalizations.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
29. In searching for the cause of Harriett’s abnormal behaviour, her doctor conducts an MRI of Harriett’s brain, and a series of blood tests. Which approach to abnormal behaviour is Harriett’s doctor MOST likely using?
a) Cognitive-behavioural
b) Developmental psychopathology
c) Neuroscience
d) Medical
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
30. The model that views abnormal behaviour as an illness brought about by a malfunctioning brain is the ______________model.
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) developmental psychopathology
c) medical
d) neuroscience
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
31. Which of the following is NOT a neurochemical that plays a role in depression?
a) serotonin
b) cortisol
c) norepinephrine
d) GABA
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
32. Ximera has just suffered her first schizophrenic episode. According to the neuroscience model, which of the following is least likely to have caused her disorder?
a) elevated levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain
b) her aunt also has a diagnosis of schizophrenia
c) she was exposed to a virus as a small child that has only now been activated
d) environmental stressors that are the primary cause of this and other disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
33. If you claimed to be a reductionist neuroscientist which of the following explanations for schizophrenia would you be least likely to support?
a) Schizophrenia is caused by a dysregulation or imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
b) Schizophrenia is caused by prenatal or perinatal exposure to a virus.
c) Schizophrenia is caused by an interaction between biological and environmental factors.
d) Schizophrenia is caused by abnormalities in brain structure.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
34. The ______________ model recognizes the interactions between the biological, social, psychological, and cultural variables present in the lives of people and their effect on human development.
a) diathesis-stress
b) biopsychosocial
c) neuroscience
d) psychobiological
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
35. The model that suggests that a person may inherit a genetic predisposition for a disorder, but that it will remain undeveloped unless triggered by an external life event is called the ______________ model.
a) diathesis-stress
b) biopsychosocial
c) psychosocial
d) biopsychological
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
36. Awa has taken her young daughter to see a psychologist because she cries at night rather than going to sleep. When she cries, Awa cannot help but go in to comfort her daughter. The psychologist tells Awa that her daughter will continue to cry at night if she is rewarded with her mother’s attention for this behaviour. The psychologist is probably following a _______________ model.
a) cognitive
b) psychodynamic
c) behavioural
d) sociocultural
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
37. According to the ________ perspective, abnormal behaviours are acquired by the same principles of learning as adaptive behaviours.
a) socio-cultural
b) psychodynamic
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) behavioural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
38. “Psychological disorders result largely from a combination of problematic learned behaviours and dysfunctional processes in thinking.” Which of the following models would espouse this?
a) Cognitive- behavioural theorists
b) Humanistic theorists
c) Psychodynamic theorists
d) Neuroscientists
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
39. According to cognitive-behavioural model, what two factors are at the root of psychological disorders?
a) emotions and early childhood experiences
b) early childhood experiences and learned behaviours
c) dysfunctional thought processes and learned behaviours
d) dysfunctional thought processes and abnormal neurochemical activity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
40. The suggestion that abnormal patterns of functioning result from maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes arises from the _____________ perspective.
a) behavioural
b) psychodynamic
c) cognitive
d) socio-cultural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
41. Dorsey’s therapist believes that he is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder because he has maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking patterns. What perspective is Dorsey’s therapist using?
a) cognitive
b) neuroscience
c) psychodynamic
d) humanistic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
42. Which of the following models of abnormal behaviour would view abnormal functioning as being caused by a combination of early risk factors and poor resilience throughout life?
a) developmental psychopathology approach
b) neuroscience approach
c) humanistic and existential approaches
d) socio-cultural approaches
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
43. When Arran’s father is high on methamphetamines, he gets very agitated and batters Arran’s mother. When he is not high, he is extremely depressed and barely speaks to his family. If a psychologist were interested in the influence that these factors might have on Arran’s outcomes later in life, they would probably subscribe to the ______________ model.
a) cognitive developmental
b) developmental neuroscience
c) developmental psychopathology
d) socio-cultural
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
44. Marcella has just received her first performance evaluation from her boss. With the exception that he suggested she sometimes seems a bit disorganized, her evaluation was extremely positive in that her boss wrote extensively about Marcella’s commitment to her job and the high quality of her work. After reading the evaluation, Marcella became very concerned that she would be fired for being disorganized. According to Beck, Marcella is engaging in the illogical thinking process called ________________.
a) magnification
b) overgeneralization
c) selective perception
d) fixation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
45. Marie just had a party where ten guests showed up, but two did not. Marie spends the next day wondering why two of her friends let her down. This is an example of what Beck would call
a) selective perception.
b) magnification.
c) overgeneralization.
d) personalization.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
46. In a statistics class, an “A” student in the class incorrectly adds a column of numbers on the board and then says, “I am so stupid; I shouldn’t be in this class.” The student is displaying which of Beck's cognitive errors?
a) selective perception
b) magnification
c) overgeneralization
d) depersonalization
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
47. Johnson feels depressed. His friends called to reschedule the end of the term celebration because two of them were ill. Johnson himself had a bad cold. Nevertheless, he told himself, “No one likes me. It is because I am boring and have no sense of humour.” Beck would say that Johnson is primarily showing which of the following illogical thinking processes?
