Stohr Complete Test Bank Ethics And Corrections Chapter 4 - Complete Test Bank | Corrections Policy to Practice 2e by Mary K. Stohr. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 4: Ethics and Corrections
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following are key to preventing ethical abuses?
a. Codes of ethics
b. Professionalization of staff
c. Routinization of policies and procedures
d. All of these
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction: To Do the Right Thing!
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. What is the ratio of black people of voting age who are denied the right to vote due to disenfranchisement laws?
a. 1:7
b. 1:9
c. 1:11
d. 1:13
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Which of the following systems is concerned with whether the act itself is good?
a. Teleological ethical systems
b. Deontological ethical systems
c. Ethical formalism
d. Utilitarianism
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. ______ is known as what is right or wrong.
a. Ethics
b. Morality
c. Utilitarianism
d. Politics
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Ethics: What Is Right (and Wrong)?
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Which of the following are philosophical touchstones that are referenced as guides to human decision-making?
a. Ethical formalism
b. Religion
c. Natural law
d. All of these
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. All of the following are philosophical touchstones that are referenced as guides to human decision-making except:
a. Ethical formalism
b. Religion
c. Subculture
d. Ethics of virtue
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Adherents of a(n) ______ ethical framework believe that: “What is good is that which is natural.”
a. religious perspective
b. natural law
c. utilitarian
d. ethical formalism
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Natural Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. A framework centered on good acts is known as which of the following?
a. Religious perspective
b. Natural law
c. Ethics of care
d. Egoism
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethics of Care
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Which framework is based on the belief that the needs of self are most important?
a. Ethics of care
b. Religious perspective
c. Natural law
d. Egoism
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Egoism
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Which of the following terms describes the ability to make choices and to act or not act on them?
a. Discretion
b. Subculture
c. Official deviance
d. Noble cause
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Noble-Cause Corruption
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Which of the following terms describes a subset of a larger culture with its own norms, values, beliefs, traditions, and history of a group of people?
a. Discretion
b. Subculture
c. Noble cause
d. Official deviance
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Subculture
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. How many people were arrested for a marijuana law violation in 2014?
a. 851,894
b. 689,056
c. 700,993
d. 598,768
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. What percentage of individuals were arrested for possession of marijuana in 2014?
a. 65%
b. 78%
c. 82%
d. 88%
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. How many students have lost federal financial aid eligibility because of a drug conviction?
a. 200,000+
b. 300,000+
c. 400,000+
d. 500,000+
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Which of the following is considered to be a social ill?
a. education
b. substance abuse
c. employment
d. health care
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. _____ was the fourth most common cause of deportation for any offense in 2013.
a. Aggravated assault
b. Simple marijuana possession
c. Identity theft
d. Petty theft
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Ethical formalism falls under a ______ system as the focus is on the act and its rightness (or wrongness) rather than on the consequences of the act.
a. deontological system
b. utilitarianism
c. teleological system
d. none of these
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Which philosopher believed that individuals participated in utilitarian calculus when making a decision?
a. Aristotle
b. Bentham
c. Plato
d. Pollock
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Utilitarianism
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Utilitarian calculus weights which of the following?
a. The possible pleasure of a decision
b. The possible pain of a decision
c. The possible pleasure and pain of a decision
d. The right and wrong of a decision
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Utilitarianism
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Utilitarianism falls under which system?
a. Religious perspective
b. Natural law
c. Deontological system
d. Teleological system
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Utilitarianism
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. Ethics of virtue focuses on where a person is ______.
a. right
b. wrong
c. good
d. bad
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Ethics of Virtue
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Which framework is the ethics of care system based on?
a. Deontological system
b. Teleological system
c. Religious perspective
d. Natural law
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethics of Care
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Kirkham (2013) found which of the following to be true in regard to the Youth Services International?
a. There was low staff turnover
b. Juveniles has access to meals
c. Reports of assaults and fighting were accurately reported
d. Staff abused the juveniles
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: A Lack of Ethics: Florida’s YSI Private Prisons for Youth
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Actions taken by officials which violate the law and/or the formal rules of the organization, but which are clearly oriented toward the needs and goals of the organization, as perceived by the official, and thus fulfill certain informal rules of the organization is known as ______.
a. noble cause
b. official deviance
c. personal gain
d. discretion
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Official Deviance
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Which of the following is a barrier to ethical practice?
a. Do not be sympathetic toward clients.
b. Hire people who are less likely to be motivated by personal gains.
c. Pay people a professional wage.
d. Encourage professional development of employees.
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Subcultural Values of Probation and Parole Officers
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. Kauffman and Pollock discuss which of the following as barriers in ethical practice?
a. Always come to the aid of a coworker.
b. Never rat on coworkers.
c. Always cover for a coworker in front of clients.
d. All of these.
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Subcultural Values of Probation and Parole Officers
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. “Always support the decision of a coworker regarding a client” is a ______ in ethical practice.
a. objective
b. rule
c. barrier
d. goal
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Subcultural Values of Probation and Parole Officers
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. Which of the following is a behavior that promotes ethical behavior?
a. Encourage involvement of outsider review.
b. Encourage whistle-blowing.
c. Encourage professional engagement.
