Ch2 – Cultural & Religious Contexts | Complete Test Bank

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Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) The essence of our species can be passed on through evolution and procreation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) Adolescent male bonobo chimpanzees leave their group to find mates and to create new patriarchal groups.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Homosexuality was an exclusive sexual practice in ancient Greece.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Early Islamic civilization professed values of male sexual honor and female virginity before marriage.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) In the 19thcentury, as the first women's emancipation movement gathered momentum, children came to be deemed as sexual creatures in their own right.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) Sexual cultures function today as a way of both helping people to adapt to their environments and controlling their social relationships.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) A sexual norm remains constant across culture.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Differences in sexual norms decrease diversity in sexual behavior.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) The practice of placing behavior in context is known as cultural relativism.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Sexual chauvinism has a positive effect on sexual well-being.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) In sex-approving cultures, young people tend to learn about sexuality by observation and then exploration.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Sexual unlearning is less common in societies that undergo rapid change.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) A core belief of most world religions is that human sexuality is a product of human design.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Homosexuality is not taboo in Buddhism, and the general public is often encouraged to get involved in same-sex relationships.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) Early Judaic law makes it clear that a husband and wife should consider sex to be a pleasurable activity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) The Muslim cultures in Turkey and Morocco tend to treat women and men equally, as well as tolerating discreetly expressed homosexuality.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) The Puritan society in the United States enjoyed mutual sexual pleasure in their intimate relationships and marriages.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) At present, all Christian groups in the United States are supportive of women holding high positions such as that of the clergy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) When someone is ostracized from more than one community of faith, they are said to be facing a double stigma.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) In order to be sexually literate, one must understand that religious faith and practice can coexist with sexual desires, behavior, and identity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21) Which of the following is one of the unique traits typically associated with human sexuality?

A) Human beings indulge in sexual activities solely for procreation.
B) Human beings indulge in sexual activities only during certain seasons.
C) Human beings pursue sex for fun and pleasure.
D) Culture has no influence over human sexuality.
E) Sexual intercourse among humans is devoid of any form of emotional bond.

22) The human sexual triangle consists of three elements, each of which contributes to human sexuality. Which of the following is one of these basic elements?

A) sexual chauvinism
B) individuality
C) ethnocentrism
D) collective narcissism
E) sinocentrism

23) The unique traits related to human sexuality come from the combination of three elements: our species, _____, and individuality.

A) sexual chauvinism
B) culture
C) ethnocentrism
D) collective narcissism
E) sinocentrism

24) Which of the following is a unique trait associated with bonobo chimpanzees?

A) They are not peaceable.
B) They are matriarchal.
C) The males are dominant.
D) The females are sexually active once a year.
E) They procreate once every year.

25) In the context of sexual behavior, which of the following is true of bonobo chimpanzees?

A) Bonobo females are sexually active only once a year.
B) The average bonobo sexual episode typically lasts only 13 seconds.
C) Bonobo chimpanzees refrain from having sex during the estrus period.
D) Bonobo chimpanzees indulge only in anal sex.
E) Bonobo chimpanzees procreate twice every year.

26) Which of the following bonobo sexual behaviors closely resembles that of humans?

A) Bonobo chimpanzees indulge in face-to-face intercourse.
B) The average bonobo sexual episode typically lasts 15 minutes.
C) Bonobo chimpanzees refrain from having sex during the estrus period.
D) Bonobo chimpanzees indulge only in anal sex.
E) Bonobo chimpanzees procreate twice every year.

27) Which of the following is one of the factors that differentiate humans from bonobos?

A) absence of orgasm during sexual intercourse
B) absence of an estrus period among females
C) indulgence in face-to-face genital sex
D) diversity of sexual behaviors
E) indulgence in sex for pleasure

28) The bonobo chimpanzees' indulgence in sex is likely to be highest

A) when the female is in estrus.
B) when the male wants to assert his superiority.
C) when the female conceives.
D) when the female menstruates.
E) when the male wants to procreate.

29) Which of the following best defines the estrus period?

A) It is the stage in which the fetus forms either male or female genitals depending on the chromosomal combination.
B) It is the point at which a woman stops producing luteinizing hormone.
C) It is the recurring time when a female ovulates and is most receptive to becoming pregnant.
D) It is the state after ejaculation in men in which the penis becomes soft and loses its erection.
E) It is the period after resolution in men when they are sexually active.