a) selective perception
b) magnification
c) overgeneralization
d) dysfunctional attitudes
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
48. Renee was asked to give a speech at her sister’s wedding. Her speech went well with the exception that she stumbled over a couple of words. Afterward, Renee was very upset because she believed her speech blunder had ruined her sister’s wedding. According to Beck, Renee is engaging in the illogical thought process known as ____________________.
a) overgeneralization
b) magnification
c) depersonalization
d) selective perception
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
49. Luc failed a 10-point pop quiz in his chemistry class. Although there are 500 points possible in the course, he says, “I’m NOT going to pass this course because of this.” This is an example of what Beck would call
a) selective perception.
b) magnification.
c) overgeneralization.
d) personalization.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
50. According to the psychodynamic model, abnormal behaviour is determined by
a) illogical thought processes.
b) learned behaviours.
c) rewards and punishments.
d) conflicts between underlying unconscious forces.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
51. ______________ theorists believe that people are motivated primarily by a need to establish relationships with others.
a) Socio-cultural
b) Object relations
c) Behaviourists
d) Cognitive-behavioural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
52. Teagan is seeing a _____ therapist. He told her that her dissociative symptoms are a result of her abusive childhood and her attempts to repress these events.
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) neuroscientific
c) object relations
d) sociocultural
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
53. Jenna is seeing a therapist for treatment of her depression. Her therapist tells her that he thinks Jenna’s problems have arisen due to an unsatisfactory relationship with her mother, who abandoned the family when Jenna was six years old. Jenna’s therapist is most likely a(n) ___ theorist.
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) humanist
c) object relations
d) socio-cultural
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
54. Last year, two large factories opened in a town and hired local people. Having had a high unemployment rate for the past ten years, these factories have given the town a much-needed economic boost and started a period of rapid urbanization. Property values have increased, other new businesses are opening, and people are moving to the town which means new houses are being built. Given the rapid changes that the town seems to be experiencing, what can you predict for the people of the town?
a) There will be a decrease in mental disorders.
b) There will be an increase in crime.
c) There will be a decrease in crime.
d) There will be an increase in mental disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
55. According to socio-cultural theory, which of the following persons is most at risk of developing depression after experiencing a stressful event?
a) Mark, who is divorced but has a close relationship with his family and friends.
b) Jerome, whose wife passed away two years ago.
c) Juanita, who recently moved to a remote town where her family and best friends live.
d) Courtney, who is a stay-at-home mother to her three young children and lives in a remote area.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
56. The socio-cultural approach to abnormal behavior focuses on
a) problems that reflect cultural, social, and family forces.
b) faulty thinking.
c) problems with brain function, genetic predisposition, or biochemistry.
d) unconscious, unresolved conflict.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
57. Vehaan suffers from depression. What would the socio-cultural model say about the cause of Vihaan’s depression?
a) It is caused by a chemical imbalance in Ray’s brain.
b) It is caused by Ray’s need to behave unnaturally in order to maintain harmony in the family.
c) It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
d) It is caused by unconscious forces that created an imbalance of power among Ray’s id, ego, and superego.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
58. _____ refers to the idea that different children can start from different points and wind up with the same outcome.
a) Continuity
b) Discontinuity
c) Equifinality
d) Multifinality
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
59. According to the concept of ___, children can start from the same point but, over time, eventually function in very different ways.
a) multifinality
b) equifinality
c) selective perception
d) overgeneralization
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
60. The tabloids have just reported that the sister of a very healthy, successful, and famous singer was arrested for prostitution. She has four prior arrests for drug possession and prostitution. This example best demonstrates the concept of
a) equifinality.
b) multifinality.
c) socio-finality.
d) comorbidity.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
61. The ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances is called ___.
a) magnification
b) comorbidity
c) overgeneralization
d) resilience
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
62. People who display relatively mild symptoms of chronic depression are most likely to be given a diagnosis of
a) cyclothymia.
b) minor depressive disorder.
c) dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder).
d) mild depression.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
63. A major depressive disorder is best characterized by _____.
a) frequent melancholia or blues
b) a long-lasting depressed mood that is significantly disabling and is characterized by anhedonia, hopelessness, and overwhelming sadness
c) grief or any other depression of mood
d) recurring or persistent episodes of depressed mood, with psychotic or suicidal thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
64. Approximately ___ of people with major depressive disorder recover within a year.
a) 25%
b) 40%
c) 75%
d) 90%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
65. Suicide rates among Indigenous people in Canada are more than ____times the sex-specific rates and ____ times the age-specific rates of non-Indigenous people.
a) 2; 3
b) 2; 4
c) 3; 3
d) 3; 4
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
66. Georgia has recently been prescribed a medication to increase the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine in her brain. Georgia was most likely previously diagnosed with _____________.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) major depressive disorder
d) panic disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
67. Which of the following is NOT true about people who are diagnosed with depression?
a) They recall unpleasant experiences more readily than positive experiences.
