Sexuality & Media – Ch3 | Test Bank – 2nd Edition

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Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Sexual content in the media has changed our culture by limiting access to private sexual imagery.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) One of the fundamental ways in which sexual content in the media has changed our culture is that more explicit sexual images are being shared in public.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Sexual content in the media has made explicit sex talk less acceptable in conversations.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Sexual imagery was far more "in your face" in the 1940s and 1950s than it is today.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Sex in pop culture has so far had no effect on public attitudes in our society.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) In complex modern societies, shared sexual imagery may flow from pop culture, art, mass social media, and the Internet.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Shared sexual images can be funny, sarcastic, angry, political, and even religious—all at the same time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Of all the media in pop culture that may truly transform sexual attitudes, none is more potentially powerful, holistic, and personal than television.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) By the 1940s and 1950s, television had evolved to include explicit discussion of premarital sex, extramarital affairs, recreational sex, out of wedlock birth, gay relationships, and other themes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Reality TV has promoted an adherence to traditional gender and sexual norms.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) The public nature of social networking sites allows people to openly express their opinions on many intimate subjects.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Social networking sites (SNSs) allow people to construct a public or semipublic profile.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) Social networking sites (SNSs) have reduced communication between people who live far apart.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Social networking sites (SNSs) have dramatically reduced sexual connectivity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) The Internet allows individuals to locate others who share the same sexual desires and thus create, among other things, their own online sexual communities.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) Online sexual socialization leads to an increased risk of children being exposed to sexual images early on in life.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) The use of the Internet for sexual expression makes the establishment of personal boundaries less necessary.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) Due to First Amendment protections, there are no legal restrictions on adult sexual content (ASC) on the Internet.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) Statistically, online dating is unlikely to result in any type of long-term relationship.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) The act of exchanging digital information, such as text messages, pictures, videos, and audio files, with the purpose of sexual arousal or simulated sexual intercourse, is known as kinky sex.

⊚ true
⊚ false

21) Online live adult sexual entertainment is a form of pornography.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
22) One of the fundamental ways in which sexual content in the media has changed our culture is that _____ has become public.

A) sexual consumerism
B) sexting
C) child pornography
D) private sexual imagery
E) soft pornography

23) Which of the following is a fundamental way in which sexual content in the media has changed our culture?

A) Sharing of private sexual imagery has become taboo.
B) Sharing of explicit sexual images has dramatically decreased.
C) Explicit sex talk in general conversation has become unacceptable.
D) Private sexual imagery has become public.
E) Societal attitudes about sexuality have remained unchanged.

24) Which of the following describes a fundamental way in which sexual content in the media has changed our culture?

A) Explicit sex talk has become unacceptable.
B) Sharing of explicit sexual images in public has declined.
C) More explicit sexual images are being shared in public.
D) Viewing of sexual content on the Internet has decreased.
E) Sexual content in the media has not influenced public attitudes about sexuality in society.

25) Identify a fundamental way in which sexual content in the media has changed our culture.

A) The frequency of sharing private sexual imagery has declined.
B) Explicit sex talk has become taboo in conversations.
C) It has led politicians to promote sex education in schools.
D) Sharing of explicit sexual images in public domains is restricted.
E) Explicit sex talk has become acceptable in many diverse conversations.

26) Which of the following is a fundamental way in which sexual content in the media has changed our culture?

A) It has transformed public attitudes about sexuality in society.
B) It has made explicit sex talk socially unacceptable.
C) It has influenced people to restrict the sharing of private sexual imagery.
D) It has made explicit sexual images less public.
E) It has made child pornography more socially acceptable.

27) The ad campaign for a new line of automobiles features images of scantily-clad models posing around the cars. This is an example of

A) soft pornography.
B) sexual consumerism.
C) virtual sex.
D) hard-core pornography.
E) sexting.

28) The use of famous pop musicians who are also sex symbols in TV advertisements and billboards is an example of

A) sexual socialization.
B) virtual sex.
C) sexting.
D) pornography.
E) sexual consumerism.

29) The use of sexuality to market and sell products to consumers is known as

A) sexual identity.
B) sexual consumerism.
C) sexual expression.
D) sexual conduct.
E) soft pornography.

30) Which of the following occurred after World War II and the advent of mass television?

A) TV networks reduced the broadcasting of sexual content.
B) Mass production of pornography began to decline.
C) Sex became increasingly common in the public content of TV shows.
D) The public began to lose interest in the sex scandals of political figures.
E) Politicians promoted explicit media campaigns related to HIV and safer sex.

