Chapter 14: Exploring Specialized and Topical Issues

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ terrorism occurs within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States.

A. State

B. International

C. Domestic

D. Transnational

2. The completed or threatened use of coercion and/or violence against a population of people with the goal of changing political, religious, or ideological positions is known as ______.

A. terrorism

B. white-collar crime

C. hate crime

D. transnational crime

3. The ______ made the Department of Homeland Security a cabinet-level department.

A. USA PATRIOT Act

B. Homeland Security Act

C. USA Freedom Act

D. SAFETY Act

4. What specifically separates international terrorism from domestic terrorism?

A. violation of federal law

B. influence of a government by mass destruction

C. jurisdiction of the act

D. danger to humans

5. The largest proportion of the Department of Homeland Security budget is committed to the ______.

A. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

B. Department of Defense

C. FBI

D. Customs and Border Protection

6. A dirty bomb is an explosive containing ______.

A. biological agents

B. chemical agents

C. radioactive material

D. high explosives

7. Which U.S. President created the Office of Homeland Security?

A. George W. Bush

B. Ronald Reagan

C. Barack Obama

D. Richard Nixon

8. The largest proportion of the Department of Homeland Security budget is committed to ______.

A. Customs and Border Protection

B. Federal Emergency Management Agency

C. Department of Energy

D. Department of Justice and Treasury

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society.

KEY: Learning Objective: 14.1: Differentiate between international and domestic terrorism, and provide examples.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism and Homeland Security

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Department of Homeland Security is now monitoring ______ of people they identify as potentially dangerous.

A. credit card use

B. cell phone use

C. social media use

D. mass transportation use

10. Non-U.S. citizens charged with terrorism are tried ______.

A. by military commissions

B. in federal criminal courts

C. in state courts

D. in federal civil courts

11. Which type of military tribunal offers a detainee a fair and transparent trial protecting national security interests?

A. Homeland Security trials

B. citizen’s arrest

C. military commission

D. federal courts

12. Which U.S. President was responsible for the 2001 military order requiring military commissions to try non-U.S. citizens who are or were affiliated with Al Qaida?

A. President George Bush

B. President Bill Clinton

C. President Barack Obama

D. President Donald Trump

13. The Military Commissions Act of 2009 includes all of the following except ______.

A. prohibition on torture

B. prohibition on inhumane treatment

C. prohibition on degrading interrogation methods

D. mandatory Miranda warnings

14. The extraction of human organs or tissues for sale is a form of ______.

A. white-collar crime

B. human trafficking

C. international terrorism

D. domestic terrorism

15. Under the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children definition of human trafficking what age defines “child?”

A. under 18

B. 21

C. 25

D. 30

16. U.S. citizens are more likely to be victims of trafficking for the purpose of ______.

A. sex

B. domestic labor

C. factory labor

D. farm work

17. ______ is a type of trafficking where a homeless person trades sex for food, shelter, or other necessity.

A. Survival sex

B. Migrant sex work

C. Forced marriage

D. Sexual exploitation

18. Many victims of domestic sex trafficking are minors who ______.

A. ran away from home

B. are in foster care

C. were kidnapped

D. are illegal aliens

19. The trade of sexual acts or exploitation is known as ______.

A. human trafficking

B. sex trafficking

C. immigration trafficking

D. juvenile trafficking

20. The online social movement ______ is used to raise greater awareness about the pervasiveness of sexual violence in our culture.

