Chapter 7 Contraception And Pregnancy Options Exam Questions

Chapter 7 | Contraception and Pregnancy Options

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In which culture was silphium used as a form of birth control?
   1. In ancient South America
   2. In ancient Greece
   3. In ancient Egypt
   4. In South Africa
2. Canada’s first birth control clinic opened in Hamilton, Ontario, in what year?
   1. 1922
   2. 1932
   3. 1952
   4. 1962
3. In Canada, the “birth control movement” started in which socio-economic group?
   1. The wealthiest, best-educated Canadians
   2. Middle-class factory workers
   3. The poorest Canadians
   4. Middle-class business owners
4. Which of the following legislative actions occurred while Pierre Trudeau was prime minister of Canada?
   1. A law was created making birth control free for all Canadians.
   2. The use of birth control was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code.
   3. The birth control pill became legal, but only for use to solve “menstrual problems.”
   4. It became illegal for doctors to refuse to prescribe birth control.
5. The first formal contraception advocacy organization in Canada was formed in 1923 in which city?
   1. Montreal
   2. Vancouver
   3. Toronto
   4. Winnipeg
6. If a typical couple has sex regularly for one year without using birth control, what are the odds that the woman will become pregnant?
   1. 25 per cent
   2. 40 per cent
   3. 85 per cent
   4. 95 per cent
7. Nadya has had chronic vaginitis since she started using birth control. What form of birth control is Nadya most likely using?
   1. The birth control pill
   2. An intra-uterine device (IUD)
   3. NuvaRing
   4. Condoms
8. Which of the following is NOT a side effect of hormonal contraceptives?
   1. Weight gain
   2. Chronic pelvic pain
   3. Nausea
   4. Breast tenderness
9. Isobel is single and would like to start using a hormonal method of birth control. What method would be most effective for her (assuming typical use)?
   1. Levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system
   2. Depo-Provera
   3. NuvaRing
   4. Transdermal contraceptive patch
10. Which of the following is NOT a form of hormonal birth control?
    1. Depo-Provera
    2. Mirena
    3. Lea contraceptive
    4. NuvaRing
11. Emily can use her method of birth control “perfectly” but still has a 26 per cent chance of becoming pregnant. Which of the following is likely true of Emily?
    1. She is nulliparous and using condoms alone.
    2. She is parous and using a diaphragm.
    3. She is nulliparous and using the sponge.
    4. She is parous and using the cervical cap.
12. Melanie has had two children and would like to start using a non-hormonal method of birth control. What method would be most effective for her (assuming typical use)?
    1. Intra-uterine device (IUD)
    2. Diaphragm
    3. Cervical cap
    4. Sponge
13. Which method of contraception is not permanent but lasts five years?
    1. Tubal ligation
    2. Vasectomy
    3. The intra-uterine device (IUD)
    4. Depo-Provera
14. Dr. Thorold has recommended that Alexandra switch from using the contraceptive sponge to the birth control pill. What would be the most reasonable cause for this decision?
    1. Alexandra has multiple partners.
    2. Alexandra is nulliparous and monogamous.
    3. Alexandra is parous.
    4. Alexandra is nulliparous.
15. What type of vaginal discharge will Patricia observe when she is most fertile?
    1. Menstrual blood
    2. Thick white mucus
    3. Sticky white mucus
    4. Slippery clear mucus
16. Which is true regarding the sympto-thermal approach to birth control?
    1. It requires the measurement of basal body temperature each morning.
    2. It requires the assessment of cervical mucus each morning.
    3. It requires the assessment of cervical mucus and basal body temperature each morning.
    4. It is effective after the first two weeks.
17. Heather is using the calendar method of birth control and has a regular 28-day cycle. If she wishes to avoid pregnancy, on which days of her cycle should she avoid intercourse (with the first day of her menstrual period being day 1)?