30) Which of the following is true of the estrus period in humans?

A) The genitals swell up during estrus.
B) Humans lose blood during the estrus period.
C) The uterine lining is shed during the estrus period.
D) The estrus period is concealed in humans.
E) The body stops producing FSH estrus.

31) Pair bonding is best defined as

A) the principle that gives people a sense of group cohesion.
B) the blend of biology and culture working together to produce sexual behavior.
C) the shared beliefs among humans regarding death and immortality.
D) the unique sense of self that man has within the context of culture.
E) the sexual and romantic association between two people.

32) Language and culture have

A) clouded our shared cultural knowledge.
B) made human adaptation more efficient.
C) led to the loss of a sense of finite time.
D) decreased the practice of mating.
E) reduced instances of pair-bonding.

33) _____ specifically refers to the phenomenon of females wanting to mate with the person who will provide strong genes for their offspring.

A) Mating
B) Nesting
C) Inbreeding
D) Linebreeding
E) Reproducing

34) Cave paintings, carvings, statues, and tools of the period between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago provide evidence that in that ancient age,

A) sexual activities among humans were devoid of any emotional bonding.
B) humans indulged in sexual activities purely for the purpose of procreation.
C) humans indulged in sexual activities only during the estrus period of the female.
D) sexual pleasure was a prominent part of human sexual nature.
E) culture had no influence over human sexual behavior.

35) Prehistoric art directly connects sex with

A) supernatural activities.
B) parapsychology.
C) spirituality.
D) pseudoscience.
E) psychokinesis.

36) Beginning several thousand years ago when Hinduism took hold in India,

A) same-sex relationships were given more importance than heterosexual relationships.
B) sexual activities were mainly associated with procreation and not with pleasure.
C) mutual sexual satisfaction for both men and women took on greater meaning.
D) the idea of geisha, beautiful female companions for men, originated.
E) sex was mainly considered bad for health, and so men and women were segregated.

37) In the context of Buddhism, which of the following is true?

A) Buddhism believes that sex is bad for health and advises its followers to abstain from sex.
B) Buddhism accepts a broad spectrum of sexual expression, so long as it is not excessive.
C) Buddhism is strongly against same-sex relationships and considers them to be an unforgivable sin.
D) Buddhism believes that one should indulge in sex only for the purpose of procreation and not for pleasure.
E) Buddhism celebrates female fertility and strongly preaches the idea of a matriarchal society.

38) Which of the following sexual practices is closely associated with China's traditional culture?

A) Sexual practices were designed to heal the body.
B) Sexual practices were devoid of mutual pleasure.
C) Sexual practices were for the sole purpose of procreation.
D) Sexual practices were common only during the estrus period.
E) Sexual practices were devoid of emotional bonding.

39) Ancient Greek civilization dates from 800 BCE until 197 CE when it was incorporated into the Roman Empire. The Greeks practiced a complex form of sexuality and love that

A) placed emphasis on the power of women over men.
B) considered sex in excess to be good for health.
C) encouraged indulgence in sexual pleasure tempered with restraint.
D) encouraged people to indulge in sex only for the purpose of procreation.
E) was strictly against all forms of same-sex relationships.

40) In ancient Greece, young teens had to undergo certain rituals to achieve masculinity and honor as well as to cultivate self-discipline and leadership. Which of the following is one of the rituals associated with this process?

A) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with married women.
B) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with older males.
C) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with women in their late teens.
D) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with a geisha.
E) Young men in their late teens had sexual relations with younger males.

41) During the time of Emperor Augustus (63 BCE to 14 CE), all sex with slaves and prostitutes, especially same-sex relationships, were outlawed in Rome. Which of the following was the primary reason for this measure?

A) to ensure that Greek traditions, including the Greek gods and religious beliefs and sexual practices, would be re-established
B) to ensure that Rome's powerful families did not become "weakened" by disputes over property from the offspring of "inferiors"
C) to ensure that people indulged in sexual activities for the sole purpose of strengthening the Roman population
D) to ensure that mutual sexual satisfaction for both men and women took on greater meaning
E) to ensure that contraceptive measures were effectively employed so that the population explosion could be kept under control

42) During the period of 500 to 1500 CE, which of the following was strictly labeled as "sodomy" under Christianity?

