Ch3 Correctional History Early Prisons To Test Bank Docx

Chapter 3: Correctional History: Early Prisons to Corrections Today

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is one of the early institutions built in America that followed the Quaker principles and ideas?

a. Newgate Prison

b. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison

c. Walnut Street Jail

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In what year did the American Prison Congress convene?

a. 1860

b. 1870

c. 1880

d. 1890

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The 1870 American Prison Congress

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The separate system is part of which model?

a. Pennsylvania Prison Model

b. New York Prison Model

c. Walnut Street Jail

d. Western Pennsylvania Prison

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The congregate system is part of which model?

a. Pennsylvania system

b. New York system

c. Walnut Street Jail

d. Western Pennsylvania Prison

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Which early prison was built to hold inmates in complete solitary confinement, with no labor, for the full span of their sentence?

a. Walnut Street Jail

b. Western Pennsylvania Prison

c. Auburn Prison

d. Sing Sing Prison

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. To which early facility did inmates refer to as being sent “up the river”?

a. Walnut Street Jail

b. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison

c. Auburn Prison

d. Sing Sing Prison

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. In Beaumont and Tocqueville’s outline, which prison did they consider to be even worse than Walnut Street?

a. Auburn

b. Sing Sing

c. Pittsburgh

d. Cherry Hill

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following institutions was also known as Cherry Hill?

a. Auburn

b. Sing Sing

c. Western Pennsylvania Prison

d. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Walnut Street Jail was a part of which prison system?

a. Pennsylvania prison system

b. Texas prison system

c. New York prison system

d. Georgia prison system

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Auburn prison was a part of which of the following prison systems?

a. Georgia prison system

b. New York prison system

c. Pennsylvania prison system

d. Texas prison system

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Western and Eastern prisons were a part of which of the following prison systems?

a. Texas prison system

b. New York prison system

c. Pennsylvania prison system

d. Georgia prison system

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Sing Sing prison was a part of which of the following prison systems?

a. Pennsylvania prison system

b. Georgia prison system

c. Texas prison system

d. New York prison system

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which New York prison was most ambitious in reform efforts?

a. Elmira

b. Auburn

c. Sing Sing

d. Walnut Street Jail

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Grand Reforms

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which prison was constructed in 1773 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?

a. Elmira

b. Walnut Street Jail

c. Sing Sing

d. Auburn

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which philosophy was embedded within the Walnut Street Jail?

a. Deterrence

b. Rehabilitation

c. Penitence

d. Incapacitation

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Which of the following was the focus of the Newgate Prison in New York?

a. Rehabilitation

b. Religious redemption

c. Work programs

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Newgate Prison, New York City

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. The western Pennsylvania prison was devised to operate in which fashion?

a. Solitary and separate

b. Labor intensive

c. Religious redemption

d. Rehabilitation

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which prison was the first prison to incorporate hot water and flush toilets in the individual cells?

a. Western Pennsylvania prison

b. Eastern Pennsylvania prison

c. Auburn prison

d. Sing Sing prison

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Which of the following statements regarding the Walnut Street Jail is true?

a. it failed to separate by gender, age, or offense

b. it housed minor offenders

c. it used a fee system

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Why was the practice of solitary confinement in prison cells abandoned in the New York model?

a. Mental anguish

b. Insanity

c. It hampered the efficient production of goods

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Why did Beaumont and Tocqueville support the practice of maintaining solitude of inmates at night and silence during the day?

a. Silence led to reflection

b. Reduction of cross-contamination of inmates

c. Silence led to reformation

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Who was Dorothea Dix?

a. Humanitarian

b. Teacher

c. Penal and insane asylum reformer

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dorothea Dix’s Evaluation of Prisons and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which system was a graduated reward system for prisons, developed by Maconochie in which if one behaves, it is possible to earn points that in turn entitled one to privileges?

a. Points system

b. Marks system

c. Maconochie’s system

d. Rewards system

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elmira

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Which century was probation and parole developed in?

a. 19th century

b. 18th century

c. 20th century

d. 21st century

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Creation of Probation and Parole

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Which of the following did Dorothea Dix believe to be true of most prison systems?

a. The prisons were adequately staffed

b. Leadership was exceptional

c. Prisons were overcrowded

d. Conditions were sanitary

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dorothea Dix’s Evaluation of Prisons and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. The New York model for imprisonment was preferred over which prison system?

a. Georgia prison system

b. Texas prison system

c. Pennsylvania prison system

d. None of these

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Who was the first warden of the Auburn Prison?

a. Elam Lynds

b. Dorothea Dix

c. Thomas Eddy

d. Charles Dickens

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which of the following has been the overriding theme in correctional history?