    1. Days 8 through 19
    2. Day 11 through 22
    3. Days 14 through 25
    4. Days 12 through 16
18. What is a disadvantage of teaching abstinence as the best and only method for premarital birth control?
    1. It may lead to risky sexual behaviours because of a lack of knowledge about what is safe.
    2. Abstinence does not prevent most STIs.
    3. Abstinence often causes people to be sexually inhibited when they do become married.
    4. With the abstinence method, oral and anal sex are also usually not allowed so the person has no sexual options.
19. Which of the following methods of natural birth control is most effective assuming normal but not perfect use?
    1. Lactation amenorrhea
    2. Withdrawal
    3. Calendar-based methods
    4. Sympto-thermal method
20. In the modern developing world, what is the most common form of birth control?
    1. The birth control pill
    2. The intra-uterine device (IUD)
    3. Condoms
    4. Female sterilization
21. According to a survey of a variety of cultures, what percentage of women would not trust a male partner to use male contraception effectively?
    1. 2 per cent
    2. 5 per cent
    3. 10 per cent
    4. 25 per cent
22. According to research in Canada, what is the most common reason males cite for not using condoms?
    1. They do not enjoy sexual sensation when using a condom.
    2. Condoms are inconvenient to use or unavailable at the moment.
    3. They do not view them as a reliable form of birth control.
    4. They do not perceive themselves as at risk for contracting a sexually transmitted infection.
23. Which method of birth control is most common for married people aged 35–44 in Canada?
    1. Male sterilization
    2. Female sterilization
    3. The withdrawal method
    4. Condoms
24. Oral contraceptives are most common among members of which group?
    1. Married women ages 18–34
    2. Unmarried women ages 18–34
    3. Married women ages 35–44
    4. Unmarried women ages 35–44
25. Which of the following is NOT a component of Fisher and Fisher’s IMB model of sexual health behaviours?
    1. Motivation
    2. Intervention
    3. Information
    4. Behavioural skills
26. Nicole is 16 years old and has just had a baby. She is no longer in a relationship with the father. Which of the following is most likely?
    1. Nicole will never have another baby.
    2. Nicole will finish high school.
    3. Nicole will receive welfare for the first three years of her child’s life.
    4. The father of Nicole’s baby will provide about $200 a month to care for the child.
27. A study found that the greater the number of sexual partners reported by young Canadian women, the __________ likely they were to be using __________.
    1. more, condoms
    2. less, condoms
    3. less, IUDs
    4. more, IUDs
28. According to the World Bank, when is the world’s population projected to reach 9.1 billion?
    1. 2025
    2. 2040
    3. 2050
    4. 2065
29. Who is most likely to use birth control?
    1. Someone who is impulsive and extraverted.
    2. Someone who is open to talking about sex.
    3. Someone who feels guilty about having sex.
    4. Someone who is in an unstable, abusive relationship.
30. What is Plan B?
    1. A hormonal birth control injection
    2. A brand-name intra-uterine device
    3. An emergency contraceptive pill
    4. A surgical method of birth control
31. Which event caused the first ever closure of the Canadian Parliament?
    1. A protest in favour of legalizing abortion
    2. A bomb threat by pro-life advocates
    3. A stalemate between political parties concerning whether abortion should be legal
    4. A bomb threat by pro-choice advocates
32. In which situation would Dr. Henry Morgentaler perform an abortion at his Montreal clinic?
    1. When he determined that the mother’s life was in danger
    2. When a committee determined the mother’s life was in danger
    3. When there was medical evidence that the child would be born with severe medical problems
    4. When a pregnant woman requested an abortion and it was medically possible
33. What is the main difference between a therapeutic and an elective abortion?
    1. Therapeutic abortions are legal in Canada and elective abortions are not.
    2. Therapeutic and elective abortions use different techniques.
    3. Therapeutic abortions are conducted to protect the mother’s health or when the baby has a major birth defect.
    4. A therapeutic abortion occurs after rape while an elective abortion follows failed birth control.
34. In which country is the recorded abortion rate the highest?
    1. China
    2. India
    3. Russia
    4. Indonesia
35. Which of the following is true about the trend for abortions worldwide since 1998?
    1. The overall rate of abortions has stayed the same, but the percentage of safe abortions has risen.
    2. The overall rate of abortions has decreased, but the percentage of unsafe abortions has not.
    3. The overall rate of abortions has stayed the same but the percentage of unsafe abortions has increased.
    4. The overall rate of abortions and the percentage of unsafe abortions have both decreased.
36. Abortion is illegal with no exception in all of the following EXCEPT __________.
    1. Poland
    2. El Salvador
    3. Vatican City
    4. Malta
37. According to a 2010 poll, more than half of Canadians said they are on which side of the The pro-choice––pro-life debate?
