Chapter 12: Prison Life and Life After Prison

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not part of the mission of the correctional institution?

A. protect the public

B. ensure the safety of personnel

C. strip the prisoners of their dignity

D. provide for the care and supervision of offenders

2. How many Americans are incarcerated in state and federal prisons?

A. 2.4 million

B. 4.6 million

C. 6.1 billion

D. 8.2 billion

3. Spending time in prison achieves the correctional goal of ______.

A. incapacitation

B. general deterrence

C. restorative justice

D. nonintervention

4. How much does it cost to house one inmate in a federal minimum security prison?

A. $12,000

B. $21,000

C. $34,000

D. $42,000

5. Which of the following is not an argument against female corrections officers working in male facilities?

A. Inmates are likely to sexualize the officers.

B. Female officers lack the physical strength to control inmates.

C. Female officers report higher levels of stress.

D. Female officers are more likely to commit ethical violations.

6. Prison slang is known as ______.

A. argot

B. buzzwords

C. legalese

D. jargon

7. The socialization process distinct within prison subcultures is called ______.

A. argot

B. prisonization

C. inmate code

D. institutionalization

8. A ______ institution is an isolated closed social system.

A. social

B. civil

C. total

D. linkage

9. Which of the following is an example of a total institution?

A. public university

B. private university

C. monastery

D. summer camp

10. Under the ______ model, the prisoner adapts to the prison environment.

A. deviance

B. importation

C. deprivation

D. conflict

11. Under the ______ model, how the prisoner acted on the outside will determine how they act in prison.

A. deprivation

B. importation

C. deviance

D. conflict

12. In the ______ subculture, values are imported from the outside and the inmate code is followed.

A. thief

B. convict

C. legitimate

D. importation

13. The ______ subculture includes the “right guys” or career criminals.

A. thief

B. legitimate

C. convict

D. importation

14. In the ______ subculture, offenders identify with staff and take advantage of rehabilitation opportunities.

A. thief

B. legitimate

C. convict

D. importation

15. ______ criminology is a subfield that challenges traditional viewpoints of corrections.

A. Convict

B. Functionalist

C. Classical

D. Organizational

16. Which of the five pains of imprisonment refers to the inmate’s loss of freedom which creates feelings of being a social outcast?

A. deprivation of liberty

B. deprivation of goods and services

C. deprivation of autonomy

D. deprivation of security

17. Which of the five pains of imprisonment refers to the inmate’s loss of total control of behavior which may result in feelings of weakness and helplessness?

A. deprivation of liberty

B. deprivation of goods and services

C. deprivation of autonomy

D. deprivation of security

18. Which of the five pains of imprisonment comes from living in a population of inmates and correctional officers whose actions may be intimating and violent?

A. deprivation of liberty

B. deprivation of goods and services

C. deprivation of autonomy

D. deprivation of security

19. Inmates who have done substantial time in prison and feel most comfortable in prison engage in ______.

A. jailing

B. gleaning

C. doing time

D. ducking

20. Inmates who follow the rules and work toward a possible early release engage in ______.

A. gleaning

B. jailing

C. ducking

D. doing time

21. A ______ prisoner is one who suffers from mental illness.

A. disorganized

B. organized

C. jailing

D. situational

22. Which of the following models focuses on three factors connected to the context of the event?

A. deprivation

B. importation

C. deviance

D. exportation

23. Which of the following best describes the “typical” female inmate?

A. 18- to 21-year-old single female with no children

B. 20- to 25-year-old single parent

C. 30- to 35-year-old and the primary caregiver to two children

D. 30- to 35-year-old married female with one or more children

24. The ______ is a relationship among female prisoners to replicate the family structure left behind, identifying the five pains of imprisonment.

A. conjugal visit

B. prison gang

C. pseudofamily

D. fantasy family

25. Which of the following is more common among male inmates as compared to female inmates?

A. victimization

B. mental illness

C. substance abuse

D. aggression

26. Which of the following is not one of the primary pains of imprisonment?

A. deprivation of security

B. deprivation of basic needs

C. deprivation of autonomy

D. deprivation of liberty

27. Which of the following is a reason why female inmates build pseudofamilies?

A. to gain friends

B. to find work

C. to ease emotional pain

D. women do not build pseudofamilies

28. Which type of inmate is more likely to be deprived of familial contact while incarcerated?

A. female

B. male

C. juvenile

D. solitary

29. Which particular type of criminal inmate is more sensitive to pains of imprisonment?

A. solitary

B. white-collar

C. minority

D. women

30. Which of the following is a method of grouping prisoners used to specifically isolate problem inmates?

A. administration

B. segregation

C. incentives

D. protection

31. Solitary confinement is also known as ______ segregation.

A. bureaucratic

B. executive

C. administrative

D. directorial

32. The American Psychiatric Association noted that lengthy segregation of ______ causes serious harm to ill prisoners and should be avoided.

