Test Bank Answers Genital Anatomy And Sexual Response Ch.4

Chapter 4 | Genital Anatomy and Sexual Response

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the vulva?
   1. Vagina
   2. Clitoris
   3. Labia majora
   4. Labia minora
2. The external genitals of the female consist of the mons pubis, the clitoris, the labia majora, the labia minora, the vulvar vestibule, and the urethral and vaginal openings. Together, these organs are called the ____________.
   1. vulva
   2. pubis majora
   3. uterus
   4. cervix
3. What is the rounded fatty pad of tissue that covers the pubic symphysis (the place where the left and right sides of the pelvis meet in the midline) that is sensitive to touch?
   1. Mons pubis
   2. Vagina
   3. Labia majora
   4. Vulva
4. A 2016 study indicated that ____________ per cent of women reported engaging in some kind of pubic hair grooming.
   1. 4
   2. 14
   3. 84
   4. 44
5. What is the only known function of the clitoris?
   1. Passing urine
   2. Pheromonal signalling
   3. Sexual pleasure
   4. Padding and protection
6. Janice regularly removes all of her pubic hair. According to the online survey by Herbenick and colleagues from 2010, what kind of woman she would most likely be?
   1. Young, likely to engage in oral sex, and having a positive perception of her genitals
   2. Young, likely to avoid oral sex, and concerned about the cleanliness of her genitals
   3. Older, likely to engage in oral sex, and considering her genitals unattractive
   4. Older, avoiding oral sex, and considering her genitals unattractive
7. Why does pubic hair exist?
   1. For sexual communication through pheromonal signalling, by helping to dissipate volatile compounds
   2. To provide protective padding during the friction of intercourse
   3. To signal sexual maturity
   4. All of the above
8. What is the function of the clitoris?
   1. Pleasure
   2. Stimulation of pubic hair growth
   3. To signal the release of eggs during the menstrual cycle
   4. All of the above
9. What are the secretions made up of dead skin cells, oils, and moisture, which can form in the genital folds of males and females?
   1. Smegma
   2. Ejaculate
   3. Perinea
   4. Crus
10. Where is smegma most commonly found?
    1. Under the clitoral hood and the foreskin
    2. Around the anus
    3. Only in the foreskin of uncircumcised males
    4. The perineum
11. What erectile tissue can be found in both male and female sexual anatomy?
    1. Corpora cavernosa
    2. Urethra
    3. Labia majora
    4. Skene’s gland
12. What is also known as the “outer lips” and is made up of pads of fatty tissue lateral to the labia minora and the urethral and vaginal openings?
    1. Labia majora
    2. Clitoris
    3. Mons pubis
    4. Cervix
13. What is also known as “the inner lips” and are hairless folds for skin that extend upward and forward toward the clitoris to form the clitoral hood (prepuce), and meet posterior to the vaginal opening, in an area called the fourchette?
    1. Labia minora
    2. Clitoris
    3. Labia majora
    4. Perineum
14. Which of the following is important for sexual stimulation and arousal in the female?
    1. Labia minora
    2. Labia majora
    3. Clitoris
    4. All of the above
15. What is the teardrop-shaped area of the vulva inside the labia minora within which lie the vaginal and urethral openings?
    1. Vulvar vestibule
    2. Labia majora
    3. Clitoris
    4. Cervix
16. Louise is considering a labiaplasty, but her family doctor warns her of potential risks. What do they include?
    1. Unpleasant hypersensitivity in the area
    2. Decrease in pleasurable sensations
    3. Scarring
    4. All of the above
17. An “excisor” has just performed female genital mutilation on her granddaughter. According to research by Chalmers and Omer-Hashi (2003), what would she NOT use to cover the wound?
    1. Bat guano
    2. Cow dung
    3. Porridge
    4. Eggs
18. A female virgin who hasn’t had her first period yet comes to a doctor with abdominal cramps but no bleeding. The doctor says she is in fact menstruating but the hymen traps the blood. What kind of hymen does she have?