A) sex between people of the same culture
B) sex between men and women
C) indulgence in oral sex
D) indulgence in conjugal sex
E) sex between people of same religion

43) Why are Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all referred to as the "Abrahamic" religions?

A) because they share a common geography and history
B) because they prohibit indulgence in oral sex
C) because they share a common deity
D) because they believe in many gods
E) because they all prohibit polygamous relations

44) One area related to beliefs about sexual pleasure in which the ancient Muslim East diverged from the ancient Christian West was that Muslims

A) encouraged marriage between individuals of different cultures.
B) believed that it was a husband's duty to pleasure his wife sexually.
C) believed that sexual pleasure should solely be centered on the man.
D) discouraged indulging in sexual activities for pleasure.
E) were against institutions like marriage and family and encouraged free sex.

45) The term chivalry, associated with Christian knights connected to the Crusades, mainly encourages

A) sexual promiscuity.
B) valor in women.
C) purity of the body.
D) homosexuality.
E) solipsism.

46) Which of the following instances primarily challenged the Roman Catholic Church and the power of clerics in the 14th century?

A) rise of Hinduism in the East
B) establishment of the Holy Inquisition
C) new discoveries in science and astronomy
D) popularity of Buddhism
E) fall of the Roman Empire

47) What was the primary reason behind the persecution of Italian physicist Galileo Galilei?

A) Galileo propagated evolutionary theory, which contradicted the teachings of the Church.
B) Galileo propagated the theory that the earth rotates around the sun, which contradicted the Church's view of the heavens as unchanging.
C) Galileo propagated the theory that man originated from apes and rejected the Church's idea that God created man.
D) Galileo supported and encouraged the concept of homosexuality, which was labeled a sin by the Church.
E) Galileo was a pagan and preached the idea that the sun was the most powerful force in the universe and everything else revolved around the sun.

48) Which of the following was an important event of the 19thcentury?

A) Mechanisms to control disease, including sexual "diseases," were established in the United States.
B) All forms of prostitution were legalized by the U.S. government.
C) The legal constraints on homosexuality were lifted in the United States.
D) Gay marriages were made legal in the United States.
E) Religious institutions were restricted from opposing inter-caste marriages in the United States.

49) In the context of the Victorian era, which of the following is true?

A) Children were encouraged to explore and assert their sexual identity.
B) Women were free to indulge in sex for pleasure apart from the purpose of procreation.
C) The genders were highly polarized, and this was expressed in male and female sexuality.
D) Women were expected to be sexually aggressive and to be expressive of their "sex drives."
E) All forms of prostitution and homosexuality were made legal.

50) In the late 19thcentury, men increasingly went to pubs, joined secret male societies or Christian purity movements, and sought the solidarity of other men. Which of the following was the primary reason behind this trend?

A) the rise of women's demands for equality, which was threatening to masculinity
B) the repressive measures taken toward homosexuals by the federal government
C) the increasing visibility of heterosexuals, which was threatening to masculinity
D) the emergence of the Boys Scouts, which was not supported by the female population
E) a desire to break free of the notions that required men to be sexually aggressive

51) In the 1930s and 1940s, massive migrations due to the Great Depression and then war heavily impacted gender roles. Which of the following is one of the most prominent changes typically associated with this period?

A) Women came to be more in favor of homosexual relations than heterosexual liaisons.
B) Women held jobs previously considered exclusive to men, such as those of factory workers.
C) Women were restricted from expressing sexual pleasure and were even considered abnormal if they enjoyed sex.
D) Men were increasingly encouraged to be sexually aggressive and express their innate "sex drives."
E) Men increasingly joined Christian purity movements in droves, seeking the solidarity of other men.

52) Sexual culture is the

A) standard of sexual behavior expected of a particular person in a specific role.
B) system that trains people from infancy to adulthood to follow a particular sexual code of conduct.
C) self-identification of an individual as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual.
D) inner sense of deep belief in an ultimate reality that is held by every individual.
E) specific expectations for sexual behavior that various cultures have built into their roles and institutions.

53) A(n) _____ is best defined as the standard of sexual behavior expected of people in a particular role, relationship, and situation.

A) ethical sexuality
B) sexual norm
C) sexual appetite
D) sexual selection
E) moral sexuality

54) People's expectations form the ideal blueprint of a sexual culture and are put into practice through

A) sexual norms.
B) sexual fantasies.
C) sexual chauvinism.
D) sexual identities.
E) sexual unlearning.