A. 1–2 days

B. 3–4 weeks

C. 2–3 months

D. 1–2 years

33. What is the purpose of classification systems in prisons?

A. to further punish offenders

B. to ensure the proper allocation of funding

C. to eliminate the need for education and training programs

D. to ensure staff and inmate safety

34. A 2011 United Nations report noted that the practice of solitary confinement is similar to torture and should be limited to ______ days.

A. 15

B. 20

C. 25

D. 30

35. The ______ are White supremacists who subscribe to neo-Nazi ideology.

A. Aryan Brotherhood

B. La Eme

C. Nuestra Familia

D. Barrio Aztec gang

36. Prison gangs can be traced back to the ______.

A. 1890s

B. 1920s

C. 1950s

D. 1990s

37. Which of the following types of violence occurs when an inmate threatens another inmate to obtain something of value?

A. extortion

B. tantrums

C. aggression

D. hostage

38. One of the most deadly and famous prison riots occurred at ______ Prison in 1971.

A. Attica

B. Auburn

C. Alcatraz

D. Leavenworth

39. In 1994, in ______, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a prison’s failure to protect inmates from sexual assault is a violation of the Eighth Amendment.

A. Brown v. the Board of Education

B. Farmer v. Brennan

C. Plessy v. Ferguson

D. Roe v. Wade

40. Which of the following is a concept inmates use to establish gang affiliation?

A. Race/Ethnicity

B. Age

C. Prison Sentence

D. Social Class

41. How long did the famous Attica Prison riot in 1971 last?

A. 5 days

B. 5 weeks

C. 5 years

D. 5 months

42. Which of the following age groups represents the fastest growing segment of the prison population?

A. 18–25

B. 30–35

C. 45–50

D. 55+

43. What new prison population will require greater medical care, supervision, and special geriatric wings?

A. minorities

B. aging

C. juvenile

D. women

44. Which state imposes a lifetime ban on voting restrictions for convicted felons?

A. Arkansas

B. California

C. Missouri

D. Virginia

45. An inmate who has never received a degree or practiced law, but has become well versed in legal matters while in prison is known as ______.

A. temporary aide

B. jailhouse lawyer

C. attorney

D. paralegal

46. This law resulted from the proliferation of jailhouse lawyers that addressed five issues related to prison litigation.

A. 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act

B. Brown v. the Board of Education

C. Jailhouse Lawyer Ruling

D. First Amendment Rights

47. ______ efforts focus on reform and attempt to help inmates live crime free once released.

A. Employment

B. Rehabilitation

C. Parole

D. Recidivism

48. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the prevalence of HIV infection in prison is ______ times higher than the general U.S. population.

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

49. In 1964, ______ became the first case to give state prison inmates standing to sue in federal court under the Civil Rights Act of 1871.

A. 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act

B. Brown v. the Board of Education

C. Cooper v. Pate

D. First Amendment Rights

50. What is the estimated number of people currently with criminal records?

A. 50 million

B. 65 million

C. 80 million

D. 95 million

51. ______ is a provisional release of a prisoner, who is then expected to meet the expectations and conditions of the parole board.

A. Recidivism

B. Rehabilitation

C. Parole

D. Reentry

52. A ______ is held to determine if an offender has served the minimum terms of his or her incarceration and is ready for release.

A. parole board

B. parole hearing

C. inmate release

D. victim hearing

53. If parole is violated, what sanctions may be given to the parolee?

A. revocation of parole

B. house arrest

C. parole hearing

D. nothing

54. Which phenomenon hinders reentry into the community because behaviors seen as acceptable in prison are seen by people outside of prison as offensive or strange?

A. victimization

B. criminalization

C. prisonization

D. depression

55. Which evidence-based practice includes low staff-to-client ratios, 24-hr coverage, and services and referrals for mental health treatment, housing, living skills, employment, and crisis intervention.