    1. Imperforate
    2. Microperforate
    3. Triperforate
    4. Septate
19. Which of the following is NOT true of the hymen?
    1. It is an accurate indication of virginity.
    2. It can be torn during sport or some other non-sexual activity.
    3. In some cultures it is used as an indicator of virginity.
    4. It can sometimes be partial, thin, and/or flexible enough to remain intact even after intercourse.
20. Which of the following is true of girls raised in countries where female circumcision is common?
    1. The girls are raised knowing what the surgery consists of and knowing they will undergo the procedure when they are about ten years old.
    2. The girls are raised knowing what the procedure involves and that they will undergo the procedure when they begin menstruating.
    3. The girls are told stories detailing the surgery as part of normal childhood.
    4. The girls know little about the procedure as codes of secrecy surround it both before and after it is performed.
21. When surveyed, what do most women who have undergone female circumcision report?
    1. They are happy to have had the procedure.
    2. They feel ashamed to have had the procedure.
    3. They experienced no change in sensation in their genitals.
    4. They have no sexual sensation in any area of their genitals.
22. Felicity is very concerned about the cleanliness of her body, including her vagina. Washing between the vulvar folds is not enough for her, so she uses vaginal douches every day just to feel fresh. What condition is she risking?
    1. Endometriosis
    2. Ectopic pregnancy
    3. Decreased fertility
    4. All of the above
23. Which of the following is NOT true of vaginal lubrication?
    1. It is primarily designed for childbirth to lubricate the passage.
    2. It generally begins 10-30 seconds after effective sexual stimulation.
    3. It raises the chances of conception.
    4. It increases sexual pleasure.
24. Elaine feels that her vagina is not lubricating enough during sexual intercourse. Which of the following is NOT a good substance to help her lubricate the vagina?
    1. Massage oil
    2. A lubricated condom
    3. Saliva
    4. A water-based lubricant
25. Joanne would like to locate her G-spot. Where should she direct her fingers?
    1. To the front vaginal wall, 5 cm from the vaginal opening
    2. To the back vaginal wall, 5 cm from the vaginal opening
    3. To the front vaginal wall, 1 cm from the vaginal opening
    4. To the back vaginal wall, 1 cm from the vaginal opening
26. Soo Yeon has been stimulating her G-spot area, but she doesn’t feel any special pleasure from it. Should she be concerned?
    1. No, because studies show that 40% of women don’t find the G-spot area highly sensitive at all.
    2. No, because G-spot is a myth disproved by numerous studies.
    3. Yes, and she should ask her family doctor about a G-spot amplification procedure.
    4. Yes, because studies show that 100% of healthy women reach orgasm through G-spot stimulation.
27. The Skene’s glands are now believed to ________________.
    1. contribute to the sensitivity of the G-spot
    2. stimulate sexual hormones in the female
    3. fill with blood during sexual arousal to produce swelling in the vulvar area
    4. All of the above
28. What is considered to be the female equivalent of the male prostate gland?
    1. The Skene’s gland
    2. The Bartholin gland
    3. The vestibular bulbs
    4. The glans
29. From which organ does the fluid of female ejaculation exit?
    1. The anus
    2. The vagina
    3. The urethra
    4. The clitoris
30. Which of the following is true about the G-spot?
    1. It is a hyper-sensitive region of the vulva present in all women.
    2. It is a small erogenous zone within the pelvic region of all women.
    3. It can be accentuated effectively with surgical intervention.
    4. It is difficult to study because stimulating the G-spot also stimulates many other areas.
31. Which of the following best describes the cervix?
    1. The bottom third of the uterus
    2. A sphincter muscle at the bottom of the uterus
    3. The area covered by the hymen
    4. The relay station of the female erogenous zone
32. Kate is pregnant, but she doesn’t want anyone to find out. She needs to terminate the pregnancy, but she can’t go to a clinic. She wants to perform the abortion herself, with a coat hanger. What injury is she risking the most?