55) Sexual socialization is best defined as the process

A) that encourages one to come in terms with one's sexual identity.
B) of training people from infancy to adulthood to inculcate a standard sexual behavior.
C) of setting standards of sexual behavior expected of people in a particular role, relationship, and situation.
D) of studying sexual behavior by placing it in context.
E) that leads to the establishment of the belief that one's sexual culture is superior to others'.

56) Which of the following is the major factor behind the presence of diversity in sexual behavior across culture?

A) existence of cultural chauvinism
B) practice of sexual relativism
C) different sexual norms
D) presence of sexual chauvinism
E) polygamous relations

57) The tendency of judging another group's behavior as inferior when compared against the standards of the group one belongs to is referred to as

A) cultural relativism.
B) egalitarian behavior.
C) cultural chauvinism.
D) sexual culture.
E) a sexual norm.

58) Which of the following is an example of an instance of cultural chauvinism?

A) A parent kisses a child on the head.
B) Two individuals engage in oral sex.
C) A man supports polygamy.
D) A man looks down on cultures that permit homosexuality.
E) Two individuals of the same sex get married.

59) The belief that one's own sexual culture is superior to that of others is specifically referred to as

A) cultural relativism.
B) egalitarian behavior.
C) sexual chauvinism.
D) sexual culture.
E) following a sexual norm.

60) Which of the following is a practice that one should adhere to in order to avoid being disrespectful toward other sexual cultures?

A) One should engage in the sexual norms or practices of other sexual cultures.
B) One should not disagree with any aspects of the other sexual cultures.
C) One should adapt one's own personal sexual style, beliefs, and behavior to situations where others are very different.
D) One should assume a person has certain sexual norms if he or she belongs to a specific ethnic group.
E) One should know everything there is about different sexual cultures throughout the world.

61) In sex-approving cultures, young people are most likely to learn about sexuality

A) through the process of sexual unlearning.
B) from religious texts.
C) in secret houses built for initiation into adulthood.
D) by observing, and then exploring.
E) from religious ministers.

62) The four different types of sexual cultures that exist around the globe include each of the following EXCEPT

A) abstinent.
B) encouraging.
C) disapproving.
D) approving.
E) oppressive.

63) In the context of sexual socialization, one striking difference between sex-approving cultures and sex-disapproving cultures is that in the latter,

A) instances of sexual unlearning are more common.
B) instances of learning about sexuality by observation are more common.
C) instances of sexual chauvinism are less common.
D) instances of cultural chauvinism are less common.
E) polygamous relations are nonexistent.

64) Sexual unlearning is best defined as the pattern of sexual socialization in which an individual

A) is taught that certain behaviors to which they have naturally been accustomed to are considered abnormal in their culture.
B) learns that one should engage in the sexual norms or practices of other sexual cultures in order to show one's respect for that culture.
C) is encouraged to come in terms with his or her sexual identity—that of being either homosexual or heterosexual.
D) is taught to believe that his or her sexual culture is superior to that of others.
E) of a sex-approving culture learns about sexuality by observation, and then exploration.

65) During our childhood, we are not typically prohibited from running around nude. However, as we grow up, we are taught that it is considered abnormal to be nude in public. This type of sexual socialization is specifically referred to as

A) sexual chauvinism.
B) sexual unlearning.
C) cultural relativism.
D) sexual relativism.
E) cultural selection.

66) Sexual unlearning is likely to be most common in societies that are

A) sex-positive.
B) static.
C) sex-negative.
D) stable.
E) sex-approving.

67) Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relationship between sexual literacy and sexual unlearning?

A) Sexual literacy may involve unlearning norms acquired in disapproving cultures.
B) Sexual literacy and sexual unlearning are unrelated.
C) Sexual unlearning is necessary for those in permissive cultures to obtain sexual literacy.
D) One cannot have sexual literacy without sexual unlearning.
E) The process of sexual unlearning blocks the ability to obtain sexual literacy.

68) The religious practice of worshiping many gods is referred to as

A) monotheism.
B) polytheism.
C) atheism.
D) adevism.
E) empiricism.

69) _____ are followers of a polytheistic religion.

A) Protestants
B) Muslims
C) Hindus
D) Roman Catholics
E) Anglicans

70) The belief in one God is referred to as

A) monotheism.
B) polytheism.
C) atheism.
D) adevism.
E) empiricism.

