Chapter 5: Mixed Methods Research

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ analysis is more specific than ______ analysis in this mixed methods model, both methods are given equal emphasis and typically are introduced concurrently.

A. Nested

B. Transformative

C. Convergent parallel

D. Exploratory sequential

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ design allows the researcher to flexibly use designs such as convergent, explanatory, exploratory, or embedded depending upon the purpose of the study.

A. Transformative

B. Explanatory sequential

C. Nested

D. Triangulation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ mixed method may be used to simultaneously collect data, but is more depth in certain areas.

A. Transformative

B. Triangulation

C. Explanatory sequential

D. Embedded

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. In ______ design, the researcher initially uses a quantitative approach followed by a qualitative approach to explain in depth the results.

A. exploratory sequential

B. transformative

C. triangulation

D. explanatory sequential

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The purpose of using ______ mixed methods design would be “to use quantitative data and results to assist in the interpretation of qualitative findings.”

A. explanatory sequential

B. exploratory sequential

C. nested

D. transformative

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ mixed method design is the most straightforward and potentially the simplest. The purpose being is typically to use qualitative results to assist in explaining and interpreting the findings of primarily quantitative study.

A. Explanatory sequential

B. Exploratory sequential

C. Transformative

D. Embedded transformative

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. ______ mixed method may be used to simultaneously collect data, but one method plays more of a supportive role.

A. Transformative

B. Triangulation

C. Embedded

D. Exploratory sequential

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The use of similar methods of data collection or a within-methods approach such as multiple reviewers interpreting the same data is referred to as establishing ______.

A. validity

B. reliability

C. convergent validation

D. scaling

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Triangulation

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Research and inquiry not based on personal values is a characteristic of ______.

A. qualitative research paradigm

B. quantitative research paradigm

C. postpositivist research paradigm

D. ethnographic research paradigm

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Deductive logic progressing from general to specific in focus is a characteristic of ______.

A. qualitative research paradigm

B. postpositivist research paradigm

C. ethnographic research paradigm

D. quantitative research paradigm

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The use of an inductive logic view, with the intent to interpret from the specific to the general is the characteristic of ______.

A. qualitative research paradigms

B. quantitative research paradigms

C. ethnographic research paradigm

D. positivist research paradigm

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. ______ encompasses both qualitative and quantitative with a focus on a parallel process which results in breadth and depth of the subject matter being researched.

A. Phenomenological methods

B. Historical methods

C. Grounded theory methods

D. Mixed methods

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. A research ______ has been described as a particular set of belief systems that provide a guideline for researchers.

A. paradigm

B. outcome

C. process

D. proposal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. ______ is the conversion of qualitative data into outcomes or quantitative data.

A. Interpretation

B. Validation

C. Operationalization

D. Scaling

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Triangulation

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The basic belief that there exists a reality out there driven by immutable natural laws is held by ______.

A. qualitative researchers

B. quantitative researchers

C. ethnographic researchers

D. phenomenological researchers

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Advocates for the use of quantitative methods believe that qualitative methods have resulted in philosophical “wars.”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Qualitative researchers hold that there are potentially a number of different constructed realities and that information is value laden.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Objectivity in a postpositivism paradigm is not valued.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Postpositivism is not a variation of positivism but is based on critical realism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Quantitative research originated out of experimental psychology in the late 1800s.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Triangulation in mixed methods research is defined in terms of the combined use of methods to investigate and understand the same phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Triangulation

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The introduction of mixed methods research models essentially heated up the significant debates and “wars” over which research method was superior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. During the Purist era, both qualitative and quantitative researchers advanced their view as being the better approach.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. There has been a significant decrease in the number of published research articles using mixed methods research over the past 15 years.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Research Study Examples of Mixed Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The greater the qualitative–quantitative parallelism in the study design and its implementation, the more difficult it is to compare and contrast textual and numeric forms of evidence in an integrative manner.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Research Study Examples of Mixed Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. ______ holds that generalizations may be made across situations and contexts rather easily.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ hold that there are potentially a number of different constructed realities and that information is value laden.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ involves the use of multiple methods to focus on particular phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Triangulation

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. ______ involves the use of similar methods of data collection or a within-methods approach such as multiple reviewers interpreting the same data.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Triangulation

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. This research method period______ started in the 1960s and extended to the 1980s. The focus of this period was a beginning attempt to find commonalities between research paradigms and to begin to use mixed methods.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______involves initially using qualitative methods followed by quantitative methods. The purpose is to explain more fully the quantitative methods.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Compare and contrast explanatory sequential and exploratory sequential mixed methods model.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Organizing Data History of Mixed Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Discuss the purpose of the transformative mixed methods model.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. ______ uses quantitative data and results to assist in the interpretation of qualitative findings.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. ______ utilizes one of four designs (explanatory, exploratory, embedded, and convergent) systematically with a purpose of focusing on a marginalized group.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mixed Research Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the characteristics of the positivist paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss the characteristics of the qualitative research paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the positivist and qualitative research paradigm.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss the Purist, Period II, and the 1990s in relationship to the emergence mixed methods research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: History of Mixed Methods Research

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. There are several approaches to triangulation scaling, reliability, and convergent validation. Discuss each.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Triangulation

Difficulty Level: Hard