    1. She might pierce the vaginal wall in the posterior fornix and cause infection in the abdominal cavity.
    2. She might pierce through the vaginal wall to the bladder and cause a kidney infection.
    3. She might scratch the cervix and cause cervical cancer.
    4. She might pierce through the vaginal wall to the rectum and cause infection in the abdominal cavity.
33. Anna told you her family doctor warned her she was in a high-risk group for cervical cancer, but she didn’t tell you why. Why could that be?
    1. She’s been using birth control pills for over five years.
    2. She hasn’t had regular Pap tests.
    3. She’s had many sexual partners.
    4. All of the above
34. What is the earliest sign of cervical cancer?
    1. Abnormal bleeding
    2. Cervical dysplasia
    3. Pain during urination
    4. Vaginal discharge
35. Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
    1. Endometrium
    2. Perimetrium
    3. Myometrium
    4. Labium
36. When a female begins to menstruate she possesses approximately how many ova?
    1. 1,000,000
    2. 500,000
    3. 250,000
    4. 100,000
37. What is the most likely reason we cannot locate the “G-spot”?
    1. The roots of the clitoris lie just to the sides of this region, and any pressure on the anterior vaginal wall in the area of the Skene’s glands is likely to indirectly stimulate the clitoral roots as well as the urethra.
    2. Recent research indicates that the G-spot does not really exist; in fact most women are experiencing misattributed orgasm.
    3. The G-spot is elusive and shifts in position in most women depending on the menstrual cycle.
    4. All of the above
38. Why is dysplasia of the cervix a concern for a female’s health?
    1. Because it can develop into cancer if left untreated
    2. Because it is often cancerous
    3. Because it displaces the anatomical structure of the uterus and contributes to infertility
    4. Because it does not respond to most medical treatments
39. What are the 3 sections of the penis?
    1. Root, shaft, glans
    2. Base, tube, head
    3. Root, tube, head
    4. Crura, head, glans
40. What is the spongy tube that runs the length of the penis and contains the urethra called?
    1. Corpus spongiosum
    2. Corpora cavernosa
    3. Crura
    4. Shaft
41. Where in a woman’s body does the fertilization of an ovum typically occur?
    1. In the uterus
    2. In the fimbriae
    3. In the infundibulum
    4. In the ovary
42. Worldwide, approximately what percentage of men are circumcised?
    1. 10 per cent
    2. 30 per cent
    3. 50 per cent
    4. 70 per cent
43. In 2011, “intactivists” in the US fought to have what practice banned?
    1. Male circumcision
    2. Female circumcision
    3. Labiaplasty
    4. Castration
44. What have researchers found about the sensitivity of the glans of circumcised versus uncircumcised penises?
    1. Circumcision decreases sensitivity.
    2. Circumcision has no effect on sensitivity.
    3. Circumcision heightens sensitivity.
    4. Research has not produced any conclusive results.
45. Which province has the highest percentage of circumcised males?
    1. Alberta
    2. Ontario
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. British Columbia
46. Which structure of the penis remains spongy when engorged with blood so as not to impede urination or ejaculation?
    1. The corpus cavernosa
    2. The corpus spongiosum
    3. The glans
    4. The urethra
47. In Ancient Greece, what type of penis was preferred, as it was considered to make conception more likely?
    1. A large penis
    2. A small penis
    3. A penis that angled left
    4. A penis that angled right
48. Which of the following statements is true?
    1. More than half of all men believe their penis is larger than average.
    2. Larger flaccid penises increase more in size than small flaccid penises when they become erect.
    3. The average penis is about 7 cm long when flaccid.
    4. Smaller flaccid penises increase more in size than larger flaccid penises when they become erect.
49. If a man is standing up with an erection, what is the average angle of the penis?
    1. 10 degrees above horizontal
    2. 10 degrees below horizontal
    3. 20 degrees above horizontal
    4. 5 degrees below horizontal
50. Which sex organ includes the dartos muscle?
    1. The penis
    2. The cervix
    3. The scrotum
    4. The uterus
51. More men believe that their penis is _____________.
    1. smaller than average
    2. larger than average
    3. average
    4. None of the above
52. What involuntary muscle responds to temperature and contracts if the testes are cold, causing the testes to rise, the scrotum to look smaller, and the skin of the scrotum to wrinkle?
