Chapter 9: Prison Subculture and Prison Gang Influence

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Define the convict code.

a. a label given to an inmate who reveals the activity of another inmate to authorities

b. an inmate’s sense of masculine standing within the prison culture

c. a set of standards attributed to the true convict

d. the process of being socialized into the prison culture

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.4 Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Convict Code and Snitching

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The term that refers to the various inconveniences and deprivations that occur as a result of incarceration is ______.

a. pains of imprisonment

b. importation theory

c. blood in–blood out

d. prisonization

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Indigenous Prison Culture and Exportation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following is not considered a pain of imprisonment?

a. loss of liberty

b. loss of personal security

c. loss of autonomy

d. loss of wages

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Indigenous Prison Culture and Exportation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Among all inmates, it is the ______ who is considered the lowest of the low among other inmates.

a. snitch

b. child molester

c. rapist

d. murderer

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.4 Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Convict Code and Snitching

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. What type of offenders are at highest risk for being forced into being a prison “punk”?

a. drug offenders

b. sexual offenders

c. murderers

d. property offenders

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex Offenders and Punks

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A ______ is a person who smuggles drugs into prison for another inmate.

a. cow

b. horse

c. donkey

d. mule

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maintaining Respect

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The process of being socialized into the prison culture is known as ______.

a. blood in–blood out

b. convict code

c. prisonization

d. symbiotic prison relationships

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. What is the largest basis for gang affiliation within prison?

a. hometown

b. racial allegiance

c. offenses for which the inmates are convicted

d. religious affiliation

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Impact of Cross-Pollination: Reciprocal Relationships Between Street Gangs and Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which is the first known major prison gang to develop in the United States?

a. Crips

b. Aryan Brotherhood

c. Black Guerrilla Family

d. The Mexican Mafia

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which prison gang predominantly consists of White inmate members?

a. Bloods

b. Crips

c. The Mexican Mafia

d. None of these

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Women have had a long history of conducting prison work. Which is not historically a typical position for women?

a. clerical positions

b. teaching roles

c. direct supervision of male offenders

d. direct supervision of female offenders

Learning Objective: 9.5: Identify various aspects of guard subculture, including the unique subculture of female correctional officers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Female Correctional Officers

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following is prison slang for psychotropic medications?

a. insect repellent

b. bug juice

c. bug zapper

d. pest control

Learning Objective: 9.3: Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff. | 9.4 Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Strong, Silent Type and the Use of Slang

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Define the term respect as it is relevant to prison culture.

a. a set of standards attributed to the true convict

b. an inmate’s sense of masculine standing within the prison culture

c. a label given to an inmate who reveals the activity of another inmate to authorities

d. the various inconveniences and deprivations that occur as a result of incarceration

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Maintaining Respect

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. ______ is a term that is used to imply that a person is using others for some type of gain or benefit, manipulating others into doing work, or fulfilling obligations on their own behalf.

a. Hogging

b. Snitching

c. Hustling

d. Punking

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Con and the Never-Ending Hustle

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The term ______ refers to any action that is designed to deceive, manipulate, or take advantage of another person.

a. snitch

b. mule

c. hog

d. hustle

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Con and the Never-Ending Hustle

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. What is the key tenet of importation theory?

a. refers to the standards in behavior attributed to inmates who earn respect by proving themselves worthy of that title

b. refers to the various inconveniences and deprivations that occur as a result of incarceration

c. refers to assertion that certain social group reactions serve to make certain behaviors deviant, regardless of the individual context in which they occur

d. refers to the idea that the subculture within prisons is brought in from outside the walls by offenders who have developed their beliefs and norms while on the streets

Learning Objective: 9.1: Compare importation theory with exportation theory.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Importation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Inmates’ adaptation to prison subculture is largely due to their ______.

a. level of participation in the inmate economy

b. offense type for which they were convicted

c. frequency of visitations from friends and family

d. record of institutional misconduct

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Inmate Subculture of Modern Times

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which tenet of the prison guard subculture is the foundation for cohesion among custodial staff?

a. Always go to the aid of an officer in distress.

b. Do not traffic drugs.

c. Do not be a snitch.

d. Never disrespect another officer in front of inmates.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Guard Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The majority racial lineages represented among prison gangs are ______.

a. Whites and African Americans

b. American Indians and Whites

c. African American and Latinos

d. Latinos and American Indians

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Impact of Gangs Upon Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. _______ is a term that represents an inmate’s sense of masculine standing within the prison culture.

a. Esteem

b. Understanding

c. Regard

d. Respect

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maintaining Respect

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. An estimated ______ of transgender inmates held in prisons and 34% held in local jails reported experiencing one or more incidents of sexual victimization by another inmate or facility staff in the past 12 months or since admission, if less than 12 months.