b) They display dysfunctional attitudes and illogical thinking more than nondepressed people.
c) They have fewer automatic thoughts than non-depressed people.
d) They attribute their perceived lack of control to internal, stable, global causes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
68. If one twin has a mood disorder, the chance of the other twin also developing the disorder _____.
a) is much higher when the twins are fraternal than when they are identical
b) is much higher when the twins are identical than when they are fraternal
c) is especially high in identical twins who are of the opposite sex, compared to identical twins who are of the same sex
d) is especially high in identical twins who are of the same sex, compared to identical twins who are of the opposite sex
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
69. Which of the following would a neuroscientist NOT agree might explain major depressive disorder?
a) low activity of the pituitary gland
b) genetic influences
c) low levels of activity of norepinephrine and serotonin
d) high levels of cortisol
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
70. Celine has been having difficulty sleeping, CANNOT seem to concentrate at work, is sad most of the time, and seems to have lost interest in things that she always used to enjoy. Which disorder is Celine likely suffering from?
a) cyclothymic disorder
b) major depressive disorder
c) bipolar disorder
d) borderline personality disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
71. In the past two weeks, Jeffrey has been awarded a scholarship for university, and been promoted at his job. Unfortunately, Jeffrey also had a minor car accident. Jeffrey has just run into a friend he has not seen in a while and, when asked what is new in his life, Jeffrey tells the friend about the accident. If Jeffrey has a disorder, he is most likely to be diagnosed with
a) generalized anxiety disorder.
b) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c) major depressive disorder.
d) bipolar disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
72. Following the loss of his job, Busayo spends his days in bed as he feels tired despite getting enough sleep. He is too tired to get the mail, comb his hair, or even watch TV, and often forgets to eat. Busayo is MOST likely suffering from
a) depression.
b) mania.
c) bipolar disorder.
d) chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
73. A less severe but chronic form of bipolar disorder is ___________.
a) generalized depressive disorder
b) dysthymia
c) cyclothymia
d) generalized manic disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
74. Persistent depressive disorder is to ____________ as cyclothymia is to _____________.
a) depression; depression
b) depression; bipolar
c) bipolar; depression
d) bipolar; bipolar
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
75. For the last week Todd has been in an elevated mood, speaking erratically, driving recklessly, and spending his savings. He has had unprotected sex with several strangers and is looking to buy drugs. He says that a normal man would not be able to do these things but that he has a unique biochemistry that will prevent drug addiction or sexually transmitted diseases. Todd could be diagnosed with _____.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) dysthymic disorder
c) bipolar disorder
d) cyclothymic disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
76. Which of the following statements is true of bipolar disorder?
a) men are about twice as likely as women to develop bipolar disorder
b) people with dysthymic disorder often experience mild forms of mania
c) Most people with bipolar disorder will commit suicide before they turn 30
d) About 15 to 20 percent of patients who have manic episodes also develop psychotic delusions and hallucinations
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
77. For the past month, Carlyle’s co-workers have noticed that he has been extremely sad and withdrawn. This morning he came into the office talking excitedly about having purchased a brand new sports car because he is sure he is going to win this week’s lottery. Which of the following disorders best describes Carlyle’s symptoms?
a) major depressive disorder
b) dysthymia
c) obsessive compulsive disorder
d) bipolar disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
78. In an experiment conducted by Seligman, dogs given inescapable shocks learned they had no control over the unpleasant punishment of the shocks. Later, when they were placed in a new situation where they could escape the shocks, the dogs _____. This finding was key in the development of _____ theory.
a) would quickly escape the situation; attribution-helplessness theory
b) would not attempt to escape the situation; attribution-helplessness theory
c) would quickly escape the situation; learned helplessness theory
d) would not attempt to escape the situation; learned helplessness theory
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
79. Seligman found that when faced with a painful situation from which there is no escape, animals and people enter a state of helplessness and resignation. He called this _____.
a) autonomic resignation
b) helpless resignation
c) resigned helplessness
d) learned helplessness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom's: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
80. The attributional-helplessness theory of depression suggests that depression is more likely when someone attributes his or her failure to an _____ cause.
a) internal, stable, and global
b) external, unstable, and specific
c) internal, unstable, and global
d) external, stable, and specific
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
81. Cho’s first online date stood her up. Her friend told her it happens all the time and that Cho needs to try again; the next person will be better. But Cho responded by saying, “What’s the point? No one will ever want to go out with me. No matter what I do it will make no difference.” Cho is showing signs of
a) somatization
b) dysfunctional attitude
c) learned helplessness
d) learned attribution
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
82. Which scenario BEST illustrates the learned helplessness theory?
a) In elementary school Grayson struggled to learn to read, and after a track record of failure, he stopped feeling engaged in academic work, after which point his grades in all areas began to suffer.
b) Huifen does not remember when she began to feel terrified by spiders, but she tries desperately to avoid them and relies on other family members to catch or kill them if they appear in the house or yard.