    1. Dartos
    2. Pelvic
    3. Scrotum
    4. Epididymis
53. What are the testes analogous to?
    1. Ovaries
    2. Fallopian tubes
    3. Eggs
    4. Fimbriae
54. The cremaster is essential for which of the following?
    1. Keeping sperm healthy
    2. Producing sperm
    3. Maintaining an erection
    4. Ejaculation
55. In the Middle Ages, why did men sometimes have their left testicles removed?
    1. As a form of contraception
    2. Because they believed that sperm from the right testicle produced male children
    3. Because they believed that sperm from the right testicle produced female children
    4. As a court-ordered punishment for adultery
56. When a male is hit in the scrotum, where does he feel the pain?
    1. In the scrotum and down the legs
    2. Deep in the body where the testes first developed
    3. In the penis and scrotum where the nerves in the two areas are interconnected
    4. Localized in the scrotum
57. Historically, eunuchs have had _________.
    1. completely asexual lifestyles
    2. celibate lifestyles despite interest in sex
    3. a variety of sexual, asexual, and celibate roles in society
    4. such difficulty with erections that they have been unable to perform sexually
58. What will happen if a boy is castrated before puberty so he can serve as a eunuch?
    1. He will go through normal puberty and be indistinguishable from other male adults but will not be able to ejaculate.
    2. He will not develop secondary sexual characteristics and will be taller than average.
    3. He will not experience a change in penis size with puberty but he will develop normal secondary sexual characteristics.
    4. He will stop growing taller and not develop secondary sexual characteristics.
59. Luis is a male with a full beard, an increased risk of developing diabetes and osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes. Which of the following is most likely true?
    1. Luis was castrated as a young child.
    2. Luis was chemically treated for prostate cancer.
    3. Luis has no interest in being sexual.
    4. Luis probably has a high voice.
60. Suodan has released more than the average teaspoon of semen during his last ejaculation. Which of the following statements could be true?
    1. Suodan is a younger male.
    2. Suodan took a long time to become fully aroused.
    3. Suodan had not ejaculated for a long time.
    4. All of the above
61. Miguel had an elective surgery that reduced his likelihood of developing prostate cancer but caused him to lose muscle mass and gain weight. What procedure did Miguel likely undergo?
    1. Castration
    2. A vasectomy
    3. Adult circumcision
    4. Prostate surgery
62. In North America today, what is chemical castration a common treatment for?
    1. Repeat sexual offenders
    2. Obesity
    3. Antisocial personality disorder
    4. Prostate cancer
63. Where are sperm produced?
    1. In the interstitial cells
    2. In the seminiferous tubules
    3. In the epididymis
    4. In the vas deferens
64. What was the purpose of castration of pre-pubescent males in Europe in 17th to 19th centuries?
    1. To alter development and enhance the operatic voices of the castrati
    2. To maintain infertility of unwanted races
    3. To change the size of the male penis for sexual pleasure among the upper class
    4. All of the above
65. Why are most men androgen-deprived through chemical castration in the modern world?
    1. To treat prostate cancer
    2. To treat mental illness
    3. To treat testicular cancer
    4. To treat SARS
66. Long, thin, coiled tubes that are packed into the testes are called ____________.
    1. Seminiferous tubules
    2. Vas deferens
    3. Seminal vesicles
    4. Spermatic cords
67. What carries the sperm up through the lower abdominal wall (via the inguinal canal) and around the bladder to the prostate gland?