a. 35%

b. 15%

c. 22%

d. 2%

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.3 Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The correctional field has traditionally been stereotyped as a(n) ______ dominated area of work.

a. African American

b. male

c. female

d. Hispanic

Learning Objective: 9.5: Identify various aspects of guard subculture, including the unique subculture of female correctional officers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Correctional Officers

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. During the 1990s, the term prison guard became outdated and was replaced with the official job classification of ______ officer in many state prison systems.

a. inmate guard

b. jail guard

c. correctional officer

d. inmate officer

Learning Objective: 9.3: Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Guard Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. A ______ group is a high-functioning, organized gang that uses an illegal industry to fund their objectives.

a. gang threat

b. security threat

c. security administration

d. administration threat

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Impact of Cross-Pollination: Reciprocal Relationships Between Street Gangs and Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Utilizing electronic equipment for identification, storage, and retrieval is essential to maintaining an effective anti-______ strategy.

a. corruption

b. dishonesty

c. force

d. gang

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conclusion

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Facilities in Virginia and ______ have seen increases in their MS-13 population, of nearly 30% in just the past 2 years.

a. Texas

b. New York

c. Maryland

d. North Carolina

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which gang evolved in the California Youth Authority, the state agency responsible for the incarceration and parole supervision of juvenile and young adult offenders, in the late 1970s or early 1980s as a gang for Caucasian inmates?

a. Nazi Low Riders

b. Bloods

c. Crips

d. Nazi Highrisers

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which gang is one of largest prison/street criminal gangs operating in Texas? The gang is known for criminal activities including drug trafficking, extortion, kidnapping, sexual assault, and murder?

a. Crips

b. Bloods

c. The Mexican Mafia

d. Tango Blast

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Which gang originated on the streets of Los Angeles during the 1980s when numerous Salvadoran immigrants came to the United States to escape civil war and conflict that was widespread in El Salvador at that time?

a. Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)

b. The Mexican Mafia

c. Tango Blast

d. Bloods

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which term denotes respect gained from inmates and generally comes with time, experience, sound judgment, and a cunning personality that is not easily deceived or manipulated?

a. convict killer

b. convict boss

c. inmate officer

d. inmate apprehender

Learning Objective: 9.3: Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Impact of the Inmate Subculture on Corrections Staff

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. ______ gang originated on the streets of Los Angeles during the 1980s when numerous Salvadoran immigrants came to the United States to escape civil war.

a. Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)

b. The Mexican Mafia

c. Tango Blast

d. Bloods

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. An estimated 35% of transgender inmates held in prisons and ______ held in local jails reported experiencing one or more incidents of sexual victimization by another inmate or facility staff in the past 12 months or since admission, if less than 12 months.

a. 34%

b. 15%

c. 22%

d. 2%

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.3 Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Hustling can involve ______ others into doing work, or fulfilling obligations on their own behalf.

a. manipulating

b. embezzling

c. assaulting

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Con and the Never-Ending Hustle

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which gang is one of largest prison/street criminal gangs operating in Texas?

a. Crips

b. Bloods

c. The Mexican Mafia

d. Tango Blast

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Nazi Low Riders gang evolved in the ______ Youth Authority, the state agency responsible for the incarceration and parole supervision of juvenile and young adult offenders, in the late 1970s or early 1980s as a gang for Caucasian inmates?

a. California

b. Nevada

c. New Mexico

d. Texas

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Facilities in Virginia and Maryland have seen increases in their MS-13 population, of nearly ______ in just the past 2 years.

a. 40%

b. 59%

c. 30%

d. 9%

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. During the ______, the term prison guard became outdated and was replaced with the official job classification of Correctional officer in many state prison systems.

a. 1900s

b. 1980s

c. 1990s

d. 2000s

Learning Objective: 9.3: Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Guard Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. The majority racial lineages represented among prison gangs are African American and ______.

a. Asian

b. Hispanic

c. Native American

d. White

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Impact of Gangs Upon Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Sexual offenders are at highest risk for being forced into being a prison ______.

a. snitch

b. punk

c. shot caller

d. gangster

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex Offenders and Punks

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Respect is a term that represents an inmate’s sense of masculine standing within the prison ______.

a. culture

b. patterns

c. deviance

d. policies

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maintaining Respect

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. A bird is the label given to an inmate who reveals the activity of another inmate to authorities, usually in exchange for some type of benefit within the prison or legal system.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.4 Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Convict Code and Snitching

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The term hogging refers to any action that is designed to deceive, manipulate, or take advantage of another person.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Con and the Never-Ending Hustle

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Most correctional officers and most inmates know the background of other inmates.