c) Every time Naeem has a difficult conversation with a friend or coworker, he replays the conversation again and again in his mind and becomes anxious and convinced that other people think he is rude or incompetent.
d) Zara's family demonstrated fragmented and dysfunctional communication throughout her childhood, and in her early 20s she was hospitalized with schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
83. According to Beck, which of the following does NOT play a key role in depression?
a) dysfunctional attitudes
b) errors in thinking
c) attribution-helplessness
d) automatic thoughts
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
84. According to Beck, an individual’s negative interpretation of their experiences, themselves, and their future comprise the
a) attribution helplessness theory.
b) learned helplessness theory.
c) negative attribution triad.
d) cognitive triad.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
85. According to Beck, specific, upsetting thoughts that flash into the mind without conscious thought are ________________.
a) obsessions
b) compulsions
c) automatic thoughts
d) ruminative thoughts
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
86. I'm stupid" is a(n) _____ attribution, "I'll always be stupid" is a(n) _____ attribution, and "I'll never pass any of my classes" is a(n) _____ attribution.
a) inferior; external; expansive
b) external; unstable; specific
c) internal; stable; global
d) external; stable; specific
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
87. According to socio-cultural theory, which of the following persons would be least likely to develop depression?
a) Tahlia who stays at home to care for her four children in rural Saskatoon
b) Nikola who has just separated from his partner in Sudbury
c) Brenda who has just started a travel club with three close friends in Vancouver
d) Calen, who is moving jobs to try to figure out something he enjoys in Yellowknife
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
88. Which of the following statements concerning anxiety disorders is true?
a) They are the least frequently occurring mental disorders in the general population.
b) They are diagnosed twice as often in men as in women.
c) Most people with one anxiety disorder suffer from a second one.
d) In any given year, about 30% of the adult population suffers from an anxiety disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
89. The anxiety disorder characterized by excessive anxiety and worry under most circumstances is
a) phobia.
b) panic disorder.
c) social anxiety.
d) generalized anxiety.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
90. Dysfunctional assumptions and irrational assumptions are two cognitive explanations that have been suggested for
a) depression.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) social anxiety disorder.
d) bipolar disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
91. Lesedi has not been able to control her worries for the last six months and complains of insomnia and headaches. It is likely that Lesedi has ______________________.
a) panic attacks
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder
d) mania
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
92. According to Ellis, people who have generalized anxiety disorder
a) hold dysfunctional assumptions.
b) hold irrational assumptions.
c) exhibit an intolerance to uncertainty.
d) have a cluster of social beliefs and expectations that work against them.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
93. Oliver has recently had a new first-class alarm system installed in his house. Despite this, he still cannot stop thinking about the possibility that someone might break into his house and attack him. He cannot sleep as he thinks about the horrible injuries he would likely suffer and how the police would tell his family that he was seriously hurt or even killed. Oliver is exhibiting _________________ which is suggested by ___________________ as characteristic of GAD.
a) dysfunctional assumptions; Beck
b) irrational assumptions; Ellis
c) irrational thinking; object relations theory
d) intolerance to uncertainty; the new wave cognitive explanations
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
94. “A situation is unsafe until proven to be safe” and “It is always best to assume the worst”. These statements would be considered by Beck to be _____________ that are prevalent in _____________.
a) irrational assumptions; obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) dysfunctional assumptions; obsessive-compulsive disorder
c) irrational assumptions; generalized anxiety disorder
d) dysfunctional assumptions; generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
95. Quinn has been accepted at the university in her hometown. She is happy about this because most of her friends are staying in town and she will be able to go to school with them and to live at home, which will save her money. She has also applied to go to a university on the opposite side of the country. This university is more well-known and has a better program, but Quinn does not know anyone there and would have to live in residence, which would require student loans. Even though she does not yet know if she has even been accepted, and even though she could turn it down if she was accepted, Quinn cannot stop thinking about what will happen if she must go away to university. She cannot sleep and she worries endlessly about losing her friends and going into debt. According to new wave cognitive explanations of GAD, Quinn is demonstrating ___.
a) an intolerance of uncertainty
b) dysfunctional assumptions
c) illogical thinking
d) negative confirmation bias
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
96. A recent biological explanation of GAD is that it is caused by a malfunction of the ____________ feedback system.
a) dopamine
b) norepinephrine
c) epinephrine
d) GABA
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
97. Which of the following brain structures have been implicated in a circuit that, if it malfunctions, produces GAD?
a) prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus
b) amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex
c) amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex
d) amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
98. Leo seldom answers his phone because he is afraid that his voice will crack, or he will not know what to say to the person on the other end of the phone. Therefore, he lets the call go to voice mail and waits to see if it is someone who will not judge him. Leo most likely suffers from _____.
