Chapter 11: Female Offenders in Correctional Systems

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Of the offending population, no more than roughly ______ are women, depending on whether one is talking about jails, prisons, community supervision, or the combination of each of these three.

a. 20% to 25%

b. 8% to 10%

c. 15% to 25%

d. 50% to 60%

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Females made up ______ of the total national prison population at year-end 2016.

a. 7%

b. 19%

c. 10%

d. 12%

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which state incarcerates the greatest number of women?

a. Pennsylvania

b. California

c. Texas

d. New York

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Offenders Behind Bars: A Detailed Look at Percentages and Rates

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Based on 2005 rates of incarceration in state prison or jail, which of the following is not one of the most punitive states for women?

a. Washington

b. Louisiana

c. California

d. Oklahoma

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which year did the first completely separate female prison open?

a. 1871

b. 1874

c. 1938

d. 1948

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Criminality From 1850 Onward

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What type of correctional institution was developed along with female custodial prisons?

a. sanctuaries

b. bridles

c. reformatories

d. pillories

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. ______ is a term that describes any social system where fathers tend to be considered the head of the family and where men tend to hold economic, political, legal, and social power.

a. Chivalry

b. Benevolence

c. Patriarchy

d. Monarchy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Among women on community supervision (both probation and parole combined), the majority tend to be ______.

a. African American

b. Caucasian American

c. Latino American

d. American Indian

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. This female activist is perhaps the first person noted for spearheading the rights of women in prison, and her thoughts became known across continents.

a. Rachel Welch

b. Elizabeth Fry

c. Sarah Smith

d. Rhoda Coffin

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Based on 2005 data, which state had the highest rate of women on probation?

a. New Hampshire

b. Montana

c. Nevada

d. New York

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which relative most often cares for the children of female prison inmates?

a. the maternal grandmother of the children

b. the paternal grandmother of the children

c. the father of the children

d. a sibling of the female inmate

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders. | 11.5 Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Offenders as Mothers

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which Supreme Court case resulted in a decree issued for the Michigan Department of Corrections to provide female inmates access to programming that had previously been provided only to male inmates?

a. Turner v. Safley (1987)

b. Glover v. Johnson (1988)

c. Powell v. Alabama (1932)

d. Cason v. Seckinger (1984)

Learning Objective: 11.5: Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conditions of Care for Female Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. There are three critical, interrelated issues in the lives of women offenders. Which is not one of these issues?

a. substance abuse

b. trauma

c. mental health

d. pregnancy

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Guiding Principles to Improve Services for Female Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Female offenders ______ more often than male offenders.

a. are sentenced to prison for property offenses

b. use drugs

c. are sentenced to prison for violent offenses

d. commit domestic violence

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drugs

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Incarcerated women report being subjected to the most violence between the ages ______ and ______.

a. 35; 44

b. 25; 34

c. 15; 24

d. 5; 14

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Female offenders are abused more frequently than male offenders. Which finding is not found when assessing abuse differences among male and female offenders?

a. Males tend to be mistreated as children, but females are mistreated as both children and adults.

b. Males report more abuse if they had lived in a foster home or another structured institution.

c. Higher levels of abuse were reported among offenders who had an incarcerated family member.

d. Female offenders who were abused used drugs or alcohol more frequently than did male offenders.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Physical and Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which is an example of a public order offense for which women were incarcerated in reformatories?

a. homicide

b. serial premarital pregnancies

c. burglary

d. child abuse

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which is not a potential reason, as provided by the author, why certain states have low rates of incarceration?

a. These states are more progressive.

b. These states are more prone to using treatment schemes and restorative justice.

c. These states tend to have more severe sentencing guidelines.

d. These states tend to be more affluent.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. What type of sentencing was most often used in women’s reformatories?

a. determinate sentencing

b. corporal sentencing

c. truth-in-sentencing

d. indeterminate sentencing

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which of the following is not an example of collateral damage done when a mother and child are separated through incarceration?

a. A number of children display symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

b. The mothers have increased likelihood of later recidivism.

c. The children often display school-related difficulties.

d. The mothers have decreased likelihood of later recidivism.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Offenders as Mothers