31) Sexual culture and communication in all cultures involves _____, whether real or imagined, visual or auditory—the content of which contains explicit or hidden sexual messages.

A) hard pornography
B) shared sexual images
C) sexual consumerism
D) private sexual imagery
E) pornification

32) _____ can range from the sublime to the ridiculous.

A) SNSs
B) Virtual sex
C) Sexual consumerism
D) Pornography
E) Shared sexual images

33) In the past 100 years, the media have helped to break down taboos and created

A) online avatars.
B) restrictions on sexual expressions.
C) sexual surrogates.
D) new shared visual imagery.
E) pin-up girls.

34) The main reason that advertisers use sexual imagery in their advertising campaigns is because such imagery

A) can produce strong physiological reactions.
B) makes them look edgy.
C) is necessary to sell the vast majority of products.
D) is the only way to stand out in advertising.
E) is commonplace nowadays.

35) Of all the media in pop culture that may truly transform sexual attitudes, none is more potentially powerful, holistic, and personal than

A) popular music.
B) personal ads.
C) soft pornography.
D) social networking sites.
E) avatars.

36) _____ has/have the impact, as does touch and smell, to arouse deeply felt feelings and desires—even years later.

A) Pheromones
B) A sex symbol
C) Virtual sex
D) Music
E) Kinky sex

37) _____ is the auditory way in which a culture fashions what is beautiful or ugly and significant of sexual love.

A) Social media
B) Music
C) Literature
D) Virtual sex
E) Pornification

38) _____ erases the boundary between what is outside and public in the culture and what is private and inside the individual.

A) Popular science
B) Literature
C) Dance
D) Music
E) Social media

39) Music is so entwined with sex that musicians themselves become

A) sex symbols.
B) avatars.
C) Internet memes.
D) pin-up girls.
E) porn stars.

40) _____ are websites dedicated to celebrities and their sexual and romantic lives.

A) Fan clubs
B) Social networking sites
C) Online dating sites
D) Pornographic websites
E) Sex symbols

41) Why did the censoring and rating of films begin, in 1934?

A) People realized that films had no effect on sexuality.
B) People began to realize that the quality of films was slowly deteriorating.
C) All the films produced in that era contained explicit sexual imagery.
D) The films produced at the time did not contain any sexual content or imagery.
E) People began to realize the influence movies could have on sexuality.

42) Why were TV shows that were made between 1950 and 1970, especially sitcoms, subject to heavy censorship?

A) because the shows were of poor quality
B) because of the rigid sexual and gender norms of the times
C) because displaying sexual imagery was illegal
D) because of the explicit sexual images that were displayed in all the shows
E) because it was acceptable to show explicit sexual imagery on TV

43) Which of the following is true of TV sitcoms made in the 1950s and 1960s?

A) Explicit sexual content was shown.
B) Network censorship had not yet begun.
C) Network censors sanitized sexuality.
D) There was no adherence to rigid gender and sexual norms.
E) Raw imagery of real people was shown.

44) By allowing people to upload personal images and home videos to social media websites such as YouTube and Facebook, the Internet has

A) encouraged rigorous censorship by the cable television networks.
B) created a clear-cut boundary between the private and public sexual imagery.
C) discouraged people from sharing their private lives.
D) erased the boundary between what was public and private.
E) promoted adherence to strict sexual and gender norms.

45) Images from television shows and movies, however transformative, can't match the impact of _____ on sexuality.

A) magazines
B) chat lines
C) the Internet
D) strip clubs
E) advertising

46) _____ is one of the greatest advances in media technology because it enables us to learn, teach, enrich, connect, and extend ourselves directly and emotionally with others on a global scale, anytime, anywhere.

A) Sexual consumerism
B) Shared sexual imagery
C) Theatre
D) Music
E) The Internet

47) Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?

A) It encouraged networks censors to begin censoring and rating films.
B) It began with research on artificial intelligence.
C) It ushered in the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the American middle class.
D) It reduced sharing of private sexual imagery.
E) It restricted communication on a global level.

48) Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?

A) It transformed our society into the "Age of Information."
B) It encouraged rigid sexual and gender norms in society.
C) It hampered communication on a global scale.
D) It reduced the availability and production of pornography.
E) It led to a decline in sexual consumerism.

49) Which of the following statements about social networking sites (SNSs) like YouTube, Snapchat, and Facebook is true?