A. #MeToo

B. #SpeakUpSpeakOut

C. #Resist

D. #SayNo

21. National Crime Victimization Survey data shows that from 2014 to 2016 rape and sexual assault reports ______.

A. increased

B. decreased

C. stayed the same

D. we have no record of these reports

22. Who is the founder of the #MeToo Movement?

A. Alyssa Milano

B. Ashley Judd

C. Tarana Burke

D. Gwyneth Paltrow

23. What changed in 2017 that lead to the #MeToo Movement becoming widely known?

A. the widespread use of social media

B. celebrities refusing to work for directors

C. the downfall of the Weinstein Company

D. a change in the social norms of society

24. Which type of crime targets victims and/or their property due to their perceived membership in a particular group?

A. white collar

B. hate

C. corporate

D. victimless

25. A hate crime differs from other types of crime because of its ______.

A. severity

B. victim

C. perpetrator

D. motivation

26. The first hate crime law was the ______.

A. Civil Rights Act of 1871

B. Civil Rights Act of 1964

C. Civil Rights Act of 1991

D. Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009

27. Which group is not explicitly included in federal hate crime laws?

A. religion

B. occupation

C. sexual orientation

D. national origin

28. The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act added ______ as a protected class.

A. age

B. religion

C. race

D. sexual orientation

29. Which U.S. President signed the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act into law in 2009?

A. President George Bush

B. President Bill Clinton

C. President Barack Obama

D. President Donald Trump

30. Most hate crimes in the United States are based on ______.

A. race

B. gender

C. religion

D. disability

31. The catalyst for the Civil Rights Act of 1871 was ______.

A. Ku Klux Klan violence

B. gay rights protests

C. women’s suffrage

D. prison reform

32. Bias-motivated crime is another name for ______.

A. civil rights

B. discrimination

C. premeditated

D. hate crime

33. Which state was the first to pass a hate crime statute?

A. Arizona

B. Maine

C. California

D. Massachusetts

34. What percentage of violent crime in the United States are considered hate crimes?

A. 4%

B. 10%

C. 25%

D. 42%

35. Compared with students at 2 year colleges, students in medical schools and health science centers are ______ more likely to be victims of violence on campus.

A. 3 times

B. 4 times

C. 5 times

D. 6 times

36. Results also indicate that ______ accessibility to and from campus and ______ visibility of the campus is related to higher campus crime rates.

A. greater; greater

B. greater; less

C. less; less

D. less; greater

37. Female college students are the victim of ______ at rates higher than males.

A. violent crime

B. financial fraud

C. property crimes

D. sexual offenses

38. What “common knowledge” misleading statistic is becoming repeated in the media regarding violence against college students?

A. One in five women is raped.

B. Two in seven college students are part of a hate group.

C. Four in five women are raped.

D. One in ten college students experiences a hate crime.

39. In the data available regarding violence against college students, where does a higher percentage of college student victimization occur?

A. off campus

B. on campus

C. classrooms

D. offices

40. Most recent estimates suggest that on-duty law enforcement officers fatally shoot about ______ civilians annually.

A. 1,000

B. 2,000

C. 3,000

D. 4,000

41. According to data documented by the Washington Post in 2015, what racial category was killed by the police at the highest rate?

A. Asian

B. Native American

C. Black

D. White

42. According to data documented by the Washington Post in 2015, what percentage of police shootings have been recorded by a body camera?

A. 51%

B. 31%

C. 11%

D. 1%

43. Police interactions with members of______ have long been questioned.

A. communities of color

B. immigrant communities

C. police-bias communities

D. rural communities

44. In ______ of fatal police shootings, the deceased had a toy weapon.

A. 2%

B.7%

C. 11%

D. 14%

45. In ______ of fatal police shootings, the decreased was unarmed.

A. 2%

B.7%

C. 11%

D. 14%

46. ______ is the use of science to solve crimes.

A. Ballistics

B. Forensic science

C. Profiling

D. Criminology

47. A ______ is a member of a team of scientists and investigators who investigate crimes.

A. crime analyst

B. private investigator

C. paralegal

D. crime scene investigator

48. Which historic event is noted as the first known time that forensic science was used to solve a crime?

A. assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 CE

B. discovery of fingerprints in 1880

C. availability of DNA testing in 1984

D. formation of the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) in 1990

49. DNA is hereditary material found in the ______ of human cells.

A. vesicles

B. nucleus

C. cytoplasm

D. plasma membrane

50. DNA is not present in ______.

A. urine

B. saliva

C. blood

D. semen

51. DNA data are stored in the ______ database.

A. NIBIN

B. CODIS

C. IBIS

D. NCIC

52. The National Integrated Ballistic Information Network is used to identify ______ from crime scenes.

A. fingerprints

B. DNA

C. tire prints

D. shell casings

53. The National Integrated Ballistic Information Network is administered by the ______.

A. CIA

B. FBI

C. ATF

D. DEA

54. ______ computer database houses “fingerprints” for shell casings in the United States.