71) Judaism and Islam are examples of

A) polytheistic religions.
B) atheistic religions.
C) monotheistic religions.
D) Vedic religions.
E) ancient Semitic religions.

72) In general, compared to monotheistic religions, polytheistic religions are more

A) sex-approving.
B) approving of worshiping just one deity.
C) sex-negative.
D) approving of sexual chauvinism.
E) sex-disapproving.

73) In general, compared to polytheistic religions, monotheistic religions are

A) more sex-approving.
B) more approving of the worship of multiple deities.
C) less sex-negative.
D) less approving of sexual chauvinism.
E) less sex-approving.

74) Whether a religion is polytheistic or monotheistic

A) has no influence over people's sense of reality as a community.
B) influences people's attitude toward sex to some extent.
C) has little relation to the number of deities the followers worship.
D) has no effect on the sexual socialization process of a community.
E) has a strong influence on the estrus period.

75) Religious identity is best defined as the

A) self-identification and subsequent acceptance of one's existence as a heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual.
B) social expression of an individual's faith in the context of one's community and nation.
C) social expression of the strong belief that one's sexual culture is superior to that of others.
D) act of embracing the morally upright and socially strict beliefs and practices of the Puritans.
E) social expression of the strong belief in the superiority of one's cultural norms.

76) Regarding religious identity, which of the following is typically true?

A) It is isolated from the political affairs of a nation.
B) It has little relation to the sexual culture to which one belongs.
C) It has no influence over people's sense of reality as a community.
D) It influences how people raise their families.
E) It has no role in the way people view their sexual identity.

77) Regarding present-day societies practicing Hinduism, which of the following is true?

A) They encourage the open discussion of matters related to sex.
B) They strongly disapprove of premarital sex.
C) They condemn the indulgence in sex for recreation.
D) They strongly prohibit the use of contraception.
E) They prohibit people from getting divorced.

78) Which of the following is true of Buddhism?

A) It discourages the discussion of matters related to sex.
B) Unlike Hinduism, it approves of premarital sex.
C) It does not support abortion, as abortion disrupts harmony.
D) It strongly prohibits the use of contraception.
E) It prohibits people from getting divorced.

79) Regarding Judaism, which of the following is true?

A) It teaches that masturbation is healthy.
B) Unlike Islam, it approves of premarital sex.
C) It prohibits abortion, irrespective of the circumstances.
D) It traditionally opposed birth control.
E) It prohibits people from getting divorced.

80) Regarding Islam, which of the following is true?

A) It encourages the discussion of matters related to sex.
B) Unlike Hinduism, it approves of premarital sex.
C) It does not accept abortion and negatively views contraception.
D) It does not allow divorce under any circumstance.
E) It approves of homosexuality and considers it healthy.

81) In the context of present-day societies practicing Christianity, which of the following is true?

A) All Christian communities prohibit the discussion of matters related to sex.
B) All Christian communities consider premarital sex to be a sin.
C) Catholics support abortion, but Protestants are against abortion
D) Catholics do not tolerate divorce, but Protestants are more supportive.
E) All Christian communities forbid adulterous relations.

82) Hindu tradition is exceptional in its acceptance of

A) pleasure and sexuality.
B) premarital sex.
C) homosexuality.
D) abortion and contraception.
E) matriarchal society.

83) Hindu philosophy is based on the view that it is natural for

A) women to ask for a divorce when husbands indulge in adultery.
B) people to indulge in homosexuality.
C) women to lose their virginity before marriage.
D) people to want pleasure.
E) women to opt for abortion.

84) In the context of Hinduism, which of the following is one of the guidelines related to sex?

A) Ultimate pleasure without any restraint is valued.
B) Sex is a taboo and not discussed openly in the home.
C) Women are not expected to be virgins when they marry.
D) Same-sex sexual desire is considered immoral.
E) Women are encouraged to tolerate adultery to save their marriage.

85) In general, Buddhism

A) approves of non-vegetarianism.
B) approves of premarital sex.
C) prohibits abortion.
D) encourages mutual pleasure between spouses.
E) does not tolerate homosexuality.

86) According to the Torah, Judaism's most holy text,

A) the sole purpose of sex is procreation.
B) one ought to indulge in sex for pleasure.
C) premarital sex is acceptable.
D) masturbation is a healthy practice.
E) homosexual relations should be encouraged.

