Chapter 6 Jails And Detention Centers Test Bank

Chapter 6: Jails and Detention Centers

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The capacity of jails to house inmates:

a. has never been worse.

b. has been worse in the recent past.

c. has been worse only in the distant past.

d. continues to be a problem, with half of jails operating at over than average

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. When bringing a lawsuit against jails and prisons, an offender is most likely to win cases when the claim involves:

a. Sexual abuse

b. Poor diet

c. Inadequate healthcare

d. Overcrowding

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In 2016 women comprised about ______ of jail inmates.

a. 2%

b. 8%

c. 10%

d. 15%

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Long-term trends over the last 19 years show that the number of African American inmates has

a. increased only slightly

b. doubled

c. steadily decreased

d. decreased substantially

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The primary reason for the increase in the minority population in jail is:

a. the war on drugs

b. immigration

c. racial profiling by police and courts

d. an increase in minority criminal activity

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The racial–ethnic grouping with the largest numbers in jail are:

a. Whites

b. Blacks

c. Hispanics of any race

d. all are approximately equally represented

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Proportionate to population which racial–ethnic group are the most likely to be incarcerated in American jails?

a. White

b. Black

c. Hispanics of any race

d. All are approximately equally likely

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Jails in the United States are full of:

a. the homeless

b. the mentally ill

c. the poor

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. What percentage of jail inmates have mental health problems?

a. 12%

b. 26%

c. 47%

d. 64%

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. With regard to inmates with mental health problems:

a. Prisons experience higher percentages than jails.

b. Jails experience higher percentages than prisons.

c. Prisons and jails experience comparable numbers.

d. Prisons experience higher percentages for males; jails experience a higher number for females.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Of those with mental health problems, jail inmates experience:

a. 50% more delusions

b. no hallucinations

c. attacks from the staff

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Inmates with mental illness are ______ likely to be homeless then those without an illness:

a. less

b. 3 times as

c. twice as

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Three-quarters of inmates with mental health problems are:

a. dependent on or abuse substances

b. homeless

c. violent

d. living in poverty

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The most common health problem of inmates in jail is:

a. HIV

b. liver failure

c. arthritis

d. paralysis

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. What percentage of jail inmates report being under the influence at the time of their offense?

a. 30%

b. 50%

c. 70%

d. 90%

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Substance Abuse and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Which group is more likely than others to be under the influence while committing an offense?

a. Whites and females

b. Hispanics and males

c. Females and Hispanics

d. Males and whites

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Substance Abuse and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. In 2002, only ______ of convicted inmates in jails received treatment.

a. 6%

b. 12.4%

c. 22%

d. 34%

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Substance Abuse and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. As of 2014, the leading cause of death in jail was ______.

a. suicide

b. murder

c. illness

d. accidental overdose

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Suicides

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Which of the following types of inmates were targeted more by both inmates nad staff for sexual victimization?

a. inmates in a gang

b. inmates with a college degree

c. inmates older than 34

d. inmates with no family

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. If operated correctly, new generation jails are:

a. more cost-effective

b. safer

c. equipped with more amenities

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New-Generation or Podular Direct-Supervision Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. ______ are characterized by rounded architecture and living units with directly supervising staff.

a. New generation jails

b. Community jails

c. Coequal staffing jails

d. Reentry programs for jails

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New-Generation or Podular Direct-Supervision Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which type of institution is characterized by the idea that programming on the outside does not begin or end with incarceration?

a. New generation jails

b. Community jails

c. Coequal staffing jails

d. Reentry programs for jails

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which type of institution is characterized by equal pay and enhanced training for its employees?

a. New generation jails

b. Community jails

c. Coequal staffing jails

d. Reentry programs for jails

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coequal Staffing

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Which type of institution is characterized by the provision of services that make the transition from incarceration to freedom more manageable?

a. New generation jails

b. Community jails

c. Coequal staffing jails

d. Reentry programs for jails

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reentry Programs for Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Jails:

a. are described as correctional afterthoughts by scholars

b. hold multifaceted and critical roles in communities

c. have often been neglected

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the origins of jails.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Community Institution

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. What percentage of jail inmates have not been convicted of the crime they are being held for?

a. 25%

b. 42%

c. 51%

d. 65%

Learning Objective: 6-2: Identify the types of jails in operation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail Inmates and Their Processing

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. According to the 1976 case of Estelle v. Gamble, inmates have the right to:

a. Freedom of the press

b. Right to special religious diets

c. Right to reasonable medical care

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rights to Medical Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which types of jails may be better equipped to monitor and prevent suicides in their facilities?

a. Larger

b. Smaller

c. City

d. County

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Suicides

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. What mandated that the BJS collect data on sexual assaults in adult and juvenile jails and prisons and that they identify facilities with high levels of victimization?

a. No More Rape Act of 2003

b. End Rape Now Act of 2003

c. Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

d. Jail Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following tactics are used by correctional facilities for controlling gangs?

a. Informants

b. Isolation of leaders

c. Non intervention

d. Segregation

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. In 2016, the average length of stay for inmates of jails was

a. 10 days

b. 15 days

c. 19 days

d. 25 days

Learning Objective: 6-3: Explain how jails process individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail Inmates and Their Processing

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. In the Middle Ages, jails were operated by

a. the sheriff.

b. the judge.

c. the king.

d. the people.

Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the origins of jails.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Community Institution

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Today, the vast majority of jails are operated by

a. county sheriffs.

b. local police chiefs.

c. tribal officers.

d. federal agents.

Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the origins of jails.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Community Institution

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which of the following are considered to be a part of the profile of the suicide-prine inmate in jail?

a. male

b. Hispanic or Latino

c. committed a violent-offense

d. 34 years of age or older

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Suicides

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which of the following were identified as adult women’s priority reentry needs?

a. housing

b. substance abuse treatment

c. financial support

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reentry Programs for Jails

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. The focus of arrests in the drug war has often been on the

a. low-level sellers.

b. buyers.

c. drug kingpins.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. In a BJS study, the majority of the jail inmates had which of the following mental-health problems?

a. major depression

b. psychotic disorder

c. mania

d. anxiety

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. According to the Mortality in Local Jails (2000-2014) annual study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, _____ is the second leading cause of death in jails.

a. cancer

b. AIDS

c. heart disease

d. diabetes

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Bureau of Justice Statistics researchers found that females reported a rate of cancer that was almost _____ times that of men.

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 8

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. In a study of adolescents in a detention center in Chicago, about 15% of the teths had contracted

a. HIV.

b. gonorrhea.

c. chlamydia.

d. herpes.

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Prisons have been in existence for much longer than jails.

Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the origins of jails.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Community Institution

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Jails were at or above 100% capacity during the 1980s and 1990s.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Podular-direct supervision jails offer a management philosophy that is much more regimented and less open than traditional jails.

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New-Generation or Podular Direct-Supervision Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Jail staff has historically, and unfortunately, received the same levels of training and compensation as deputy sheriffs despite the fact that their jobs are much more demanding.

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coequal Staffing

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Jails operate 7 days a week, 24 hours a day.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Explain how jails process individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jail Inmates and Their Processing

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The number of adult males in jail from 1990 to 2006 almost tripled.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. New generation jails have a triangular architecture.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New-Generation or Podular Direct-Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Mental illness also makes jail inmates more likely candidates for the use of solitary confinement and targets of other violent inmates.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness and Solitary Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Those who are mentally ill are more likely to be homeless.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Female inmates experience more mental health problems than male inmates.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Jail inmates with mental illness are more likely to be homeless than inmates without mental illness.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. One half of jail inmates reported a medical problem more serious than a cold or the flu.

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Two percent of jail inmates use a walker, cane, or wheelchair.

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Inmates have yet to gain a constitutional right to health care during incarceration.

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rights to Medical Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Prison inmates commit suicide at 3 times the rate of jail inmates because their incarceration experience is significantly longer.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Suicides

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The Prison Rape Elimination Act only collects data in prisons.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Reentry programs for jails focus on making reentering the prison a smoother transition for offenders.

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reentry Programs for Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Women comprise about 15% of all jail inmates.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Overcrowding is a serious issue facing jails today.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Jails and prisons have comparable rates of suicides and homicides.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Suicides

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Explain how the mission of a jail is much more diverse than that of a prison.

Learning Objective: 6-1: Describe the origins of jails.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction: The Community Institution

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Why can a jail capacity percentage be misleading?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What is the primarily reason for increased numbers of women and minorities in jail?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How does being homeless increase a person’s chances of being arrested?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mental Illness, Homelessness, Substance Abuse, and Poverty

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Why is the provision for health care to incarcerated persons important?

Learning Objective: 6-5: Describe the various approaches jails take to address medical problems of inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rights to Medical Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. When does overcrowding occur?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. How have “get tough” policies affected jails?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What did the late corrections scholar, John Irwin refer the types of people who are managed in jails as?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Poor and the Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What did the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 mandate?

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What are the two key components of a new generation jail?

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: New-Generation or Podular Direct-Supervision Jails

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. How does overcrowding limit the ability of jails to fulfill its multifaceted mission? What is the impact on inmates?

Learning Objective: 6-4: Assess how jails affect and are affected by overcrowding, race, gender, age, and special needs of their inmates

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Overcrowding

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Identify the seven critical dimensions of new generation officer behavior and discuss what research has indicated about the success in proper officer training.

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: New-Generation or Podular Direct-Supervision Jails

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss how an inmate is typically processed into a jail.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Explain how jails process individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Jail Inmates and Their Processing

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe the issues jails face regarding gangs and how they address the problem.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Discuss how jails manage sexual violence, gangs, and suicides

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss reentry, what is involved, and why it’s important.

Learning Objective: 6-7: Explain the kinds of innovations happening in jails an how they are working out

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reentry Programs for Jails

Difficulty Level: Hard