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) agoraphobia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
99. Sadie believes that others view her as being unattractive. As well, she avoids situations where there will be people she does not know because she is certain that she will behave incompetently. She knows that since she does not have perfect social skills, nobody will like her. Sadie most likely suffers from
a) generalized anxiety disorder.
b) social anxiety disorder.
c) agoraphobia.
d) panic disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
100. Eitan refuses to dance because of an intense, irrational fear of being negatively evaluated by others. Eitan has ___ anxiety disorder.
a) emotional
b) social
c) evaluation
d) situational
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
101. Specific phobias are best explained by _____ theories.
a) psychodynamic
b) humanistic
c) sociocultural
d) behavioural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
102. Grace has a terrible fear of thunder. She hides in her closet until the storm is over and puts her fingers in her ears, she trembles and cries and sweats and seeks constant reassurance from those around her. She panics if there is thunder when she is home alone. Grace has ___.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) agoraphobia
d) a specific phobia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
103. According to behaviourists, one way that phobias develop is through
a) unconscious conflicts.
b) dysfunctional assumptions.
c) irrational assumptions.
d) classical conditioning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
104. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of specific phobia?
a) animals
b) situations
c) blood and injections
d) death
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
105. Denzel was bitten by a dog when he was seven years old. Now, at twenty years old, he is still frightened of dogs. Denzel’s fear of dogs could BEST be explained by the _________ perspective and the generalization through _________ conditioning.
a) cognitive-behavioural; operant
b) cognitive-behavioural; classical
c) behavioural; operant
d) behavioural; classical
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
106. Tessa has a phobia of cats. Whenever she sees a cat, she worries that it will bite or scratch her. Her fear most likely stems from the time she visited her cousin when she was three-years-old, and her cousin had a nasty cat. Every time Tessa went to pat the cat, the cat scratched her. It only took a few bloody scratches before Tessa did not want to go anywhere near the cat, and from then onward, she has been afraid of cats. What is the most probable cause of Tessa’s anxiety disorder?
a) classical conditioning
b) operant conditioning
c) modelling
d) an overactive amygdala
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
107. While a person with ____ experiences anxiety only in certain specific situations, a person with ____ experiences anxiety in a wide variety of situations.
a) a phobia; generalized anxiety disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder
c) generalized anxiety disorder; panic disorder
d) panic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
108. Which of the following is a disorder that often co-occurs with panic disorder that involves fear of having a panic attack in a situation where the person would be either unable to escape easily or receive help?
a) social phobia
b) specific phobia
c) agoraphobia
d) generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
109. Kennedy was on the bus heading into work when suddenly she was overcome by an intense wave of terror and felt as if she were having a heart attack. She broke into a sweat, couldn’t breath, her heart was racing, and she was trembling and shaking. Assuming Kennedy is not having a panic attack what might be happening for her?
a) general anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
110. Panic disorder is characterized by
a) recurrent, sudden, and unexpected attacks of overwhelming anxiety.
b) enduring psychological disturbances attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event.
c) a chronic high level of anxiety.
d) persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
111. Urie is frequently and suddenly overcome by intense anxiety, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Urie is most likely suffering from ___.
a) general anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
112. Although she loves her husband, Emmaline constantly thinks about taking a knife and stabbing him. Emmaline’s uncontrollable thoughts could be an example of which of the following?
a) delusion
b) obsession
c) compulsion
d) hallucination
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
113. According to the cognitive-behavioural theorists the compulsions in obsessive compulsive disorder serve the function of
a) distracting the person from their obsessions.
b) neutralizing the anxiety evoked by the obsessions.
c) justifying the obsessive thoughts.
d) helping the person repress the obsessive thoughts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
114. Irrational, repetitive, and rigid behaviours that people feel compelled to perform to prevent or reduce anxiety are known as
a) obsessions.
b) compulsions.
c) phobias.
d) panic disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
115. Compulsions refer to _____, whereas obsessions refer to _____.
a) repetitive ritualistic behaviours; persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts
b) rational thoughts; rational behaviours
c) persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts; repetitive ritualistic behaviours
d) rational behaviours; repetitive ritualistic thoughts
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
116. Sylvia spends several hours per day cleaning her house and is often late for work because she is cleaning. She becomes distressed when her house is NOT in order and cannot go to bed until all her laundry is finished. According to the DSM, Sylvia would likely be classified in which subcategory for mental disorders?
a) obsessive-compulsive disorders
b) depressive disorders
c) dissociative disorders
d) schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
117. Grayson keeps dozens of multiple copies of the same document on multiple computers and thumb drives. Grayson is convinced that there will be a fire, an explosion, or water damage, or that someone steal his records. So, everyday he thinks of somewhere else to save his backup copies. He has copies at his parents’ houses, his siblings and friends houses, and he keeps backup copies in his car. He also has copies stored in safety deposit boxes at four different banks. Grayson spends several hours a day ensuring that all his backups are safe and thinking of new places to store further backups. Grayson is displaying symptoms of a/an _____.
a) a panic disorder
b) agoraphobia
c) generalized anxiety disorder
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
118. Gillian often has thoughts about hurting her child. After she has such a terrible thought, she washes her hands over and over. According to cognitive behavioural theorists, Gillian washes her hands because ___.
a) it helps to resolve the unconscious conflicts she is experiencing.
b) it increases serotonin levels, offsetting the anxiety.
c) it neutralizes and makes amends for the thoughts, thereby reducing her anxiety.
d) it extinguishes the association between the thoughts and anxiety created by classical conditioning.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
119. Which disorder is characterized by intrusive persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts and/or irresistible urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviours?