87) Reform Judaism differs from the Orthodox Jewish tradition in its

A) stringent dietary rules.
B) greater acceptance of sexual pleasure.
C) abhorrence of same-sex relationships.
D) practice of abstinence from contraceptives.
E) acceptance of a matriarchal society.

88) According to the Quran, which Muslims regard as their blueprint for behavior,

A) in certain circumstances women can indulge in premarital sex.
B) spouses should pleasure each other during sexual intercourse.
C) men should tolerate adultery in their wife in order to save the marriage.
D) women should not have the right to inherit property from their family.
E) homosexuality is a healthy practice and should be encouraged.

89) Which of the following factors has played the major role in keeping U.S. society conservative about sexuality?

A) the popularity of the morally upright and socially strict beliefs and practices of Puritanism
B) the spread of Hinduism, a polytheistic religion in the greater part of the world during the 19th century
C) the sex-negative ideas that the majority of people in American society were exposed to in their adherence to polytheism
D) the Catholic population of the United States, which encouraged followers to inculcate sexual chauvinism
E) men of the Victorian era, who were expected to be sexually submissive and to control their innate "sex drives"

90) Which of the following is a symbolic boundary that dramatically divides U.S. culture and Christian groups?

A) Christian groups' approval of bisexual relationships
B) U.S. public opinion, which disapproves of women holding high positions
C) Christian groups promoting gays and lesbians serving as clergy
D) U.S. public opinion in support of same-sex marriage
E) Christian groups approving abortion and the use of contraceptives

91) Which of the following still remains almost universally condemned among all Christian groups?

A) masturbation
B) homosexuality
C) adultery
D) contraception
E) premarital sex

92) Which of the following refers to the experience of individuals who are excluded from both their own community and from the larger society?

A) double stigma
B) double jeopardy
C) taboo
D) radical inclusion
E) faith prejudice

93) The concept of radical inclusion means that

A) everyone has a right to be a member of a religious community, regardless of their color, gender, sexual identity, or anything else.
B) everyone has a right to express their sexual identity regardless of their color, religion or anything else.
C) everyone has a right to choose their own life partners even outside their religious communities.
D) every woman has the right to opt for abortion, regardless of her color or religion.
E) everyone has a right to vote, regardless of their color, gender, sexual identity, or anything else.

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
94) The unique traits associated with human sexuality mainly come from the combination of three elements: _____, culture, and individuality.

95) Culture gives people a sense of group cohesion, shared meaning and identity, and also establishes standards for acceptable behavior, called _____.

96) _____ marriage, which gained popularity in the 20thcentury, was based on the cultural idea that a man and woman are not just sex partners but also social and intellectual companions and equals for life.

97) Sexual _____ is best defined as the self-identification by an individual as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual.

98) The practice that allows a man to have multiple wives at the same time is referred to as _____.

99) Of all the forms of sexual chauvinism, one of the most severe is when someone is labeled "_____"—meaning that their behavior is dysfunctional compared to the people who uphold the culture's norms.

100) In general, compared to monotheistic religions, _____ religions are more likely to be sex-approving than sex-disapproving.

101) The sharing of practices of worship with others and belonging to a faith-based group, both of which create shared social experiences, is referred to as _____ religion.

102) The morally upright and socially strict beliefs and practices of the Puritans, which have been a factor in how American society has framed discussion of such topics as nudity, premarital sex, extramarital sex, virginity, and pornography, is referred to as _____.

103) There has long been a tension in the United States between identifying itself as a Christian country and priding itself on separation of church and state. This tension is expressed as a(n) _____ boundary that divides people with respect to "good" versus "bad" attitudes and behaviors.

104) When individuals are excluded from their own community as well as from the larger society, they face a double _____.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
105) Describe a few sexual traits unique to humans. Do these traits have a common origin?

106) Are there any similarities between human sexuality and that of the bonobo chimpanzee? Give evidence to support your answer.

107) Elaborate on the ancient Greek sexual culture.

108) Why is the Victorian era, considered the most prudish age, seen as the beginning of the modern period?

109) What is a sexual norm? Explain with an example.

110) Explain sexual chauvinism with an appropriate example.

111) Give an example of how religious beliefs influence sexual behavior.

112) Elaborate on how Judaism has adapted to changing times.

113) How has sex become a symbolic boundary that divides people in the United States?

114) Is it possible to be deeply religious and still enjoy a satisfying sex life?