Respiration And Fermentation Test Bank Ch.6

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 6 Respiration and Fermentation

1) Plants are

A) net O2 consumers and CO2 producers.

B) net O2 producers and CO2 consumers.

C) net O2 and CO2 producers.

D) net O2 and CO2 consumers.

E) able to conduct photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

2) Animals are

A) net O2 producers and CO2 consumers.

B) net O2 and CO2 producers.

C) net O2 consumers and CO2 producers.

D) net O2 and CO2 consumers.

E) able to conduct photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

3) In animal cells, the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the

A) ribosome.

B) lysosome.

C) golgi body.

D) mitochondrion.

E) No answer is correct.

4) Cellular respiration occurs in a sequential order. This allows the cell to

A) store oxygen in the process.

B) maintain control over the mitochondria.

C) efficiently breakdown glucose without damaging the cell.

D) harness all the energy released at one time.

E) produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly.

5) The chemical formula for glucose is

A) C6H12O6.

B) C12H6O12.

C) C6H6O12.

D) C12H12O6.

E) C1H2O1.

6) As a result of glycolysis, glucose is

A) broken down into two molecules of carbon dioxide.

B) combined to form two molecules of pyruvate.

C) combined to form two molecules of carbon dioxide.

D) broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.

E) broken down into two molecules of oxygen.

7) Glycolysis of a glucose molecule

A) produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP.

B) occurs only in animal cells.

C) transfers electrons to FAD.

D) occurs only in microorganisms.

E) occurs in mitochondria.

8) The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are

A) glycolysis, photosystems, and carbon reactions.

B) carbon reactions, Krebs cycle, and light reactions.

C) Krebs cycle, carbon reactions, and electron transport chain.

D) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

E) light reactions, carbon reactions, and electron transport chain.

9) During cellular respiration, electrons are transferred to the electron carrier molecules

A) ATP and FADH2.

B) NADH and FADH2.

C) carbon dioxide.

D) NADH2 and glucose.

E) acetyl CoA.

10) If asked to point on a diagram of a cell to the place where glycolysis occurs, you would point to the

A) cytosol.

B) mitochondrion.

C) lysosome.

D) nucleus.

E) cell membrane.

11) In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs cycle occurs in the

A) lysosome.

B) nucleus.

C) cytoplasm.

D) mitochondrion.

E) ribosome.

12) In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain occurs in the

A) lysosome.

B) nucleus.

C) cytoplasm.

D) ribosome.

E) mitochondrion.

13) At the end of cellular respiration, the electrons are transferred to a final electron acceptor.  In aerobic cellular respiration, this molecule is

A) oxygen.

B) nitrogen.

C) hydrogen.

D) sulfur.

E) carbon dioxide.

14) In the electron transport chain, which structure forms a channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and adds phosphate to ADP?

A) ATP synthase

B) NADH synthase

C) FADH2 synthase

D) ADP synthase

E) NADPH synthase

15) The reactants for cellular respiration are

A) glucose and ATP.

B) water and ATP.

C) oxygen and ATP.

D) glucose and oxygen.

E) carbon dioxide and glucose.

16) Fermentation is most common in

A) plants.

B) animals.

C) multicellular organisms.

D) microorganisms.

E) viruses.

17) The area enclosed by the highly folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the

A) cytosol.

B) cristae.

C) outer membrane.

D) intermembrane compartment.

E) mitochondrial matrix.

18) Glycolysis has two steps. The first step is the energy investment where ________ is used to activate the glucose molecule.

A) NAD

B) ATP

C) FAD

D) ADP

E) NADP

19) In glycolysis, the net number of NADH produced is

A) 0.

B) 3.

C) 2.

D) 4.

E) 30.

20) Four ATP molecules are made in the second step in glycolysis. However, the net production of ATP is two because

A) two molecules of ATP are needed to "activate" glucose.

B) two molecules of ATP are used to move glucose into the chloroplast.

C) glycolysis is the final step of aerobic respiration.

D) ATP production cannot exceed NADH production.

E) glycolysis may occur without oxygen being present.

21) The compound that enters the Krebs cycle is

A) ATP.

B) pyruvate.

C) PGAL.

D) ATP synthase.

E) acetyl CoA.

22) Some microorganisms live in anaerobic environments. These organisms can produce ATP using fermentation which involves

A) glycolysis.

B) the Krebs cycle.

C) photosynthesis.

D) electron transport.

E) the Calvin cycle.

23) Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?

A) ATP

B) carbon dioxide

C) NADH

D) FADH2

E) pyruvate

24) Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the potential energy in a glucose molecule because

A) ATP easily vaporizes.

B) energy cannot be created or destroyed.

C) some glucose is not broken down.

D) some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.

E) All answers are correct.

25) The Krebs cycle continues the breakdown of glucose and

A) provides intermediates for manufacturing fats and amino acids.

B) replicates DNA.

C) provides oxygen to cells.

D) manufactures carbohydrates.

E) All answers are correct.

26) The electron transport chain produces a(n) ________ gradient that provides energy for the ATP synthase.

A) electron

B) ATP

C) NADH

D) oxygen

E) proton

27) Many toxins are known to kill organisms by interfering with cellular respiration. Which poison blocks the Krebs cycle by inhibiting the formation of acetyl-coA?

A) arsenic.

B) carbon monoxide.

C) cyanide.

D) mercury compounds.

E) DNP.

28) The theoretical net ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is ________ ATP molecules.

A) 2

B) 36

C) 4

D) 15

E) 42

29) Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to

A) regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.

B) produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.

C) produce more ATP than in respiration.

D) allow an animal to survive for long periods of time in the absence of oxygen.

E) produce less CO2.

30) Alcoholic fermentation

A) is carried out by yeasts.

B) produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration.

C) produces ethanol.

D) produces carbon dioxide.

E) All answers are correct.

31) Which energy pathway can be performed by all living organisms?

A) aerobic respiration

B) carbon reactions

C) photosynthesis

D) Krebs cycle

E) glycolysis

32) In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, electrons are removed from glucose and taken up by molecules like NAD+. In such a reaction, glucose is being ________ and NAD+ is being ________.

A) reduced, oxidized

B) oxidized, reduced

C) phosphorylated, oxidized

D) phosphorylated, reduced

E) reduced, phosphorylated

33) In the electron transport chain, what occurs between the two membranes of mitochondria?

A) Glycolysis occurs in the membranes.

B) Protons are pumped into the space between the membranes.

C) Oxygen is transported across the membranes.

D) The membranes prevent the mitochondria from rupturing during osmosis without two membranes.

E) The Krebs cycle enzymes are found on the outer mitochondrial membrane.

34) During glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, NAD+ picks up two electrons and a proton to form NADH. The NADH molecule is the ________ form of NAD+.

A) oxidized

B) phosphorylated

C) reduced

D) hydrolyzed

E) lysed

35) What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

A) It is formed from the oxidation of water at the beginning of the electron transport chain.

B) It flows through the electron transport chain, losing energy.

C) It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water.

D) It is necessary to obtain any ATP from glucose.

E) It flows down its concentration gradient through an ATPase to produce ATP.

36) Which of the following toxins would interfere with the electron transport chain by preventing the formation of a proton gradient?

A) mercury

B) arsenic

C) cyanide

D) DNP

E) carbon monoxide

37) Philodendron flowers pass electrons through a modified electron transport chain to generate heat. What is the source of these electrons?

A) water

B) oxygen

C) ATP

D) sunlight

E) NADH and FADH2

38) In the Investing Life, Hot Plants Offer Heat Rewards, scientists were working with heat production by flowers. What hypothesis were the scientists testing?

A) Does generating heat increase the metabolism of Philodendron?

B) Does generating heat decrease the metabolism of Philodendron?

C) Is heat being used by Philodendron to attract pollinators?

D) Is heat being used by Philodendron to increase the rate of pollen production?

E) Does heat increase the rate of photosynthesis by Philodendron?

39) In the Investigating Life, Hot Plants Offer Heat Rewards, what did scientists conclude about beetles and self-heating flowers?

A) At higher temperatures resting beetles saved energy.

B) At higher temperatures active beetles saved energy.

C) At lower temperatures active beetles saved energy.

D) At lower temperatures resting beetles saved energy.

E) Generating heat led to increased pollination of Philodendron flowers by beetles.

40) Aerobic respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

41) Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

42) In aerobic respiration, nitrogen gas can be used as the final electron acceptor.

43) If glucose is unavailable, aerobic respiration may occur with

A) proteins.

B) carbohydrates.

C) fats.

D) glycogen.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

44) Energy can be extracted from proteins by cellular respiration.

45) Energy cannot be extracted from lipids by cellular respiration.

46) When compared to other foods, fats have the most calories per gram.  For energy to be harvested, the long carbon chains are broken into many two-carbon ________ molecules that enter the Krebs cycle.

A) glucose

B) pyruvate

C) acetyl CoA

D) amino acid

E) protein

47) In the electron transport chain, if some of the protons are utilized for other functions in the cell and do not flow through the ATP synthase, then

A) fewer ATP will be made.

B) fewer glucose molecules are needed.

C) more ATP will be made.

D) more glucose molecules are needed.

E) more carbon dioxide molecules are generated.

48) In plants, chloroplasts function as the site of cellular respiration.

49) The Krebs cycle can be used to manufacture amino acids.

50) All diet pills are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

51) In aerobic respiration, which of following is(are) required for ATP production in the electron transport chain?

A) a proton gradient

B) the oxidation of the electron carrier molecules

C) oxygen

D) movement of electrons through proteins

E) All of the answer choices are correct.