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) agoraphobia
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder
d) panic disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
120. Which of the following is NOT a factor in the risk for development of PTSD?
a) underactivity of the locus coeruleus
b) childhood poverty
c) damage to the amygdala
d) damage to the hippocampus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
121. Declan was the victim of a homophobic attack a month ago. A swarm of young men beat and kicked him and left him injured and alone in the night. Following the attack, Declan frequently thought about the attack, experienced nightmares, and often felt afraid. Now, after a month Declan feels that his life is returning to normal; he has joined a support group, and no longer feels afraid. It is likely that Declan was suffering from ___.
a) agoraphobia
b) panic disorder
c) acute stress disorder
d) post-traumatic stress disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
122. Research suggests that _____ percent of those with acute stress disorder develop post traumatic stress disorder.
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
123. Which of the following is correct regarding schizophrenia?
a) About one in 100 people develops schizophrenia.
b) Schizophrenia usually begins in early in childhood.
c) Almost 50% of all admissions to psychiatric hospitals in Canada are related to schizophrenia.
d) Schizophrenia is characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
124. Lucy’s psychiatrist asked her how she was doing. She replied, “I was first sad because Hitler made the Holocaust but know now that mothers love babies who can’t help crying when they heard that the towers fell.” Lucy’s response is an example of _____.
a) a hallucination
b) a delusion
c) disorganized thinking and speech
d) inappropriate affect
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
125. Lars has recently become convinced that his dog may be a robot. He is unsure who sent the robot to spy on him, but he is working to find out. Gina feels like she never does anything right. Every time she works on a project or talks to a friend, the woman in her head tells her that she is stupid and that is why no one loves her. What is the difference between Lars and Gina?
a) Lars is having disturbances in thought, while Gina is having disturbances in perception.
b) Lars is having disturbances in perception, while Gina is having disturbances in behavior.
c) Lars is having disturbances in behavior, while Gina is having disturbances in emotion.
d) Lars is having disturbances in emotion, while Gina is having disturbances in perception.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
126. Which of the following delusions is incorrectly matched?
a) grandeur: Winston Churchill is my saviour.
b) reference: The television news-anchor is sending me messages.
c) persecution: The RCMP and Canada Revenue Agency want to lock me up or kill me.
d) paranoid: My neighbours are listening through the walls and following my footsteps.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
127. Maeve believes her mechanic is trying to kill her. She is convinced that every time she brings her car in for an oil change, the mechanic is slowly cutting through her brake lines, or breaking other key pieces of equipment. This is an example of which of the following?
a) a delusion of persecution
b) a delusion of grandeur
c) a delusion of reference
d) a delusion of fear
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
128. Which term refers to sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus?
a) delusions
b) illusions
c) hallucinations
d) flight of ideas
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
129. Janusz hears voices in his head telling him that he is stupid and always making mistakes. The voices laugh at him and criticize all that he does; other voices whisper his names; others make rude noises. What is the term for Janusz’s symptom?
a) paranoia
b) delusion
c) hallucination
d) disturbed thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
130. Which of the following is an example of the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia?
a) hearing voices that are not really there
b) seeing a bridge and thinking it is the gateway to heaven
c) smelling a flower and believing its odour belongs to a skunk
d) walking into a tree because you did not see it
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
131. Ethan frequently hears his daughter's stuffed animals talking critically about him when he is in the hallway outside his daughter's bedroom; Ethan is experiencing
a) delusions.
b) hallucinations.
c) disturbed emotions.
d) irrational thought.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
132. Latisha spends most of her time alone in her bedroom. She has stopped going to work and no longer talks to her family on the phone. Additionally, Latisha has stopped bathing or brushing her hair or teeth. She has been wearing the same clothes now for two weeks. Latisha’s behavior best illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia?
a) social withdrawal
b) hallucinations
c) disturbed emotions
d) irrational thought
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
133. In consideration of the symptoms of schizophrenia, ________ is to deficits as _________ is to excesses.
a) positive; negative
b) negative; positive
c) common; uncommon
d) uncommon; common
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
134. Negative symptom is to ___ as positive symptom is to ___.
a) delusions; paranoia
b) delusions; social withdrawal
c) social withdrawal; loss of volition
d) loss of volition; delusions
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
135. Which of the following is NOT a negative symptom?
a) inappropriate affect
b) poverty of speech
c) flat affect
d) avolition
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
136. Derailment tends to be characteristic of the disordered speech of people with schizophrenia. The term derailment refers to _____.