    1. Vas deferens
    2. Seminiferous tubules
    3. Epididymis
    4. Testes
68. What are the two tubular glands next to the prostate gland, near the ends of the vas deferens that secrete a sugary, alkaline fluid that constitutes up to 70 per cent of the male ejaculate?
    1. Seminal vesicles
    2. Seminiferous tubules
    3. Vas deferens
    4. Testes
69. What secretes a thin, milky, alkaline fluid, resulting in a chemically safe environment to maintain sperm?
    1. Prostate gland
    2. Seminal vesicles
    3. Vas deferens
    4. Testes
70. What proportion of Canadian men can expect to be diagnosed with prostate cancer?
    1. 1 in 3
    2. 1 in 5
    3. 1 in 7
    4. 1 in 9
71. What is the purpose of the fluid produced by the seminal vesicles?
    1. It has no fully determined purpose.
    2. It stops sperm from dying when they enter the female body.
    3. It comprises 30 per cent of each ejaculation.
    4. It is the only chemical produced during sex with high salinity.
72. What is the main function of the prostate gland?
    1. To support erections
    2. To produce sperm
    3. To produce chemicals that provide an ideal environment for sperm to live
    4. To push sperm forward during ejaculation
73. Sperm account for about what percentage of the volume of a typical ejaculation?
    1. 0.5 per cent
    2. 1 per cent
    3. 5 per cent
    4. 7 per cent
74. What secretes a small amount of clear, slippery, alkaline fluid (pre-ejaculate, or pre-cum) that is believed to counteract the acidity of the urethra and prepare the urethra for the flow of seminal fluid?
    1. Cowper’s glands
    2. Skene’s gland
    3. Vas deferens
    4. Testes
75. The scrotum, the anus and surrounding perineal area, the buttocks, the wrists, the ears, the neck, the axillae (armpits), the breasts, and the nipples are all considered __________.
    1. erogenous zones
    2. non-sexual body parts
    3. areola
    4. secondary sex characteristics
76. What is the most common sexual position for humans?
    1. Missionary
    2. Rear-entry
    3. Side-to-side
    4. Straddling
77. Which anatomical structure helps prevent the penis from slipping out of the vagina during intercourse?
    1. The pubic symphysis
    2. The cervix
    3. The suspensory ligament
    4. The corpus cavernosa
78. Barb and Pedro find they often have to adjust their posture to avoid separation during coital sex, and they find it distracting. What is the most likely cause?
    1. Pedro is experiencing mild erectile dysfunction known as “the hinge effect.”
    2. Barb’s cervix and uterus did not elevate as part of the excitement phase of Master and Johnson’s sexual response cycle.
    3. Either Pedro or Barb is experiencing a psychological dysfunction that is prohibiting them from finding the primal, reflexive nature of the sexual act.
    4. None of the above
79. What is the term for increased muscle tension during sex?
    1. Hypotonia
    2. Myotonia
    3. The hinge effect
    4. Vasocongestion
80. Which of the following statements is true of vasocongestion?
    1. It cannot be triggered by sexual thoughts.
    2. It occurs in just a few seconds in both males and females.
    3. It can be slowed down by high alcohol levels or fatigue.
    4. It requires direct genital stimulation.
81. Gary is in the middle of a sexual activity and is experiencing nipple erection. Which phase of Master and Johnson’s sexual response cycle is he in?