A) Opinions and reactions expressed on SNSs are only viewable by the user who wrote it.
B) SNSs are very private and secure places to store personal information.
C) Opinions and reactions expressed on SNSs are public and are open to response.
D) SNSs are places where people can go to view explicit sexual imagery.
E) Users are not allowed to express their thoughts and opinions on SNSs.

50) _____ have embraced the Internet and social media to connect with existing friends and make new ones.

A) People born in the 1950s and 1960s who were subject to strict gender norms
B) People born in the 1970s and 1980s who led the sexual liberation movement
C) Young people who have never known life without computers
D) Old, retired individuals
E) Young people who have never operated computers

51) Why are people able to express their opinions openly on many intimate subjects on social networking sites?

A) Their opinions can only be viewed by close family members.
B) Their opinions are not open to public response.
C) It is due to the explicit sexual content available on these websites.
D) It is due to the level of privacy offered by these websites.
E) It is due to the public nature of these websites.

52) Which of the following is a drawback of the openness of the Internet?

A) It's hard to share private thoughts and images with people.
B) It's easy for people to misrepresent themselves.
C) It's easy to maintain confidentiality.
D) It's hard to maintain an anonymous online presence.
E) The sharing of private sexual images is restricted.

53) _____ has definitely expanded ordinary people's access to the knowledge, skills, and behaviors that lead to healthy sexuality.

A) Kinky sex
B) Pornography
C) Virtual sex
D) The Internet
E) Shared sexual imagery

54) _____ has become a practical social tool in a time when so many pressures compete for our attention.

A) The Internet
B) Virtual sex
C) Soft pornography
D) Sharing sexual imagery
E) Sexual consumerism

55) Which of the following is an advantage of using the Internet?

A) It makes explicit sexual images easily available to children.
B) It allows individuals to locate others who share the same sexual desires.
C) It allows people to easily share and distribute sexual images that feature underage minors.
D) It makes it easy for online predators and pedophiles to prey on children.
E) It makes private and personal information readily available to strangers.

56) World of Warcraft is game that allows people to create virtual identities and meet and form relationships with other players who are located all over the world. This is an example of

A) a sex game.
B) an online interactive game.
C) sexting.
D) pornography.
E) sexual consumerism.

57) _____ encourage exploration and experimentation because they allow people to create virtual or "pretend" identities different from what they have in everyday life.

A) Torrent websites
B) Online forums
C) Social networking websites
D) Online interactive games
E) Soft pornography sites

58) A positive way to use the Internet is to use it to

A) share confidential information in public forums.
B) learn how to protect ourselves both online and in the real world.
C) make explicit sexual content available to minors.
D) facilitate distribution of child pornography.
E) learn how to share private sexual imagery with strangers.

59) Experts believe that, in general, the Internet

A) is a negative force that harms people.
B) makes information less accessible on a global scale.
C) hampers long-distance communication.
D) is a neutral force that does not affect people's lives.
E) has both positive and negative features that create new opportunities.

60) _____ has accelerated the trend toward the infusion of pornography into pop culture.

A) The Internet
B) Television
C) Music
D) Art
E) Film

61) Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?

A) It has reduced world-wide access to pornography.
B) It has removed sexual imagery from pop culture.
C) It has created worldwide access to pornography.
D) It has led to total censorship of pornographic materials.
E) It has made pornography available to a small section of the population.

62) Which of the following represent(s) a negative influence of the Internet?

A) online dating
B) cyberbullying
C) virtual relationships
D) sexual consumerism
E) virtual sex

63) Identify a negative influence of the Internet.

A) online dating
B) sexual expression
C) sexual consumerism
D) fake information
E) virtual sex

64) Which of the following represent(s) a negative influence of the Internet?

A) sexual individuality
B) kinky sex
C) online social networking
D) online communities
E) online predators

65) _____ is defined as sexual activity through communication by computer.

A) Kinky sex
B) Soft pornography
C) Shared sexual imagery
D) Virtual sex
E) Hard-core pornography

66) _____ has become the single largest force for sexual literacy in young people's lives.

A) Popular music
B) The Internet
C) Television
D) Radio
E) Literature

67) Which of the following is true of microcelebrities?

A) They make a living by creating videos and posting them online on sites such as YouTube.
B) They become famous by purchasing ad space on various social networking sites.
C) They are well known because of the bit parts they played as child actors.
D) Their fame is always overshadowed by some type of online campaign against them.
E) They became famous before the advent of the Internet and do not have much of an online presence.