a) a mistaken belief based on a misrepresentation of reality
b) the rapid shifting from one topic to another
c) artificial words created by the person
d) using only the main words and omitting the syntactic components
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
137. Darcy, a schizophrenic patient who will hold bizarre, awkward positions to which he has been placed for long periods of time. Darcy is exhibiting ___.
a) catatonic stupor
b) catatonic rigidity
c) catatonic posturing
d) waxy flexibility
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
138. Which of the following symptoms are correctly matched with their definition?
a) catatonic stupor – maintaining a posture into which they have been placed by someone else
b) catatonic rigidity – maintaining a stiff upright posture for hours and resisting efforts to be moved
c) waxy flexibility – assuming awkward, bizarre poses for long periods of time
d) catatonic posturing – withdrawing socially from family and friends
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
139. Which of the following is not a category of symptoms associated with schizophrenia?
a) positive
b) negative
c) manic
d) cognitive
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehensive
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
140. Schizophrenia has been linked to abnormally elevated levels of which of the following neurotransmitters?
a) serotonin
b) norepinephrine
c) GABA
d) dopamine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
141. Simon and Cal are half-brothers. Their father has schizophrenia and so does Cal’s mom. Simon’s mom does NOT have schizophrenia. Cal is older and lived with both of his schizophrenic parents for 10 years before they divorced. Simon has only ever lived with his mom and dad. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia?
a) Cal is more likely than Simon to develop schizophrenia because both of his biological parents have the disorder.
b) Cal is more likely than Simon to develop schizophrenia because he lived with both schizophrenic parents for an extended period of time.
c) Simon is more likely than Cal to develop schizophrenia because he is the youngest offspring of his father.
d) Simon is more likely than Cal to develop schizophrenia because his mother’s relatives also have the disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
142. Vanessa just found out that Sophia has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Vanessa should be the most concerned if Sophia is her
a) aunt.
b) mother.
c) fraternal twin.
d) identical twin.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
143. Which of the following is not classified as a cognitive symptom associated with schizophrenia?
a) memory
b) executive function
c) hallucinations
d) attention
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehensive
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
144. Which of the following is a somatoform disorder?
a) posttraumatic stress disorder
b) conversion disorder
c) fugue
d) dissociative amnesia
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
145. Kinsley relentlessly worries that she has cancer. She has been to her physician many times, presenting with minimal to no real symptoms. She has completed all the tests her physician asked her to complete, and they have all come back negative – no cancer. Kinsley however is certain the tests are wrong and that there are others she needs to have. Kinsley is showing signs of _____.
a) somatic symptom disorder
b) illness anxiety disorder
c) conversion disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
146. Summer has a dramatic but inconsistent medical history. She has gone from one physician to another, one clinic to another, and they know her by name at the emergency room at her local hospital. Her symptoms are imprecise and entirely made up. The medical experiences she claims to have experienced occur only when she is alone. She seeks surgeries and hospitalization; and when in hospital she agitates to stay, often relapsing when release is being discussed. This pattern of symptoms suggests Summer may have a(n) ___.
a) illness anxiety disorder
b) narcissistic personality disorder
c) somatization disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
147. For the past year, despite a lack of somatic symptoms, Kam has been going from doctor to doctor because he is sure he has cancer. Which of the following disorders would Kam most likely have?
a) somatic symptom disorder
b) illness anxiety disorder
c) conversion disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
148. For two weeks Alejandro has lost all motor control in his arms. All medical tests have indicated that his bodily systems and central nervous system are healthy. Right before the onset of symptoms one of Alejandro’s co-workers was killed in a workplace accident. The co-worker was crushed by heavy shelving and unable to breathe. Both Alejandro and another co-worker worked to free him until the first responders arrived, but the man could not be saved. With which of the following psychological disorders would Alejandro most likely be diagnosed?
a) somatic symptom disorder
b) illness anxiety disorder
c) conversion disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
149. Fernando has been unable to walk for the past four months because he is paralyzed. Although medical tests do not reveal any physiological evidence to support his inability walk, Fernando’s paralysis persists. Which of the following disorders does Fernando most likely have?
a) illness anxiety
b) somatic symptom
c) factitious
d) conversion
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
150. Which of the following individuals has a somatization disorder?
a) Agathe, who has three different personalities
b) Tamás, who has no memory of who he is
c) Miska, who has an extreme and callous disregard for the feelings and rights of others
d) Umut, who is blind although the doctors say that his visual system is fully functional
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
151. What is the difference between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder?
a) the presence of symptoms
b) the age of onset
c) the duration of symptoms
d) the prognosis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
152. Dr. Beaman is a psychodynamic therapist who is treating a patient claiming to have four other personalities. Dr. Beaman tells her she has _____ disorder as a result of _____.
a) dissociative amnesia; severe head injury
b) dissociative identity disorder; a single episode of massive repression
c) depersonalization disorder; a lifetime of excessive repression
d) dissociative identity disorder; a lifetime of excessive repression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
153. Farren is a patient in a hospital after losing his leg in a serious car accident that also killed his best friend. Although the doctors have found no signs of a head or brain injury, Farren appears to have no memory surrounding the accident. Which of the following disorders does Farren probably have?