    1. Pro-choice
    2. Pro-life
    3. Neither pro-choice nor pro-life
    4. No opinion
38. Who is most often associated with Canada’s pro-choice movement?
    1. Henry Morgentaler
    2. Pierre Trudeau
    3. Mary Anne Jamieson
    4. A.R. Kaufman
39. What is the least common method of dealing with unwanted pregnancies in Canada?
    1. Surgical abortion
    2. Adoption
    3. Raising the baby
    4. Chemical abortion
40. Which of the following is true in China due to the one-child policy?
    1. The per-capita net income of families has decreased.
    2. Life expectancy has increased.
    3. The incidence of a number of diseases has increased.
    4. It has prevented nearly one billion births between 1979 and 2010.
41. In which ancient culture was crocodile dung used as a contraceptive?
    1. China
    2. Egypt
    3. Australia
    4. Greece
42. Ping was born in China and has two healthy older brothers who were also born in China. Ping and her brothers must have been born before which year?
    1. 1972
    2. 1975
    3. 1978
    4. 1981
43. In general, who suffers most under China’s one-child policy?
    1. Parents
    2. Females
    3. Males
    4. Children
44. Historians believe that the most widely used form of population control among prehistorical people was likely __________.
    1. infanticide
    2. abstinence
    3. condoms made of sheep intestine
    4. the calendar method
45. Why was contraception frowned upon in 19th century Canada?
    1. It was too expensive.
    2. It was too unreliable.
    3. It was thought to “corrupt morals.”
    4. It was thought to be unhealthy
46. What brought about increased tolerance of birth control in the 1960s?
    1. The baby boom
    2. The civil rights movement
    3. Advances in technology
    4. Concern about sexual infections
47. It is 1969, which group of women could obtain birth control pills from their doctor?
    1. Any woman
    2. Any woman in a serious relationship
    3. Any woman over 30
    4. Any married woman
48. What world event caused the Catholic Church to discourage contraception?
    1. The Irish potato famine
    2. The plagues
    3. The Great Fire of London
    4. World War I
49. Most Canadians are only familiar with which two forms of contraception?
    1. Abstinence and the birth control pill
    2. The birth control pill and the male condom
    3. The male condom and the contraceptive sponge
    4. The contraceptive sponge and abstinence
50. If a sexually active couple choose not to use birth control, what is the probability that they will NOT conceive a child within a year?
    1. 0%
    2. 15%
    3. 50%
    4. 85%
51. What kind of contraceptive is the NuvaRing?
    1. Hormonal
    2. Barrier
    3. Surgical
    4. Sympto-thermal
52. Which of the following is a non-hormonal method of contraception?
    1. NuvaRing
    2. Depo-Provera
    3. LNG-IUS
    4. Lea contraceptive
53. Which hormonal contraceptive has the same failure rate for perfect and typical use?
    1. mini pill
    2. NuvaRing
    3. Depo-Provera
    4. LNG-IUS
54. Jessica takes a combination oral contraceptive pill. She feels confident that she will not get pregnant. Under typical use, what is the probability that Jessica will become pregnant in the next year?
    1. 0%
    2. 0.3%
    3. 5%
    4. 8%
55. Of the hormonal contraceptive methods, which is LEAST likely to fail under typical use?
    1. LNG-IUS
    2. Depo-Provera
    3. Mini pill
    4. NuvaRing
56. Neve has never given birth and likes using the contraceptive sponge because it is easy to obtain and easy to use. What is the typical probability that her method will fail her this year?
    1. 9 per cent
    2. 16 per cent
    3. 20 per cent
    4. 32 per cent
57. Which of the following contraceptive methods is LEAST effective for a woman who has already had a child?
    1. NuvaRing
    2. Cervical cap
    3. Contraceptive sponge
    4. Mini pill
58. Which of the following methods of contraception has the lowest failure rate?
    1. Female sterilization
    2. Male sterilization
    3. Combination oral contraceptive pill
    4. An IUD
59. Mailika has a history of chronic pelvic pain and is looking for a method of contraception. What would be a choice that may help reduce the risk of the pain coming back and act as an effective contraceptive?