    1. Excitement
    2. Plateau
    3. Orgasm
    4. Resolution
82. According to Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle, which phase is the briefest?
    1. Excitement
    2. Plateau
    3. Orgasm
    4. Resolution
83. How is Kaplan’s sexual response model different from that of Masters and Johnsons?
    1. It includes emotional intimacy.
    2. It includes a psychological component.
    3. It is true for people of all ages, whereas Masters and Johnson’s model only applies to people under 45.
    4. It can account for multiple orgasms.
84. What is the benefit of Kaplan’s three-stage sexual model?
    1. It acknowledges the importance of psychological processes in sexual response.
    2. It accounts for sexual dysfunctions and how they affect sexual satisfaction.
    3. It focuses on the unique experiences of women in long-term relationships.
    4. None of the above
85. Unlike women, what do men experience after orgasm?
    1. Refractory period
    2. Pleasure
    3. Vasocongestion
    4. Subsequent orgasm
86. According to a study of female university students, which of the following do most women experience?
    1. Post-orgasmic hypersensitivity
    2. Orgasm with penile penetration alone
    3. Multiple orgasms
    4. A refractory period
87. Alex has just experienced multiple orgasms. Based on this information, which of the following assumptions can you make?
    1. Alex is more likely to be a female who just masturbated.
    2. Alex is more likely to be a male in his thirties.
    3. Alex is more likely to be a female who just had a penile-vaginal intercourse.
    4. None of the above
88. Which of the following statements about orgasm is NOT true?
    1. Some women will never experience orgasm solely from sexual intercourse.
    2. Males are not able to experience multiple orgasms.
    3. Men who have had their prostate gland removed are more likely to experience multiple orgasms.
    4. Women do not experience a refractory period.
89. Tom has just experienced the third phase of Master and Johnson’s sexual response cycle: orgasm. Which of the following statements is true?
    1. Tom is experiencing involuntary muscle spasms.
    2. The phase has only lasted a few seconds.
    3. Tom’s blood pressure and heart rate have reached maximal levels.
    4. All of the above
90. Yurick is approaching his fiftieth birthday. Which of the following statements is true?
    1. Yurick becomes sexually aroused more quickly than when he was younger.
    2. Yurick has a higher level of testosterone than when he was younger.
    3. Yurick experiences faster resolution.
    4. Yurick requires more stimulation to become erect.

Short Answer Questions

1. The ________ in women has the same number of nerve endings as the glans of the penis.
2. Because of health and emotional consequences, female genital mutilation is internationally recognized as a violation of ________ ________.
3. The ________ is a membrane believed to protect the vagina early in life.
4. The vagina produces a chemical environment that is slightly ________.
5. There is growing evidence that the ________ ________ are the female equivalent of the prostate gland.
6. The innermost layer of the vagina is the ________, which is shed with each menstrual cycle.
7. The two large spongy bodies that run the length of the penis are called the ________ ________.
8. The two involuntary muscles in male genitals that react to temperature changes are ________ around the scrotum and ________ around the spermatic cord and the testes.
9. A castrated male is called a ________.
10. The third phase in Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle is ________.
11. Angie had ________ to make her labia minora smaller.
12. A doctor uses a ________ to view the cervix during a gynecological exam.
13. When uterine cells grow outside of the uterus, a woman has a condition called ________.
14. The ________ is the lower third, or neck, of the uterus.
15. Fertilization typically takes place in the ________.
16. When a male is sexually excited, the neurotransmitter ________ ________ causes the smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries in the penis to dilate.
17. In ancient Greece, a statue of a male figure with a large ________ was meant to convey contempt or ridicule.
18. In the Middle Ages it was believe that the ________ testicle made “boy” sperm and the ________ made “girl” sperm.
19. In both males and females, the ________ sphincter contracts during orgasm.
20. A difference in sexual response between males and females is that males experience a ________ ________ after an orgasm, while females do not.

Essay Questions

1. Describe the sexual response cycle proposed by Masters and Johnson. Include details for each stage in the cycle.
2. Discuss the results of the study that asked nurses which model of sexual response they agreed with most. Include the name and brief description of each model.
3. Discuss differences in the refractory period of males and females.
4. Compare three parts of the female sexual anatomy that are similar in structure and function to parts of the male sexual anatomy.
5. Describe the arguments of those who are for and against male circumcision.
6. What are three explanations for the presence of pubic hair on humans?
7. Why is the hymen sometimes considered to be a controversial topic?