a) dissociative amnesia
b) dissociative fugue
c) dissociative identity disorder
d) derealization disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
154. Amy is the star of the basketball team at the local fitness center. However, when she discusses sports at her workplace, she insists that she has NOT played basketball since high school. What mental disorder may explain her behavior?
a) Dissociative identity disorder
b) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
c) Antisocial personality disorder
d) Borderline personality disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
155. Burke is a nurse in a hospital and is treating a young man who cannot seem to remember who he is or anything else about his life. The doctors have run many tests but have found no physiological cause for his memory loss. Which of the following disorders does the young man probably have?
a) dissociative amnesia
b) dissociative fugue
c) dissociative identity disorder
d) derealization disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
156. The belief that dissociative disorders are caused by repression has been proposed by ___________ theorists.
a) psychodynamic
b) new wave cognitive
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) humanist
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
157. Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed ___ disorder.
a) schizophrenic
b) dissociative amnesic
c) manic depressive
d) multiple personality
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
158. Which of the following dissociative disorders is correctly defined?
a) dissociative amnesia – individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
b) dissociative fugue – individual is unable to recall important information about her life
c) dissociative identity disorder – individual develops two or more different personalities
d) dissociative amnesia – individual can recall events from before a stressful event but nothing afterward
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
159. Hugo has been referred to a therapist because he reports that he feels as if he is observing himself from outside his body. Hugo is most likely suffering from a
___________________________ disorder.
a) dissociative identity
b) dissociative amnesia
c) depersonalization
d) dissociative fugue
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
160. For at least ten years twenty-five year old Beck has reported that he has felt cut off from himself. He says he feels that he is watching himself from outside his body and does not view what is happening around him as real. He says he often feels as if he is in a dream and that the important people in his life are disconnected from him, as if behind a glass wall. Beck might be diagnosed with _____.
a) dissociative amnesia
b) dissociative fugue
c) dissociative identity disorder
d) depersonalization/derealization disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
161. Which of the following dissociative disorders is correctly defined?
a) dissociative amnesia – individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
b) dissociative identity disorder – individual is unable to recall vital information about her life
c) dissociative amnesia – individual develops several different personalities
d) dissociative fugue – individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
162. All the statements below regarding antisocial personality disorder are false. Which statement is TRUE??
a) Anxiety disorders are frequently a precursor to antisocial personality disorder.
b) Agoraphobia is highly correlated with antisocial personality disorder.
c) Conduct disorder in childhood is frequently a precursor to antisocial personality disorder.
d) Bipolar disorder is highly correlated with antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
163. Jamil cannot control his impulses. He constantly lies to his friends and family, without any remorse. His recent reckless behaviour has landed him in jail. Jamil’s behaviour is consistent with the symptoms of
a) borderline personality disorder.
b) dissociative disorder.
c) somataform disorder.
d) antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
164. Which of the following is associated with an increased possibility of a diagnosis with antisocial behavior?
a) biological parent with antisocial personality disorder
b) adoptive parent with antisocial personality disorder
c) identical twin with antisocial personality disorder
d) adoptive or biological parent with antisocial personality disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
165. Joe is charming and manipulative. He views other people as objects to be exploited and does not feel guilty when he hurts their feelings or takes advantage of them. Joe likely has ___.
a) antisocial personality disorder
b) narcissistic personality disorder
c) paranoid personality disorder
d) schizoid personality disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
166. Twenty-seven year old Pierre persistently disregards and violates the rights of other people. He has a history of delinquent behaviour in his early teens, including cruelty to animals and destruction of property. What might be the cause of Pierre’s behaviour?
a) He has deficient functioning in the temporal lobes.
b) He has low levels the neurotransmitter dopamine.
c) He learned the behaviour from parents, older brothers, or others.
d) He never learned how to regulate his emotions and handle emotional distress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
167. Which of the following people is most likely to have a borderline personality disorder?
a) Felix, who does not interact with other students and is sure that his instructor is trying to trick people on exams
b) Henderson, who chronically over-participates in class and is always eager to show everyone that he has the right answer
c) Chelsea, who is chronically late for class and expects her instructor to spend time to get her caught up when she misses a class
d) Wanda, who is sometimes very interested in participating in classroom discussions, but is sometimes likely to lash out at her instructor or classmates over perceived injustices
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
168. Janice cuts her arms when overwhelmed by emotion, abruptly changes from laughter to anger, and needs constant reassurance from others to feel any sense of self-worth. She is MOST likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder.
a) dissociative identity disorder
b) borderline personality disorder
c) multiple personality disorder
d) major depressive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
169. Minenhle has experienced numerous broken relationships, divorces, and lost jobs, primarily due to her overwhelming feelings of abandonment by others that ultimately destroy her relationships. Minenhle most likely has ___________ personality disorder.
a) dissociative
b) borderline
c) multiple
d) depressive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
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