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The ______ hypothesis contends that there is a bias in the criminal justice system against giving women harsh punishments. This is true so long as the offenses that they commit are considered “gender appropriate,” or consistent with the stereotyped role that women are expected to maintain.

a. chivalry

b. female

c. delinquent

d. male

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. In 2011, 902 allegations of sexual victimization (______) were substantiated (i.e., determined to have occurred upon investigation).

a. 19%

b. 90%

c. 10%

d. 40%

Learning Objective: 11.5: Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 Revisited

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The ______ program is an excellent example of how most programs for female offenders should be structured because it is comprehensive and demonstrates how the multitude of issues pertinent to female offenders can be addressed within a single facility while utilizing a wide array of services within the community.

a. Maryland

b. Idaho

c. Montana

d. Iowa

Learning Objective: 11.6: Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Offenders and Treatment Implications

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Federal female drug offenders represent ______ of all inmates.

a. 32.2%

b. 56.4%

c. 91.4%

d. 11.5%

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.6 Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. ______ work in the late 1770s helped to draw attention to the plight of women, and, with the developments in prisons in Pennsylvania, the issue of women inmates was squarely addressed.

a. John Howard’s

b. William Penn’s

c. Elizabeth Howard’s

d. John Penn’s

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Women Behind Bars

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Which religious group was instrumental in effecting positive change in American prisons?

a. Catholics

b. Muslims

c. Quakers

d. Baptists

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which era viewed women from a lens of inflexible femininity where women were to be considered pious and naive of the evils of the world?

a. Victorian

b. Classical

c. New Age

d. Traditional

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. What is a male-oriented and male-dominated social structure that defers to men and sees women in a subservient position to men?

a. matriarchy

b. equal partnership

c. malearchy

d. patriarchy

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Approximately ______ million minor children have a mother who is under criminal justice supervision.

a. 1.3

b. 4.3

c. 2.4

d. 9.4

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. What is the name of the commission seen as an internal state “watchdog” agency that was tasked with providing recommendations to the state governor and legislature in California?

a. Knapp Commission

b. Little Hoover Commission

c. Little River Commission

d. California Internal Affairs Commission

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.5 Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conditions of Care for Female Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. The Little Hoover Commission was an internal state “watchdog” agency that was tasked with providing recommendations to the state governor and legislature in ______.

a. Nevada

b. Texas

c. Maryland

d. California

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.5 Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conditions of Care for Female Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. ______ era viewed women from a lens of inflexible femininity where women were to be considered pious and naive of the evils of the world.

a. Victorian

b. Classical

c. New Age

d. Traditional

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. This religious group was instrumental in effecting positive change in American prisons.

a. Catholics

b. Muslims

c. Quakers

d. Baptists

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Whose work in the late 1770s helped to draw attention to the plight of women, and, with the developments in prisons in Pennsylvania, the issue of women inmates was squarely addressed?

a. John Howard

b. William Penn

c. Elizabeth Howard

d. John Penn

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Women Behind Bars

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. In ______, 902 allegations of sexual victimization (10%) were substantiated (i.e., determined to have occurred upon investigation).

a. 2011

b. 2017

c. 1930

d. 1966

Learning Objective: 11.5: Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 Revisited

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which is not an example of a public order offense for which women were incarcerated in reformatories?

a. homicide

b. prostitution

c. burglary

d. child abuse

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. ______ female drug offenders represent 56.4% of all inmates.

a. State

b. Federal

c. County

d. Local

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.6 Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. ______ incarcerates the greatest number of women.

a. Pennsylvania

b. California

c. New Jersey

d. New York

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Offenders Behind Bars: A Detailed Look at Percentages and Rates

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. ______ type of sentencing was most often used in women’s reformatories.

a. Determinate sentencing

b. Corporal sentencing

c. Truth-in-sentencing

d. Indeterminate sentencing

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. ______ are type of correctional institution developed along with female custodial prisons.

a. Sanctuaries

b. Bridles

c. Reformatories

d. Pillories

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The Little River Commission an internal state “watchdog” agency that was tasked with providing recommendations to the state governor and legislature in California.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.5 Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conditions of Care for Female Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Women’s prisons were established largely for reform.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.4 Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Evolution of Separate Custodial Prisons for Women and Further Evidence of the Chivalry Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Approximately 1.3 million minor children have a mother who is under criminal justice supervision.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. When it comes to violent crime, there is a huge disparity between male and female offenders.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Violent Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Up until the 1800s, women were generally imprisoned in the same facilities with men.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Women Behind Bars