    1. NuvaRing
    2. Mini pill
    3. Depo-Provera
    4. Female condom
60. In what percentage of cases of penile-vaginal intercourse does the male condom fail in protecting against an HIV infection?
    1. 0 per cent
    2. 5 per cent
    3. 10 per cent
    4. 20 per cent
61. Miranda wants to know if she can use the standard-days calendar method. Her doctor says it will work if her cycles are between __________ days long.
    1. 22 and 28
    2. 24 and 30
    3. 26 and 32
    4. 28 and 34
62. Rhea and Ned have switched from no method of contraception to a standard-days calendar method. Assuming perfect use, how likely are Rhea and Ned to avoid pregnancy with this method?
    1. 20%
    2. 45%
    3. 80%
    4. 95%
63. Which method of contraception takes the average length of cycles across a year and uses the length of these cycles to predict days in the cycle when a woman may be fertile?
    1. Rhythm method
    2. Sympto-thermal approach
    3. Standard-days method
    4. Abstinence
64. In which country would a married couple in their late thirties and early forties most likely choose male sterilization over female sterilization as a method of contraception?
    1. China
    2. Canada
    3. India
    4. Japan
65. In which country would a married couple most likely choose female sterilization over male sterilization as a method of contraception?
    1. China
    2. England
    3. Sweden
    4. United States
66. How does the use of the IUD by married women in the developing world compare to the use of the IUD by married women in the developed world?
    1. The IUD is not used in the developed world.
    2. The IUD is used more frequently in the developing world.
    3. The IUD is used more frequently in the developed world.
    4. The IUD is not used in the developing world.
67. Priya lives in the developing world. Which of the following methods of contraception are she and her husband least likely to use?
    1. IUD
    2. Male sterilization
    3. Female sterilization
    4. Male condom
68. A married woman living in a developed country is about __________ as likely to use birth control pills as a woman living in a developing country.
    1. half
    2. twice
    3. three times
    4. four times
69. Jill and James are married, live in Canada, and are both 42 years old. They have completed their family. What method of contraception are Jill and James most likely to use?
    1. Oral contraceptives
    2. Male condom
    3. Male sterilization
    4. Female sterilization
70. Gia and Greg are married, live in Canada and are both 27 years old. They want to wait a few years before starting a family. What method of birth control do they most likely use?
    1. Oral contraceptives
    2. Male condom
    3. Withdrawal
    4. IUD
71. The rate of teenage pregnancy has been __________ in Canada.
    1. increasing
    2. fluctuating
    3. decreasing
    4. stable
72. In Canada, what percentage of women have never asked their health care provider about birth control?
    1. 2 per cent
    2. 18 per cent
    3. 28 per cent
    4. 42 per cent
73. Dr. Klaasen has computed a correlation between the number of sexual partners a woman has had and the frequency with which that woman uses condoms. What type of correlation did Dr. Klaasen most likely find?
    1. No correlation
    2. A strong positive correlation
    3. A weak positive correlation
    4. A negative correlation
74. Which age group is most likely to say that they always use contraception?
    1. Women in their teens
    2. Women in their twenties
    3. Women in their thirties
    4. Women in their sixties
75. According to the IMB model by Fisher & Fisher, sexual risk-taking is less likely when a person has all of the following factors EXCEPT __________.
    1. access to information at the right time
    2. a personal attitude that discourages sexual risk-taking
    3. an ability to discuss birth control with their partner
    4. a reason to be afraid of becoming pregnant
76. Any method of contraception that is used after intercourse but before an egg can be implanted in the uterus is called __________.
    1. Plan B
    2. emergency contraception
    3. an early-stage abortion
    4. uterine evacuation
77. Which emergency contraceptive pill contains estrogen and is more likely to induce nausea than other options?
    1. Yuzpe
    2. Plan B
    3. Mini pill
    4. Loestrin
78. Which emergency contraceptive pill has the LEAST negative side effects?
    1. Yuzpe
    2. Plan B
    3. Mini pill
    4. Loestrin
79. In what year did emergency contraceptive pills become available without a prescription in Canada?
    1. 1996
    2. 2000
    3. 2005
    4. 2009
80. How effective is Plan B at preventing a pregnancy if taken within 24 hours of intercourse?
    1. 85 per cent
    2. 90 per cent
    3. 95 per cent
    4. 100 per cent
81. Alicia took Plan B 52 hours after unprotected sex. What is the probability that Plan B will prevent a pregnancy if an egg has been fertilized?