A. IBIS

B. ATF

C. DEA

D. CSI

55. A ______ is one member of a team of scientists and investigators who investigate crimes.

A. crime scene investigator

B. lead case detective

C. forensic science technician

D. forensic specialist

56. ______ was responsible for the introduction of fingerprinting for the use in the field of criminal justice.

A. Henry Faulds

B. August Vollmer

C. Alec Jefferys

D. William Herschel

57. The ability to use DNA to identify (or exclude) a suspect in a crime began in 1984 with the work of British geneticist ______ and his collegues.

A. Henry Faulds

B. August Vollmer

C. Alec Jefferys

D. William Herschel

58. In 1985, the procedures of DNA fingerprinting was improved, making the process more sensitive, reproducible, and easily cataloged in a computer database. This new approach became known as ______.

A. criminal profiling

B. DNA profiling

C. molecule illustration

D. forensic science

59. The distorted understanding of forensics held by the public due to media representations is the ______ effect.

A. CSI

B. NCIS

C. tech

D. forensic

60. The ______ effect refers to the public’s awareness of modern technology and the expectation that it plays an important role in the criminal justice system.

A. CSI

B. NCIS

C. tech

D. forensic

61. What estimate of the techniques shown on CSI television shows are complete fiction?

A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

62. What is a side effect of the CSI effect when it comes to forensic science?

A. People believe results are delivered instantly.

B. People willingly accept evidence presented to them in trial.

C. People believe that forensic scientists are unbiased.

D. People are not affected by the CSI effect.

63. The CSI effect was evident when a jury member from an actual trial ______.

A. jurors referred to a scene from an episode of CSI

B. asked why police did not dust the lawn for fingerprints

C. jurors found the defendant guilty without seeing evidence

D. the CSI effect has not been proven evident

64. Trafficking of minors and their victimization is a form of child abuse – it is ______.

A. sometimes voluntary

B. always voluntary

C. never voluntary

D. voluntary only for minors

65. Findings indicate that the extent of hate crimes has been stable in recent years and most hate crimes take the form of victimization based on______ affiliation.

A. religious

B. political

C. personal

D. ethical

1. Terrorism is a new threat to the United States.

2. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 were the first to take place on U.S. soil.

3. Prior to the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, information sharing was considered problematic.

4. In the past, terrorists were tried in federal criminal courts.

5. Military commissions follow the federal rules of evidence.

6. Evidence obtained through torture is permitted in cases of international terrorism.

7. Human trafficking does not occur within the United States.

8. Most victims of human trafficking are tricked, threatened, and otherwise coerced.

9. The sexual exploitation of minors in the United States is a form of child abuse.

10. All crimes are hate crimes.

11. Students in medical schools and health science centers are the least likely to be victims of violence on campus.

12. On-duty law enforcement officers fatally shoot approximately 100,000 civilians per year in the United States.

13. A majority of fatal police shootings are recorded on police body cameras.

14. DNA profiling can exonerate those wrongly accused.

15. Identical twins share the same DNA.

16. Each person has a unique set of fingerprints.

17. The use of forensic science in criminal justice is new.

18. DNA profiling is the standard forensic DNA system used in the criminal justice system.

19. DNA, fingerprint, and other evidence are not available at all crime scenes.

20. A result of the CSI effect is that many in the public believe that forensic evidence is available instantly.

1. According to the FBI definition, what are the three elements of terrorism?

2. Explain the role and responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security.

3. Explain the difference between international and domestic terrorism and provide examples of each.

4. Describe how military commissions differ from a traditional federal court.

5. Explain how those who have voluntarily entered the world of human trafficking are still considered to be victims.

6. Describe the forms that human trafficking takes in the United States.

7. Explain how hate crimes differ from other types of crime.

8. Explain why some researchers and lawmakers are against the concept of a “hate crime.”

9. Identify the classes of people that are protected under hate crime laws in the United States.

10. Explain how violence against college students differs from college campus violence, and why this difference matters.

11. Explain how data on fatal police shootings are gathered and recorded.

12. Discuss the opportunities and limitations of body cameras for police.

13. What are the requirements for becoming a forensic science technician?

14. Identify the different ways that forensic science aids criminal investigations.

15. Explain the difference between the CSI effect and the tech effect.