A. prison reentry

B. intensive care management

C. Second Chance Act

D. prisonization

56. ______ is one of the most crucial elements of successful reentry after prison.

A. Marriage

B. Education

C. Employment

D. Drug treatment

57. A successful movement in the United States to “______” argues that forcing convicted, recently released felons to check their status on a job application removes them from the applicant pool.

A. Ban the Black Box

B. #MeToo

C. Ban the Registry

D. Employment for All

58. Which of the following challenges often interferes with employment?

A. education

B. marriage

C. transportation

D. drug treatment

59. According to a study by the Urban Institute, how many parolees have a job lined up immediately after release?

A. one in five

B. one in ten

C. eight in ten

D. four in five

60. Which of the following can facilitate reentry and help individuals succeed in their communities?

A. maintaining family ties

B. maintaining credit scores

C. maintaining employment

D. maintaining happiness

61. Which piece of legislation requires that sex offender registry information be made public?

A. Megan’s Law

B. Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Act and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act

C. Jessica’s Law

D. Adam Walsh Protection Act

62. Which piece of legislation requires that sex offenders register with local law enforcement?

A. Megan’s Law

B. Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Act and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act

C. Jessica’s Law

D. Adam Walsh Protection Act

63. Which piece of legislation mandates that states classify offenders based on type of offense, register sex offenders in jurisdictions where they live, work, or attend school, verify addresses yearly, and make registries available on the Internet?

A. Megan’s Law

B. Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Act and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act

C. Jessica's Law

D. Adam Walsh Protection Act

64. Who can select a state and search for sexually violent predators, offenders with multiple offenses, and individuals who failed to register, and check for felony convictions?

A. FBI

B. the public

C. CIA

D. prison staff

65. Which of the following can be attributed to improved reentry methods such as intensive care management or an increase in legitimate employment opportunities?

A. recidivism

B. sex offender registries

C. marriage and relationships

D. family care

1. The state is responsible for a prisoner’s safety and well-being.

2. Females are not permitted to work as correctional officers in male facilities.

3. Prisonization is highest during the first 6 months and last 6 months of incarceration.

4. A prison is a total institution.

5. The pains of imprisonment lead to feelings of negativity, aggression, and resentment.

6. Positivism is the study of crime and correctional systems that challenges traditional viewpoints.

7. Prisoners in solitary confinement are isolated 23–24 hr a day.

8. Solitary confinement often makes preexisting mental conditions worse.

9. Solitary confinement is cheaper than keeping prisoners in the general population.

10. Prison gangs are a relatively new problem.

11. The Mexican Mafia is one of the most active gangs in federal prisons.

12. Prison rape is a rare occurrence.

13. A prison’s failure to protect inmates from sexual assault is a violation of the Eighth Amendment.

14. The aging prison population requires greater medical care and supervision.

15. Mentally ill inmates are treated according to a long-term comprehensive management plan.

16. A jailhouse lawyer is an inmate who practiced law prior to being incarcerated.

17. Prisoners may file appeals themselves or through attorneys.

18. Intensive case management upon reentry has proven to be costly and unsuccessful.

19. Since 2005, the United States has experienced an increase in recidivism.

20. Most prisoners will be released back into the community.

1. Explain the arguments for and against female correctional officers working in male facilities.

2. Explain what is meant by “prisonization.”

3. Describe what is meant by a “total institution.”

4. Compare the deprivation and importation model of the prison subculture.

5. Identify the five pains of imprisonment.

1. The deprivation of liberty.

2. The deprivation of goods and services.

3. The deprivation of heterosexual relationships.

4. The deprivation of autonomy.

5. The deprivation of security.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Identify the goals, methods, and effectiveness of various forms of corrections.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe the conditions and attitudes influencing prison subcultures, identifying the five pains of imprisonment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Subcultures of Prison

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Identify the four methods of adapting to being in prison.

7. Describe the ways in which females experience incarceration differently than males.

8. Describe the ways that white-collar criminals experience the pains of imprisonment.

9. Identify the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of solitary confinement.

10. Describe the methods that prison administrators use in order to maintain control over offenders.

11. Explain why prison gangs pose serious problems for prison officials and staff.

12. Identify the reasons that prison violence may occur.

13. Describe the different types of violence that may occur in prisons.

14. Explain why rapes are underreported in correctional institutions.

15. Describe the challenges that individuals face after being released from prison.