    1. 58 per cent
    2. 68 per cent
    3. 78 per cent
    4. 88 per cent
82. Sarah is 36 and has three children. She and her husband have decided their family is complete. Last night they had unprotected sex. What form of contraception can Sarah begin in the next 7 days to prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg?
    1. Mini pill
    2. IUD
    3. Depo-Provera
    4. NuvaRing
83. Insertion of an IUD can be used as an emergency contraceptive for up to __________ days after unprotected intercourse.
    1. four
    2. five
    3. six
    4. seven
84. Which of the following describes an elective abortion?
    1. An abortion to protect the health of the mother
    2. An abortion because the fetus is unhealthy
    3. An abortion because a pregnancy is likely to cause mental health problems
    4. An abortion because the financial burden of a child is too great
85. What is the current legal status of abortion in Canada?
    1. It is legal in seven provinces.
    2. It is legal in six provinces.
    3. It is legal only if a mother’s health is at risk.
    4. It is legal everywhere.
86. In which of the following counties is abortion illegal without exception?
    1. El Salvador
    2. The United States
    3. Italy
    4. France
87. A medical abortion can be completed up to the __________ week of gestation.
    1. seventh
    2. eighth
    3. ninth
    4. tenth
88. In Canada, about how many women put their children up for adoption in a given year?
    1. A few hundred
    2. A few thousand
    3. At least 10,000
    4. About 20,000
89. Which of the following describes the pattern of adoption in Canada?
    1. There are similar numbers of private and public adoptions.
    2. There are only private adoptions.
    3. There are more private than public adoptions.
    4. There are more public than private adoptions.
90. Which of the following types of abortion requires general anaesthetic?
    1. Medical abortion
    2. Manual vacuum aspiration
    3. Vacuum suction curettage
    4. Dilation and evacuation

Short Answer Questions

1. Prehistorically, the most commonly used form of population control was __________, and it remained fairly commonplace in Europe, India, and China until the nineteenth century.
2. When talking about birth control effectiveness, __________ __________ refers to a realistic situation in which some people will inevitably make mistakes in use, perhaps because they are or misinformed, intoxicated, tired, or forgetful.
3. When a method of contraception is used 100 per cent correctly, this is termed __________ __________.
4. The hormone-based contraceptive that increases a woman’s risk of vaginitis is __________.
5. __________ __________ may prevent pregnancy but has no effect on established pregnancies.
6. On average, the withdrawal method is __________ per cent effective in preventing pregnancy with typical use.
7. Research into the psychological ramifications of abortions is problematic because in many cases, some form of __________ might have interfered with the results.
8. The effectiveness of post-coital __________ insertion as an emergency method of birth control is close to 100 per cent if done within a week.
9. Jennifer has asked for a(n) __________ abortion because she isn’t ready for single motherhood.
10. The least common solution for unwanted pregnancies in Canada appears to be __________.
11. A woman who has never given birth is referred to as __________.
12. Standard-days method is an often more accurate variation of the __________ method.
13. Lactation amenorrhea prevents conception in women who are __________.
14. The most common contraceptive methods worldwide are and the IUD and __________ __________.
15. Married Canadians under the age of 34 most often use __________ __________ to prevent pregnancy.
16. Impulsivity, extraversion, and neuroticism are traits that are correlated with __________ sexual behaviour.
17. Pan B is an example of a(n) __________ __________ (two words).
18. A __________ abortion is achieved with injections and/or pills.
19. Each year, __________ abortions result in the hospitalization of approximately 5 million women and the death of approximately 70,000 women.
20. A person who is __________-__________ supports a woman’s right to choose to terminate a pregnancy.

Essay Questions

1. What are three positive and three negative aspects of China’s one-child policy?
2. What are three advantages for disseminating knowledge about birth control around the world?
3. Why do people take sexual risks? What are some measures that are being taken to reduce sexual risk taking in Canada?
4. Define what is meant by “emergency contraception” and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two forms of emergency contraception.
5. Describe the history of the male contraception pill and explain some of the possible roadblocks to it being accepted as a valid contraceptive option.