Learning Objective: 9.5: Identify various aspects of guard subculture, including the unique subculture of female correctional officers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Importation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Prior to the 1980s, snitches were rare and were afforded no respect.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Convict Code and Snitching

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The practice known as “blood in–blood out” where adolescent boys allow their pants to sag--exposing their underwear--originates from jail and prison policies denying inmates the use of belts.

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Indigenous Prison Culture and Exportation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Since correctional staff interacts with inmates on a daily basis, a sense of understanding develops among correctional staff but not between the staff and the inmate population.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Compare importation theory with exportation theory.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. There are many psychological aspects of controlling gang activity.

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gang Control, Management, and Administrative Segregation

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The issues that confront women who work in corrections tend to be distinct from the issues that confront men who work in corrections.

Learning Objective: 9.5: Identify various aspects of guard subculture, including the unique subculture of female correctional officers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Correctional Officers

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Women correctional staff are only allowed to supervise female inmates.

Learning Objective: 9.5: Identify various aspects of guard subculture, including the unique subculture of female correctional officers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Correctional Officers

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Inmates are considered superior to those who are labeled “convicts.”

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Strong, Silent Type and the Use of Slang

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. A symbiotic prison relationship between inmates and correctional staff is unacceptable within the bounds of institutional security.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.3 Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Impact of the Inmate Subculture on Corrections Staff

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The term prostitute is common prison vernacular for an inmate who engages in homosexual activity; it is a derogatory term that implies that the inmate is feminine, weak, and subservient to masculine inmates.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex Offenders and Punks

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The transgendered inmate population is always housed in female prisons.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The majority of the transgendered population within the custodial environment is female-to-male.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The Bloods prison gang is the largest prison gang found in the United States.

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Respect is a term that represents an inmate’s sense of masculine standing within the prison culture.

Learning Objective: 9.6: Discuss the impact that prison gangs have had on prisons, including the traditional prison subculture.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maintaining Respect

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Inmates’ adaptation to prison subculture is largely due to their level of participation in the inmate economy.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Inmate Subculture of Modern Times

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. According to labeling theory, group reactions are the key determinant to events that become considered antisocial in nature.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Compare importation theory with exportation theory.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labeling Theory as a Paradigm for the Etiology of Prison Rape: Implications for Understanding and Intervention

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. According to differential association theory, group reactions are the key determinant to events that become considered antisocial in nature.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Compare importation theory with exportation theory.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labeling Theory as a Paradigm for the Etiology of Prison Rape: Implications for Understanding and Intervention

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Sex offenders, particularly child molesters, are also afforded no respect in prison.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex Offenders and Punks

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Most correctional officers and inmates know that the background of an offender (or of a correctional officer) has a strong impact on how that person behaves, both inside and outside of a prison; this simply makes good intuitive sense.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Compare importation theory with exportation theory.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Importation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The social learning theory states the subculture within prisons is brought in from outside the walls by offenders who have developed their beliefs and norms while on the streets. In other words, the prison subculture is reflective of the offender subculture on the streets.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Compare importation theory with exportation theory.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Importation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. An estimated 35% of transgender inmates held in prisons and 34% held in local jails reported experiencing one or more incidents of sexual victimization by another inmate or facility staff in the past 12 months or since admission, if less than 12 months.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.3 Evaluate the impact of prison culture on corrections staff.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. A mule is a person who smuggles drugs into prison for another inmate.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maintaining Respect

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. A convict is an inmate who is respected for being self-reliant and independent of other inmates or the system.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Strong, Silent Type and the Use of Slang

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Explain the pains of imprisonment.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Indigenous Prison Culture and Exportation Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Describe the term punk in prison culture?

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex Offenders and Punks

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Who are the “Bloods” and why is the group a threat?

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What is Ñeta and where is the group located?

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Who are the Black Guerrilla Family and where does the group operate?

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Major Prison Gangs in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A prison gang is considered a security threat group when it meets certain criteria. Identify these criteria.

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Impact of Cross-Pollination: Reciprocal Relationships Between Street Gangs and Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Identify the three characteristics that are common to prison gangs but not necessarily common to those gangs based primarily on the street.

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Impact of Cross-Pollination: Reciprocal Relationships Between Street Gangs and Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Discuss the concept of “hogging” in prison.

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Con and the Never-Ending Hustle

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Describe Kauffman’s (1988) prison guard subculture and its main tenets.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Discuss the modern inmate subculture standards. | 9.7 Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Guard Subculture

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss several issues that surveys of transgendered inmates found within prisons.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe the process of prisonization.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What are some characteristics of security threat group (STG) found within the nation’s prisons?

Learning Objective: 9.7: Explain what prison systems do to control gang problems that occur in their facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Impact of Cross-Pollination: Reciprocal Relationships Between Street Gangs and Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium