Pregnancy And Childbirth Chapter 6 Test Questions & Answers

Chapter 6 | Pregnancy and Childbirth

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Prior to fertilization, approximately how many sperm will reach the egg?
   1. 200 to 300
   2. 2,000 to 3,000
   3. 20,000 to 30,000
   4. 2,000,000 to 3,000,000
2. What physiological structure creates nourishment, transfers oxygen, and produces hormones that help a fetus thrive during pregnancy?
   1. The amniotic sac
   2. The placenta
   3. The uterine walls
   4. The umbilical cord
3. Which of the following is the most important for fertilization to occur?
   1. Sperm entering the vagina
   2. Ovulation
   3. At least 200 to 300 sperm surviving the trip up the fallopian tube
   4. Sperm entering the correct fallopian tube
4. Where in a woman’s body does fertilization of an egg take place?
   1. Ovaries
   2. Vagina
   3. Uterus
   4. Fallopian tubes
5. What is the best-known sign of pregnancy?
   1. Cessation of menstruation
   2. Detection of HCG
   3. Breast tenderness
   4. Rise in basal body temperature
6. Maria is pregnant. The first day of her last menstrual period was 15 of March. Using Nägele’s rule, what is the expected delivery date of Maria’s baby?
   1. 22 December
   2. 12 December
   3. 26 December
   4. 18 December
7. A doctor notices that the area between Pam’s uterus and cervix is soft. What does this indicate?
   1. That Pam is ovulating
   2. That Pam is infertile
   3. That Pam is menstruating
   4. That Pam is pregnant
8. Zhang is pregnant with one baby, and her last menstrual period was 265 days ago. Based on a normal gestation period, when should she deliver her baby?
   1. In 10 days
   2. In 15 days
   3. In 20 days
   4. In 25 days
9. An ultrasound reveals for the first time a faint, tiny umbilical cord in Anja’s unborn baby. Anja is likely in which month of her pregnancy?
   1. Second
   2. Fourth
   3. First
   4. Third
10. Ann is a primiparous woman who has just felt her fetus move for the first time. Ann is likely how far into her pregnancy?
    1. 13 weeks
    2. 16 weeks
    3. 19 weeks
    4. 22 weeks
11. Which of the following is a reason for a woman to abstain from intercourse during pregnancy?
    1. The amniotic sac has ruptured at the start of labour and sexual activity can increase the risk of fetal infection.
    2. She is midway through her pregnancy and an orgasm can cause preterm labour.
    3. It is late in her pregnancy and semen can rupture the amniotic sac.
    4. It is very early in her pregnancy and intercourse can cause miscarriage.
12. Which type of primary caregiver during birth is associated with the highest birth satisfaction rates in Canada?
    1. A midwife
    2. A family doctor
    3. An obstetrician
    4. A nurse practitioner
13. If a woman is pregnant in India, what foods will she avoid?
    1. Green vegetables
    2. Meat
    3. Wheat
    4. Milk
14. Hillary has been in labour for three hours. In which stage is she most likely?
    1. Stage 1
    2. Stage 2
    3. Stage 3
    4. Stage 4
15. During the first stage of childbirth, what is the purpose of contractions?
    1. To push the fetus from the uterus and into the birth canal
    2. To dilate the cervix
    3. To push the fetus from the birth canal out of the woman’s body
    4. To break the amniotic sac, allowing the child to be born
16. Which of the following is true about episiotomies?
    1. They speed up the birth process, which is beneficial to the fetus.
    2. They have no effect on whether or not a woman will have tearing due to childbirth.
    3. They are more common in the United Kingdom than in North America.
    4. They greatly reduce the likelihood of infection due to tearing during childbirth.
17. Claudette is in labour, and her doctor has determined that her baby is in the breech position. Which of the following is Claudette’s doctor likely to perform?
    1. Episiotomy
    2. C-section
    3. Vaginal delivery
    4. Vacuum extraction
18. Approximately what percentage of obstetricians would choose a C-section for themselves or their partners?
    1. 42 per cent
    2. 28 per cent
    3. 17 per cent
    4. 8 per cent
19. What is the strongest predictor of paternal depression following the birth of a child?
    1. Having a partner with maternal depression
    2. Having two or more children in the home
    3. Having a history of depression prior to the birth of the child
    4. Having a stressful work environment
20. What does Health Canada recommend for the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
    1. Three months
    2. Six months
    3. Twelve months
    4. Two years
21. Which of the following can be caused by oxytocin?
    1. Postpartum depression
    2. Dyspareunia
    3. Amenorrhea
    4. Sexual arousal during breastfeeding
22. What is the most common reason for miscarriage?
    1. A defect in the fetus
    2. Too few pregnancy hormones
    3. Maternal substance use
    4. Too many pregnancy hormones
23. Which of the following is responsible for 6 per cent of all pregnancy-related maternal deaths?
    1. Rh incompatibility
    2. Spontaneous abortions
    3. Anoxia
    4. Ectopic pregnancies
24. What hormone is released in a postpartum woman’s body to stimulate the production of milk?
    1. Progesterone
    2. Oxytocin
    3. Prolactin
    4. Estrogen
25. Reduced sexual interest in lactating mothers may be related to changes in which of the following hormone(s)?
    1. Estrogen
    2. Prolactin
    3. Androgens
    4. Progesterone
26. Laurie and Hannah had their babies on the same day 12 weeks ago and have both decided to wait at least three years before having another child. Laurie is breastfeeding and Hannah is bottle feeding. Which is most likely to be true?
    1. Laurie and Hannah are equally likely to become pregnant if neither uses birth control.
    2. Laurie is more likely than Hannah to become pregnant soon because the hormones related to breastfeeding encourage ovulation.
    3. Laurie is less likely than Hannah to become pregnant soon because breastfeeding releases hormones that discourage ovulation.
    4. Hannah is less likely than Laurie to become pregnant soon because she has no sex drive; the sex drive is slow to return when you bottle-feed.
27. Bethany had a miscarriage. What is the likelihood that she will experience depression or anxiety as a result?
    1. 10 per cent
    2. 25 per cent
    3. 50 per cent
    4. 75 per cent
28. Sandra had an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test done in the second trimester of her pregnancy, which revealed that her AFP levels were elevated. Which of the following can cause the appearance of elevated AFP levels?
    1. Fetal alcohol syndrome
    2. Neural tube defects
    3. Tay-Sachs disease
    4. Down’s syndrome
29. Which of the following procedures puts the pregnancy at greatest risk?
    1. An ultrasound
    2. Chorionic villi sampling
    3. Tests for alpha-fetoprotein
    4. Amniocentesis
30. Dr. Klein is most likely to recommend an amniocentesis to which of the following patients?
    1. Lisa, who is 35 years old and has a son with Down’s syndrome
    2. Samirah, who is 29 years old and is having her third child
    3. Pauline, who is 28 years old and is having her first child
    4. Kasia, who is 40 years old and is having her second child
31. What is one cause of a change in rates of low birth-weight babies in the past 20 years?
    1. Improved prenatal care has caused an increase in low birth weight babies by increasing the odds that a child with a condition that may cause low birth weight will survive pregnancy.
    2. An increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology that has resulted in more multiple births.
    3. Improved prenatal care has caused a decrease in low birth weight babies by improving maternal health.
    4. An increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology that has resulted in fewer multiple births.
32. Which of the following babies would be considered to be at greatest risk of health and developmental challenges?
    1. A baby born at 28 weeks who is the normal weight for a baby at 28 weeks
    2. A baby born at 32 weeks who is the normal weight for a baby born at 34 weeks
    3. A baby born at 31 weeks who weighs the normal weight for a baby born at 29 weeks
    4. A baby born at 40 weeks that weighs what is average for a baby born at 37 weeks
33. Which of the following most accurately reflects the trend in infertility cases?
    1. Infertility resulting from men is more common than from women; in 60 per cent of cases it is the man who is infertile.
    2. Infertility resulting from women is more common than from men; in 60 per cent of cases it is the woman who is infertile.
    3. Infertility resulting from men and women is roughly equal, at 40 per cent each.
    4. There are no obvious trends in the data.
34. When is a male considered to have low sperm count?
    1. When he is producing less than 10 million sperm per millilitre
    2. When he is producing less than 20 million sperm per millilitre
    3. When he is producing less than 40 million sperm per millilitre
    4. When he is producing less than 80 million sperm per millilitre
35. What did a survey of psychological impacts of infertility on couples find?
    1. Normal self-esteem levels
    2. Normal levels of conflict in the marriage
    3. Normal marital satisfaction
    4. Normal sexual satisfaction
36. Which of the following is NOT prohibited under Canada’s Assisted Human Reproduction Act?
    1. Buying and selling human embryos
    2. Pre-selecting embryos based on sex
    3. Research using embryos
    4. Human cloning
37. Why is a clone not 100 per cent identical to its parent?
    1. The clone receives half of its DNA from each parent.
    2. Genetic mutations are common during the cloning process.
    3. The clone receives some genetic material from the mitochondria of the original egg.
    4. The clone is 100 per cent identical to its parent.
38. Diego and Sofia are experiencing fertility issues. Which method of assisted reproductive technology is most likely to result in a successful pregnancy?
    1. Using thawed embryos from donor eggs
    2. Using thawed embryos from Sofia’s eggs
    3. Using fresh embryos from donor eggs
    4. Using fresh embryos from the Sofia’s eggs
39. Emilie and Philippe are at the fertility clinic and have chosen the method known as AID. Why might they have chosen this particular method?
    1. Emilie has Turner’s syndrome.
    2. Philippe’s sperm count is normal, but they are having trouble conceiving a child.
    3. Philippe has cystic fibrosis.
    4. Emilie has obstructed fallopian tubes.
40. Sarah and Matthew have opted for artificial insemination in an attempt to conceive a child. They have chosen a method where the sperm will fertilize the egg naturally in Sarah’s body. Which method did they choose?
    1. Intrauterine insemination
    2. Zygote intrafallopian transfer
    3. Intracervical insemination
    4. Gamete intrafallopian transfer
41. Jasmine is hoping to become pregnant. On what day of her menstrual cycle is she most likely to ovulate?
    1. Day 10
    2. Day 22
    3. Day 14
    4. Day 18
42. How far can sperm swim in one hour?
    1. 3 to 4 cm
    2. 1 to 3 cm
    3. 0.5 to 1 cm
    4. 2 to 5 cm
43. The zona pellucida is part of the __________.
    1. sperm
    2. fallopian tube
    3. placenta
    4. egg
44. For every 100 XX chromosome zygotes __________ XY zygotes are conceived.
    1. 95
    2. 101
    3. 106
    4. 110
45. Katie thinks she is pregnant because she hasn’t had a period in eight weeks. However, when she takes a home pregnancy test, it is negative. What is a likely reason for the negative result?
    1. It’s too early into the pregnancy for a test to be conclusive.
    2. She is vegetarian.
    3. She is expecting a boy.
    4. Stress can cause a “missed” period.
46. The corpus luteum eventually develops into __________.
    1. the egg
    2. the spinal cord
    3. the placenta
    4. the gamete
47. How long after conception can a practitioner begin to feel a soft spot between the uterine body and the cervix (Hegar’s sign)?
    1. One month
    2. Two weeks
    3. Six weeks
    4. Two months
48. Jamie is at the doctor and about to hear her baby’s heartbeat for the first time. She has been at the doctor earlier in the pregnancy but it was too soon to hear the heart. About how far along is Jamie most likely in her pregnancy?
    1. Three or four months
    2. Four or five months
    3. One or two months
    4. Two or three months
49. What provides the fetus with nourishment and oxygen from the mother’s blood?
    1. The gamete
    2. The amniotic sac
    3. The placenta
    4. The amniotic fluid
50. Olivia is pregnant and wondering when her baby will develop facial features. Her doctor explains that facial features first appear in __________ of pregnancy.
    1. the first trimester
    2. the germinal stage
    3. the second trimester
    4. the third trimester
51. Ashley is 10 weeks pregnant and experiencing severe morning sickness. Her doctor reassures her that while it is unpleasant, it predicts that __________.
    1. Ashley is having a girl
    2. Ashley is less likely to miscarry
    3. Ashley is having a boy
    4. Ashley is not having twins
52. Shasta is pregnant, and her doctor notes that she is “primiparous,” which means that __________.
    1. Shasta’s placenta is blocking her cervix
    2. Shasta is carrying only one baby
    3. Shasta’s baby is in the breech position
    4. Shasta is pregnant for the first time
53. Adrienne is pregnant for the first time and thinks she just felt her baby move for the first time. What week of pregnancy is Adrienne most likely in?
    1. 19
    2. 13
    3. 15
    4. 17
54. At the end of the __________ month of pregnancy the development of the brain and nervous system is complete.
    1. sixth
    2. seventh
    3. eighth
    4. fifth
55. Daisha is a healthy full-term baby born just two hours ago. She most likely weighs about __________ grams.
    1. 5800
    2. 2200
    3. 4600
    4. 3400
56. Andie is overweight and pregnant. Her doctor hopes that she will __________.
    1. gain less weight than would be ideal for a normal-weight woman
    2. gain the same amount of weight that would be ideal for a normal-weight woman
    3. not gain any weight with the pregnancy
    4. gain more weight than would be ideal for a normal-weight woman
57. When during pregnancy is a woman most likely to be interested in engaging in sexual activity?
    1. The first half of the third trimester
    2. The first trimester
    3. The second trimester
    4. The second half of the third trimester
58. Which of the following effects of pregnancy can increase sensitivity in many erogenous zones?
    1. Vasocongestion
    2. Oxytocin
    3. Edema
    4. Estrogen
59. Women are MOST satisfied with their childbirth experience if the childbirth was attended by a(n) __________.
    1. midwife
    2. family doctor
    3. friend
    4. obstetrician
60. Midwives care for their patients during their pregnancy until __________.
    1. one week after they give birth
    2. six weeks after they give birth
    3. they give birth
    4. two weeks after they give birth
61. What is a doula?
    1. A birthing chair
    2. A labour coach
    3. A surgical procedure
    4. A fertility charm
62. Priya lives in India and is pregnant. Which of the following foods is she most likely to consume?
    1. Wheat
    2. Lentils
    3. Garlic
    4. Meat
63. What is the term for the process in which a fetus positions the widest part of its head against the mother’s pelvic bones?
    1. Effacement
    2. Spinal block
    3. Episiotomy
    4. Engagement
64. Megan is just beginning stage 1 of labour. The contractions she is experiencing are __________.
    1. helping to dislodge the placenta from the uterine wall
    2. helping to dilate the cervix
    3. Braxton-Hicks contractions
    4. moving the baby past her cervix
65. If a primiparous woman is in labour, about how long will stage 1 last?
    1. 2 hours
    2. 8 hours
    3. 4 hours
    4. 6 hours
66. A woman’s “water breaking” is most closely associated with which of the following?
    1. C-section
    2. Engagement
    3. The amniotic sac
    4. The mucous plug
67. During the early phase of stage 1 of labour the cervix dilates to __________.
    1. 8 cm
    2. 10 cm
    3. 1 cm
    4. 4 cm
68. Isla is in the active phase of stage 1 of labour. During this phase her cervix is in the process of dilating __________.
    1. from 1 to 4 cm
    2. from 10 to 12 cm
    3. from 4 to 8 cm
    4. from 8 to 10 cm
69. During the transition phase of stage 1 of labour, the cervix dilates to __________ cm.
    1. 4
    2. 10
    3. 2
    4. 8
70. The __________ phase of stage 1 of labour is often the shortest and most difficult.
    1. transition
    2. engagement
    3. active
    4. early
71. Abbie is in the shortest phase of stage 1 labour. Her doctor refers to this phase as __________.
    1. the early phase
    2. transition
    3. engagement
    4. the active phase
72. When does stage 2 of labour begin?
    1. After the placenta is delivered
    2. After the cervix is fully dilated
    3. After the baby is delivered
    4. When engagement occurs
73. When during labour does the baby’s head begin to move into the vagina?
    1. During engagement
    2. During stage 2
    3. During transition
    4. During the active phase
74. A primiparous mother can expect to spend about __________ in stage 2 of labour.
    1. 100 minutes
    2. 60 minutes
    3. 80 minutes
    4. 20 minutes
75. Which of the following procedures is no longer endorsed for routine deliveries?
    1. Doulas
    2. Episiotomy
    3. Anaesthesia
    4. Bearing down
76. Which of the following tends to slow down the progress of labour?
    1. Midwife assistance
    2. Doulas
    3. Analgesics
    4. Having taken birthing classes
77. If the baby and mother are well, what is the first thing that should occur after delivery?
    1. Bathing the baby in a warm tub
    2. Removal of the umbilical stump
    3. Skin-to-skin contact
    4. Naming the baby
78. Which of the following is the LEAST common in new mothers?
    1. Postpartum depression
    2. Postpartum blues
    3. Postpartum psychosis
    4. No postpartum psychological effects
79. Which of the following can be difficult to detect?
    1. Postpartum depression
    2. Breech babies
    3. Whether a mother is primiparous
    4. Expulsion of the placenta
80. What did researchers find when they compared the health outcomes of siblings where one baby was breastfed and the other fed only formula?
    1. Breastfed babies were healthier but also more likely to be obese.
    2. Breastfed babies were healthier.
    3. There were no differences between the groups.
    4. Formula babies were healthier.
81. When do mothers begin to produce colostrum?
    1. Two to three days after birth
    2. One to two weeks after birth
    3. After breastfeeding for five days
    4. Right after giving birth
82. Which of the following causes uterine contractions during breastfeeding?
    1. Oxytocin
    2. Vasopressin
    3. Progesterone
    4. Androgens
83. Which of the following is a pregnancy complication that can result in seizures?
    1. Rh incompatibility
    2. Effacement
    3. Episiotomy
    4. Eclampsia
84. In order to reduce the risk of miscarriage, amniocentesis should be carried out __________.
    1. after the 20th week of pregnancy
    2. during the 12th week of pregnancy
    3. before the 20th week of pregnancy
    4. before the 8th week of pregnancy
85. Trish and George have conceived several times but have miscarried every time. What type of infertility do Trish and George have?
    1. Tertiary
    2. Psychological
    3. Primary
    4. Secondary
86. If a researcher studied 100 men who were between the ages of 20 and 40, approximately how many of those men would have be considered to have a problem with fertility?
    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 4
87. Regan was identified as having a low sperm count. This means he produces __________ million or less sperm per millilitre of semen.
    1. 10
    2. 30
    3. 40
    4. 20
88. The most common cause of fertility problems in women relates to __________.
    1. the thickness of the cervix
    2. high levels of progesterone
    3. the shape of the uterus
    4. ovulation
89. Paige became pregnant after using clomiphene citrate. What is the probability that she will be carrying two or more babies?
    1. 30 per cent
    2. 20 per cent
    3. 40 per cent
    4. 10 per cent
90. Laila is expecting twins. She asked her doctor when she will likely give birth. The doctor said that the mean gestational age at birth for twins is __________.
    1. 35 weeks
    2. 30 weeks
    3. 33 weeks
    4. 37 weeks