a. Power

b. Money

c. Religion

d. Science

Learning Objective: 3-6: Describe the prevailing themes in correctional history.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Themes That Prevail in Correctional History

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. In which part of the country were prisons seldom used before the Civil War?

a. The North

b. The South

c. The East

d. The West

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following reflects the purpose of the “marks” system?

a. Discipline

b. Encourage reform

c. Justify “good time”

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elmira

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. After the remodel, the Walnut Street Jail began to separate inmates by

a. gender and offense

b. age and gender

c. offense and status

d. status and gender

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. In the Eastern Pennsylvania Prison, inmates were only allowed contact with

a. the clergy.

b. their families.

c. the staff.

d. their cellmates

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Juvenile court reform began in which state?

a. New York

b. Pennsylvania

c. Illinois

d. California

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Illinois was one of the first states to

a. abolish the death penalty.

b. remove solitary confinement.

c. initiate civil service reforms.

d. use prison labor to make goods.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Which of the following are considered to be a part of the convict code?

a. Do not inform

b. Do not openly interact or cooperate with the guards or administration

c. Do your own time

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Punishment and _____ are the only justifications for warehouse prisons.

a. restitution

b. incapacitation

c. rehabilitation

d. reintegration

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. In the North, Midwest, and later, the West, prisons were built somewhat on the

a. Eastern Pennsylvania model

b. Sing Sing model

c. Elmira model

d. Auburn model

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. The Elmira reformatory had a _____ focus.

a. incapacitation

b. rehabilitation

c. reintegration

d. deterrent

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elmira

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Who was appointed to head the Elmira reformatory?

a. Elam Lynds

b. Zebulon Brockway

c. Jeremy Bentham

d. Dorthea Dix

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elmira

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. At Sing Sing, an 1870 investigation found that inmates were

a. largely supervised.

b. had access to contraband.

c. were forced into labor most of the time.

d. had only 3 hours of yard time

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Failure of Reform is Noted

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The Walnut Street Jail was a part of the Pennsylvania prison system.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Auburn was a part of the Pennsylvania prison system.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The stated purpose of solitary confinement was to achieve reform or rehabilitation.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Dorothea Dix explored the idea of recidivism.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dorothea Dix’s Evaluation of Prisons and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Dorothea Dix was the first warden of the Elmira Reformatory.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dorothea Dix’s Evaluation of Prisons and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The state of Ohio shocked Beaumont and Tocqueville by the barbarous state of its prisons compared to its humanitarian penal code.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The eastern Pennsylvania prison was the largest building in America in 1820s.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Inmates did not suffer in the first prison systems.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The term correctional institutions was originally applied only to prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The Walnut Street Jail was originally used to house violent offenders.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Dr. Benjamin Rush led the reform efforts of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Contamination and indolence were the two major faults of the Walnut Street Jail.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The Newgate prison in New York used corporal punishment.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Newgate Prison, New York City

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The Pennsylvania prison model was known as the separate system.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Prisoners from the Walnut Street Jail built Sing Sing in 1825.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Contract and lease systems were devised to use inmates’ labor.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Stateville prison in Illinois was built as an octagon.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The Medical Model is a rehabilitation model that assumes criminals are sick and need treatment.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. There was a boom in prison building across the country between 1950 and 1970.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Rehabilitation was the philosophy behind warehouse prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Why were Southern prisons little used prior to the Civil War?

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which prison model did Dorothea Dix prefer?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dorothea Dix’s Evaluation of Prisons and Jails

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which institutions utilized the separate system?

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which institutions utilized the congregate system?

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Where did Elam Lynds find workers to build Sing Sing prison?

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Auburn, Sing Sing, and the New York (Congregate) System

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Who drafted the Declaration of Principles?

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The 1870 American Prison Congress

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. What was the focus of the Newgate Prison in New York City?

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Newgate Prison, New York City

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. What famous criminal did time at Eastern Pennsylvania Prison?

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Pennsylvania Prison Model (Separate System)

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. What is the name of the reformatory that opened in 1876 that utilized the marks system?

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elmira

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The contract and lease system would eventually give rise to what?

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss in detail the history and significance of the Walnut Street Jail.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Walnut Street Jail

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Discuss the Pennsylvania and New York Systems. Which do you believe was better from inception? Why?

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various Pages

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Describe the creation and history of the Elmira Reformatory.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elmira

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss the difference between the contract system and the lease system including historical context.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Who was Dorothea Dix and why was she important?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Dorothea Dix’s Evaluation of Prisons and Jails

Difficulty Level: Hard