68) An avid viewer of Laci Green's YouTube channel Sex Plus feels like she knows Laci personally, despite the fact that she has never met Laci and Laci does not know her. This reflects the social concept of

A) strange familiarity.
B) microcelebrity.
C) virtual reality.
D) online alter egos.
E) anonymous consumerism.

69) _____ allow people to form online relationships, for business and pleasure, creating networks that encompass friends and sexual and romantic interests.

A) Personal blogs
B) Video blogs
C) Entertainment websites
D) Social networking sites
E) News sites

70) Which of the following is a main characteristic of social networking sites?

A) They allow people to construct a public or semipublic profile.
B) They work as an open-source platform for free information sharing.
C) They broadcast the latest local and international news.
D) They allow people to have access to explicit sexual content online.
E) They offer people a private and secure place to express their thoughts and feelings.

71) Which of the following is a main characteristic of social networking sites?

A) They are an online forum people access in order to take part in a particular discussion.
B) They offer a secure place to store confidential information.
C) They offer the user a list of other users with whom they share a connection.
D) They offer a list of articles and posts on diverse topics.
E) They provide free information on sexuality education and sexual health.

72) Which of the following is a main characteristic of social networking sites?

A) They post articles and news on various topics.
B) They offer a safe and secure storage space for private information.
C) They allow users to view explicit sexual content.
D) They give users a private place to engage in virtual sex.
E) They allow people to view other people's networks.

73) On the professional level, _____ have opened new opportunities for work and career development.

A) personal online blogs
B) social networking sites
C) pornographic sites
D) news sites
E) torrent sites

74) On the political level, _____ have exposed backroom politics and closed nations to outside scrutiny.

A) online shopping sites
B) news sites
C) media and entertainment sites
D) social networking sites
E) pornographic websites

75) The practice of sharing explicit sexual images of oneself through the Internet is known as

A) sexting.
B) sexual consumerism.
C) virtual sex.
D) social networking.
E) kinky sex.

76) Historically, _____ was intensely private, largely restricted to the family, and generally considered the province of personal morality.

A) general socialization
B) shared sexual imagery
C) sexual socialization
D) sexting
E) sexual consumerism

77) Kathy photographed herself in nude, erotic poses in front of a mirror and emailed the pictures to her boyfriend. Which of the following was Kathy engaging in?

A) soft pornography
B) virtual sex
C) sexting
D) kinky sex
E) hard-core pornography

78) Laura sent sexually explicit images of herself via the Internet to her boyfriend. After they broke up, her boyfriend distributed these images, without her consent, to all their friends and classmates. This illustrates one of the dangers of

A) avatars.
B) kinky sex.
C) pornography.
D) sexting.
E) sexual consumerism.

79) One risk with online _____ is the ready availability of sexually explicit images, including pornography, especially as compared to the past.

A) sexual consumerism
B) virtual sex
C) sexual socialization
D) sexting
E) avatars

80) Which of the following is a risk of online sexual socialization?

A) the lack of sexually explicit content for adults
B) the exposure of children to sexually explicit content online
C) the increased incidence of virtual sex between consenting adults
D) sexting between long-time partners and friends
E) easy availability of information related to sex education and sexual health

81) Identify the positive aspect of online sexual socialization.

A) people using the Internet to distribute child pornography
B) people using the Internet to find out about sex
C) children viewing explicit sexual content online
D) people sending someone's sexual texts to others without consent
E) people becoming less inclined to share sexually explicit images

82) Which of the following is a risk of being sexual online?

A) There is limited access to pornography.
B) The information that people post will not be easily available to others who are online.
C) The Internet offers information about sexual health.
D) The information that people post can be easily lost.
E) The information that people post is available for everyone to see.

83) Playing a sexually explicit computer game is a form of

A) kinky sex.
B) sadomasochism.
C) virtual sex.
D) sexual individuality.
E) sexual consumerism.

84) Identify the effect that the Internet has on sexual individuality.

A) It has no effect on a person's sexual individuality.
B) It does not allow people to explore their sexual individuality.
C) It allows people to change their sexual individuality if they want to.
D) It homogenizes people's sexual individuality.
E) It encourages people to adhere to traditional gender and sexual norms.

85) Why are online boundaries important?

A) They help sexual predators seek out their victims.
B) They help people keep their own attitudes and tastes in perspective.
C) They block communication between people online.
D) They encourage people to share their private information with strangers.
E) They encourage people to accept any online information as fact.

86) Identify the challenge presented by online dating.

A) People meet potential partners from diverse social backgrounds.
B) People can engage in long-distance relationships.
C) People who don't have time to go out can't engage in online relationships.
D) Shy people don't feel comfortable forming online relationships.
E) People are not able to see their partner in person and can be more easily deceived.