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Female offenders generally have high rates of prior childhood sexual abuse.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Feminist Criminology and the Female Offender

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Currently, the United States incarcerates more women than any other country in the world.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Offenders Behind Bars: A Detailed Look at Percentages and Rates

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The chivalry hypothesis contends that there is a bias in the criminal justice system against giving women harsh punishments.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Racial disparities have never existed among female correctional populations.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Minority Female Offenders Compared to Caucasian Female Offenders in American History

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Kinship structures are a common aspect within female correctional institutions.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders. | 11.5 Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Female Inmate Subculture and Coping in Prison

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The rate of HIV/AIDS infection is lower for female offenders than for male offenders.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex Industry Activity and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Females made up 12% of the total national prison population at year-end 2016.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Pennsylvania incarcerates the greatest number of women.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Offenders Behind Bars: A Detailed Look at Percentages and Rates

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. In 1948, the first completely separate female prison opened.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Female Criminality From 1850 Onward

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Federal female drug offenders represent 91.4% of all inmates.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.6 Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. John Penn’s work in the late 1770s helped to draw attention to the plight of women, and with the developments in prisons in Pennsylvania, the issue of women inmates was squarely addressed.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of Women Behind Bars

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Elizabeth Fry is perhaps the first person noted for spearheading the rights of women in prison, and her thoughts became known across continents.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders. | 11.2 Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The Iowa program is an excellent example of how most programs for female offenders should be structured because it is comprehensive and demonstrates how the multitude of issues pertinent to female offenders can be addressed within a single facility while utilizing a wide array of services within the community.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Offenders and Treatment Implications

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Reformatories for women developed as alternatives to the penitentiary’s harsh conditions of enforced silence and hard labor.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Matriarchy is a male-oriented and male-dominated social structure that defers to men and sees women in a subservient position to men?

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. When discussing female offenders, it becomes clear that most are minority members with few options and limited economic resources.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Of the women who are incarcerated, approximately 44% have no high school diploma or GED.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Women involved in the criminal justice system thus represent a population marginalized by race, class, and gender.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Among female offenders aged 18 to 19, African American females were 3.1 times more likely than Caucasian females and 2.2 times more likely than Latina females to be in prison in 2016.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Incarcerated women report being subjected to the most violence at ages 25 to 36.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.6 Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Domestic Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Discuss the chivalry hypothesis and how this is a guiding notion behind viewing women and criminality.

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders. | 11.2 Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Work of Elizabeth Fry

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Which states have the lowest rates of female incarceration? Explain at least partially why they have such low incarceration rates.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders. | 11.4 Identify some of the considerations associated with effective correctional operations when considering female offenders. | 6. Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss several characteristics of violent female offenders.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Violent Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Why is depression a factor with female inmates?

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mental Health Issues

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss the importance of the work of Sarah Smith and Rhoda Coffin in the 1870s.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Discuss the history of corrections with relation to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Female Criminality From 1850 Onward

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Discuss the problem of HIV/AIDS among women inmates.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sex Industry Activity and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What are three critical, interrelated issues of female offenders?

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Guiding Principles to Improve Services for Female Offenders

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss the characteristics of female inmates and how female inmates differ from male inmates. How should these characteristics affect treatment and reentry preparation of female inmates?

Learning Objective: 11.3: Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What is feminist criminology, and why is the concept important to review when examining female criminality?

Learning Objective: 11.1: Discuss some of the characteristics of female offenders, and compare rates of incarceration and terms of sentencing between male and female offenders. | 11.3 Describe some of the issues associated with modern-day female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Feminist Criminology and the Female Offender

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Based on the specific needs of female offenders, discuss several recommendations for treatment programs.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Identify various treatment implications related to female offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Female Offenders and Treatment Implications

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain several findings of the Prison Rape Elimination Act associated with female inmates.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Discuss the legal issues involved with female offenders in the correctional facility.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 Revisited

Difficulty Level: Hard