Chapter 4: Qualitative Research Methods

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The initial use of qualitative methods was first introduced by ______ in the 1600s and 1700s.

A. Bartley and Smith

B. Descartes and Kant

C. Erikson and Bartley

D. Kant and Smith

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The term qualitative research is a fairly recent one and first appeared in the ______.

A. 1940s

B. 1950s

C. 1960s

D. 1970s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A ______ approach involves the collection of data from the natural environment.

A. collective

B. naturalistic

C. environmental

D. causal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Descriptive data may be in the form of ______.

A. interview transcripts

B. videotapes

C. notations made

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______ approach is an attempt to explore in a more organic way what comes up, rather than hypothesizing what is there and looking to find support for the hypothesis.

A. Deductive

B. Naturalistic

C. Inductive

D. Quantitative

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Freud and Piaget used this approach to developing many of their theories.

A. grounded theory

B. phenomenological

C. ethnographic

D. case study

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traditions or Paradigms in Conducting Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Data in ______ research are typically collected in the form of summaries and extensive note-taking of the researcher’s observations.

A. ethnographic

B. case study

C. phenomenological

D. grounded theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Researchers may use ______ in data collection, which refers to using multiple data collection methods, sources, or observers.

A. triangulation

B. circulation

C. squaring off

D. rectangulation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ research methods involve intensive study of the characteristics of a given culture or distinct group with their own worldview from a naturalistic, firsthand experience.

A. Ethnographic

B. Case study

C. Phenomenological

D. Grounded theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. ______ qualitative research approach was originally developed by two sociologists, Glasser and Strass.

A. Historical

B. Case study

C. Phenomenological

D. Grounded theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grounded Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. ______ approach was developed by Husserl in the early 1900s.

A. Ethnographic

B. Case study

C. Phenomenological

D. Grounded theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Phenomenological

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. A ______ method of research is particularly helpful when a researcher wants to identify relevant issues and concepts in the context of a particular event and possibly conduct quantitative research or other types of qualitative research to further understand the event.

A. ethnographic

B. case study

C. phenomenological

D. grounded theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Phenomenological

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The purpose of ______ approach is to systematically understand past events and phenomena to obtain a clearer understanding of current issues.

A. ethnographic

B. case study

C. phenomenological

D. grounded theory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The administration of structured instruments, surveys, and questionnaires is utilized by ______.

A. qualitative researchers

B. ethnomethodologists

C. phenomenologist

D. quantitative researchers

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Table 4.2: Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research | Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The ability to obtain a detailed understanding of a person, event, or phenomenon is ______.

A. an advantage of qualitative research

B. a disadvantage of qualitative research

C. a broader perspective of qualitative research

D. the validity of generalizing results to a larger population

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Table 4.2: Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research | Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Guba and Lincoln (1992) noted that the social sciences have long been considered “hard” sciences and less quantifiable compared to “soft” sciences like mathematics, chemistry, and physics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Qualitative methods attempt to control the extraneous variables in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Qualitative research enters the natural setting to study its complexity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Descriptive data are collected and presented through language and pictures.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The orientation of the quantitative researcher is one of entering the naturalistic environment with an openness to discovering what can be found, but with a focus on elements of the environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. All case study research is qualitative.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traditions or Paradigms in Conducting Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Case study is an intensive investigation of a single individual in an effort to treat or intervene with that person and/or to make inferences about others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Study Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A common approach to ethnographic research is as a participant observer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The primary approach to grounded theory is the dynamic interaction of identifying categories, which are analyzed and reconstituted into more complex ones with each continuous level of analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grounded Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The focus of the ethnographic approach is to understand how humans develop a way of knowing the world.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnographic

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. How do Denzin and Lincoln (2000) describe qualitative research?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What is the main goal of qualitative research?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What are the five characteristics of qualitative research?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. List the six steps in using a case study approach.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Case Study Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. What is the meaning of the word “ethnography?”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethnographic

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What are three characteristics of ethnographic research?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethnographic

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Discuss the steps of historical research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Historical

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What is the primary approach to grounded theory?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Grounded Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Give an example of two research topics which could be explored through grounded theory research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Grounded Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Provide a brief example of case study research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Case Study Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss the advantages of qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss the disadvantages of qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Compare Qualitative and Quantitative research design.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Types of Variables

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss the three purposes of case studies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Case Study Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss qualitative research through a phenomenological approach.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Phenomenological

Difficulty Level: Hard