87) _____ are a radical manifestation of how sexual individuality can influence virtual reality.

A) Pin-up girls
B) Internet memes
C) Avatars
D) Sex symbols
E) Sexual text messages

88) Steven is a huge fan of a massive multiplayer online role-playing game. He has created a virtual character that he has customized it to his tastes. The character is similar to an alter ego that he uses to play the game. Steven's virtual character is an example of

A) a pin-up girl.
B) a sex symbol.
C) an avatar.
D) kinky sex.
E) sexual consumerism.

89) _____ refers to a form of sexual interaction that may involve pain and ritual rules, pushing sexuality to the extreme.

A) Soft pornography
B) Kinky sex
C) Hard-core pornography
D) Virtual sex
E) Sexting

90) Which of the following is a legal requirement for sexually explicit websites?

A) Users are required to indicate that they are minors.
B) Users are required to register on the site before viewing the content.
C) Users must pay to be allowed access to the site.
D) Users are required to indicate that they are at least 18 years old or older.
E) Users are required to indicate their sex in order to be allowed full access to the site.

91) _____ refers to any form of media used to create sexual arousal, especially for commercial purposes.

A) Virtual sex
B) Pornography
C) Kinky sex
D) Shared sexual imagery
E) Avatar

92) _____ refers to nude images that do not depict penetrative sex scenes.

A) Sex symbol
B) Kinky sex
C) Hard-core pornography
D) Virtual sex
E) Soft pornography

93) S&M is a magazine that features nude images of women in erotic poses. It does not display any penetrative sex scenes. This is an example of

A) virtual sex.
B) hard-core pornography.
C) sexting.
D) soft pornography.
E) kinky sex.

94) _____ refers to nude images that depict penetrative sex and aggressive, raw sexual interactions between adults.

A) Soft pornography
B) Virtual sex
C) Hard-core pornography
D) Kinky sex
E) Sex symbol

95) Turning sexual images in popular culture into porn even when they are not pornographic is known as

A) pornification.
B) sexual consumerism.
C) sexual individuality.
D) sexual socialization.
E) kinky sex.

96) Which of the following statements about online live adult sexual entertainment is true?

A) People pay individuals to have online sexual communications and interactions to satisfy their own sexual individuality.
B) It is a form of hard-core pornography that is illegal in most of the United States.
C) It generally consists of static, mass-produced images or videos, and the commercial product is not made for or connected to individuals.
D) The entertainer and the client usually have a personal relationship that began in person.
E) Actual sexual contact and socializing, at an increased price, is usually an option.

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
97) The use of sexuality to market and sell products is referred to as sexual ______.

98) Online communication channels devoted to user-based input, interaction, collaboration, and sharing of content is collectively known as _____.

99) The feeling like you know a YouTube star intimately without that person even knowing who you are is a function of the social concept of ______ familiarity.

100) _____ have greatly expanded since their origin in the 1990s and have increased our ability to connect emotionally and even physically to other people all over the world at any time of the day or night.

101) When people share highly explicit sexual images of themselves over the Internet, they have participated in ______.

102) When someone engages in a sexual encounter with someone outside of a romantic or committed relationship, it is referred to as _____ up.

103) _____ enable each of us to check whether our reactions to others are within the limits that we impose on ourselves and on others.

104) A(n) _____ is an online representation or alter ego for someone playing a computer game.

105) Making everyday sexual images available to anyone, even when the material is not for sale or is not strictly pornographic, is known as _____.

106) A person who expresses gender behaviors that vary from the norm may be referred to as _____.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
107) Describe the ways in which sexual content in the media has fundamentally changed our culture.

108) Describe how sexual content in the media has led to increased sharing of explicit sexual images in public. Provide an example using a popular advertisement you've seen on TV to illustrate your point.

109) Explain the effect that popular music has on sexual attitudes. Provide an example, using a popular song or video to illustrate your point.

110) Describe the effect of reality TV and cable television on depictions of sexual imagery. Provide an example, using a popular reality TV show to illustrate your point.

111) Describe how the Internet has both positively and negatively affected sexuality and sexual expression in society.

112) Describe how microcelebrities can play a critical role in the sexual education of young people.

113) Describe online boundaries and their importance.

114) What is the difference between soft pornography and hard-core pornography? In your estimation, is one "worse" than the other? Why or why not?

115) What is online adult sexual entertainment?

116) How has the Internet impacted the transgender community?