Short Answer Questions

Sperm typically live for __________ hours inside a woman’s body.

The thinning and shortening of the cervix during labour is known as __________.

For a few weeks after giving birth, Amanda cried often and was anxious, but after that she was feeling happy again. Amanda was likely suffering from __________ __________.

Studies have found that approximately __________ per cent of pregnancies are miscarried by the sixth week after the last menstrual period.

Approximately 60 to 80 per cent of deaths of infants without congenital anomalies is related to __________ __________.

In the AIH method of assisted human reproduction, sperm from a partner or __________ is used for fertilization.

A baby has low birth weight if its weight at birth is less than the average weight for its __________ __________.

Julie needs help getting pregnant but does not want a method that involves any fertilized eggs to be frozen or discarded. The best method for Julie to choose in order to conceive is __________ __________ __________(three words).

Breastfeeding changes the fertility of the woman by causing __________ __________.

The __________ is delivered in the final stage of labour.

Most home pregnancy tests detect __________ in the blood.

The process of __________ removes of the plasma membrane overlying the sperm to allow for greater binding between the sperm and the egg.

The normal human gestation period is __________ days.

A baby born nearer to the beginning of the __________ month of gestation has about a 90 per cent chance of survival.

Monica’s cervix is dilating from 8 to 10 cm. She is in the __________ phase of stage 1 of labour.

Malin is in labour and has asked for analgesics. An anaesthesiologists injects an anesthetic into a space in Malin’s spinal canal. Malin has received a(n) __________.

When a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than in the inner lining of the uterus, it is referred to as a(n) __________ __________.

An Rh-negative mother who may be carrying an Rh-positive fetus should get an injection of __________ to eliminate the possibility of D-antigen incompatibility.

The main symptoms of __________ are high blood pressure, protein in the urine, edema and swelling.

A couple who has never been able to conceive is categorized as having __________ infertility.

Essay Questions

1. Describe the pros and cons of a woman undergoing an elective C-section delivery.
2. Compare and contrast postpartum blues with postpartum depression
3. Describe two critiques of using pain management during a vaginal delivery.
4. Compare artificial insemination (AI) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).
5. Jackie is 39-weeks pregnant with her first child and is feeling contractions about five minutes apart. Describe how her labour and delivery will most likely progress from this point until her baby is one hour old.