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: How to Prevent Unethical Behavior and Promote Ethical Work Practices
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. Which of the following is an explanation as to why individuals may behave unethical?
a. Personal gain
b. Out of selfishness
c. Official deviance
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Why People Behave Unethically
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. Which of the following is a “noble cause” theme that may explain police officer behavior?
a. Official deviance
b. The tower
c. Personal gain
d. Selfishness
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Noble-Cause Corruption
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. _____ concerns what is right or wrong in the personal sphere.
a. Discretion
b. Ethics
c. Legitimacy
d. Morality
Learning Objective: 4-1:
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Ethics: What is Right (and Wrong)?
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. Which of the following is considered to be the most influence social institutions inculcate ethics and morality?
a. Church
b. School
c. Family
d. Politics
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. “Do unto others as you would have done unto you” is referred to as the
a. ethical rule
b. moral rule
c. religious rule
d. golden rule
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Which of the following is defined as “what is good is that which results in the greatest utility for the greatest number”?
a. utilitarianism
b. formalism
c. egoism
d. determinism
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Utilitarianism
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. Under the _____ perspective, we know what truth and decency are.
a. religious
b. ethical formalism
c. natural law
d. egoism
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Natural Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. The rights accorded to citizens under the Constitution of the United States fall in line with the
a. natural law.
b. egoism.
c. ethics of care.
d. ethics of virtue.
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Natural Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. Which of the following is an example of a virtue?
a. temperance
b. humility
c. thriftiness
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethics of Virtue
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Which of the following perspectives is regarded as more feminine?
a. ethics of virtue
b. egoism
c. religious
d. ethics of care
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ethics of Care
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. Helping and caring for others so they will do the same for you when you are in need of assistance is referred to as
a. ethics of care
b. enlightened egoism
c. ethical formalism
d. ethics of virtue
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Egoism
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. The majority of the people in federal prison are
a. black or Latino.
b. white
c. foreigners
d. female
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. A majority of correctional workers are ethical in their work practices.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction: To Do the Right Thing!
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Organizations and agencies do not have strategies to reduce unethical practices.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction: To Do the Right Thing!
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The family is likely the most influential social institution to inculcate ethics and morality.
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Ethics is the study of what is right and wrong.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Ethics: What Is Right (and Wrong)?
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Morality is concerned with what is right or wrong in the professional sphere.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Ethics: What Is Right (and Wrong)?
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Systems focused on the consequences of the act are known ethical formalism.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Formalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. The owner of YSI in Florida clearly benefits financially from cutting staff salaries and inmate food.
Learning Objective: 4-3:
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Why People Behave Unethically
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. The religious perspective is a perspective that weighs what is right or wrong based on one’s religion and covers all facets of living and relationships with others.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Pollock defined egoism as “what is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative”.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Egoism
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Moral behavior is shaped by both deontological and teleological ethical systems.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Kant also believed that people must seek to be guided by reason in their decision making.
Learning Objective: 4-2:
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Ethical Formalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Teleological ethical systems are systems focused on the consequences of the act.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Negative subculture is a key feature of correctional environments that would make staff and management more prone to unethical behavior.
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Subculture
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The United States has the second highest incarceration rate in the world.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Under the ethical formalism system, there is the belief that there is a universal law that includes clear rights and wrongs.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Formalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Most religions include a universal set of rights and wrongs.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Religious Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Under a religious perspective the rights and wrongs are just clear and knowable through reason.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Natural laws about what is rights and wrong are relative to time and place.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Natural Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Women are more likely to be concerned about the care of others as guiding how they behave.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Ethics of Care
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Openness is more likely to reduce unethical behavior and defuse the power of negative subcultures.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Identify why corrections workers might be prone to ethics violations and how they might be prevented.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: How to Prevent Unethical Behavior and Promote Ethical Work Practices
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Define the term ethics.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Ethics: What Is Right (and Wrong)?
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Define the term deontological ethical system.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Define the term teleological ethical system.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Define the term ethical formalism.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethical Formalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. What is utilitarianism?
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Utilitarianism
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. What is the religious perspective?
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Religious Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Define ethics of care.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethics of Care
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. What is discretion?
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Noble-Cause Corruption
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. What is a subculture?
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Subculture
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Define the framework of egoism.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Egoism
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Discuss a time that you were faced with an ethical dilemma. What happened? What did you do?
Learning Objective: 4-3: Analyze why people are motivated to commit ethical violations.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Various Pages
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Discuss 6 of the 12 practices that prevent unethical behavior. Which practices do you believe are most useful?
Learning Objective: 4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How to Prevent Unethical Behavior and Promote Ethical Work Practices
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Compare and contrast an ethics of care framework and an egoism framework.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. What is the difference between ethical formalism and utilitarianism?
Learning Objective: 4-2: Describe the different ethical frameworks.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Discuss the concepts of ethics and morality. Which concept do you believe is more important?
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain the differences between ethics and morality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Ethics: What Is Right (and Wrong)?
Difficulty Level: Medium
Document Information
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Complete Test Bank | Corrections Policy to Practice 2e
By Mary K. Stohr