Nutrition, Weight & Exercise Test Bank Chapter.8

CHAPTER 8: IMPROVING NUTRITION, WEIGHT CONTROL AND DIET, EXERCISE AND SAFETY

True/False Statements

1. Fibre is a nutrient used in metabolism.

Section Reference: Components of Food)

2. High density lipoproteins (HDL) are associated with a decreased likelihood of the build-up of fatty plaque in blood vessels.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

3. Sean eats animal meats at every meal, whereas Malala eats a diet richin fruits, fibre and

vegetables. Considering their eating patterns, it is likely that Malala is at a lower risk for cancer

than is Sean.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

4. Carl who was overweight as a child and adolescent is equally likely to be an obese adult as his wife Voula, who was trim in her youth but gained weight during pregnancy.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

5. Individuals who lose weight and regain it will find it easier to subsequently lose weight again.

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

6. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by binge eating followed by purging.

Section Reference: Eating Disorders

7. Continuous exercise requiring high levels of oxygen is called aerobic exercise.

Section Reference: Types and Amounts of Healthful Exercise

8. The most common reason people give for not exercising is that they simply don't have the time.

Section Reference: Reasons for Not Exercising

9. The total number of years lost from unintentional and intentional injuries combined is the same as the total number of years lost from heart disease, cancer and stroke combined.

Section Reference: Accidents

10. Driver education courses are the single most important factor in reducing traffic accidents.

Section Reference: Accidents

Matching

Match the following classification of food components (a-e) with an example or description listed in items 11-15:

a. carbohydrates

b. lipids

c. proteins

d. vitamins

e. minerals

11. Calcium and potassium

Section Reference: Components of Food

12. Fruits and vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, cantaloupe or apricots contain beta‑carotene which the body converts to one of these

Section Reference: Components of Food

13. Cholesterol

Section Reference: Components of Food

14. Glucose and lactose

Section Reference: Components of Food

15. Composed of amino acids

Section Reference: Components of Food

Match the following weight loss techniques (a-e) with their descriptions in items 16-20:

a. Weight Watchers

b. Atkins Diet

c. Behavioural techniques

d. Bariatric surgery

e. Worksite weight‑loss programs

16. Plagued by high drop‑out rates and producing small weight loss unless combined with competitions.

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

17. With the exception of medical treatments, some of the most effective methods for losing weight.

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

18. A fad diet

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

19. The most drastic medical treatment for obesity.

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

20. A self-help approach that uses behavioural techniques, nutritional information, and group meetings

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

Multiple Choice

21. Simple sugars are to _____ as amino acids are to _____.

a) carbohydrates; proteins

b) fats; vitamins

c) proteins; fibre

d) vitamins; minerals

Section Reference: Components of Food

22. Cholesterol and saturated and unsaturated fats are classified as

a) carbohydrates.

b) a special class of proteins.

c) lipids

d) fat-soluble vitamins

Section Reference: Components of Food

23. Amino acids are components of ____ that are responsible for _____.

a) minerals; nerve transmission

b) proteins; synthesis of new cell material

c) lipids; providing energy

d) vitamins; converting nutrients into energy

Section Reference: Components of Food

24. Calcium and iron are classified as

a) inorganic proteins.

b) amino acids.

c) lipids.

d) minerals.

Section Reference: Components of Food

25. Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?

a) fats

b) proteins

c) fibre

d) minerals

Section Reference: Components of Food

26. Amanda has just found out she is pregnant. She should do which of the following?

a) Nothing. Her typical diet should be just fine.

b) Take recommended supplements due to her greater need for all nutrients.

c) Take more iron, but no other additional nutrients.

d) Take more vitamins but less iron.

Section Reference: Components of Food

27. People can get all the nutrients and fibre they need

a) only by taking vitamin supplements.

b) by eating healthy diets.

c) by eating only a vegetarian diet.

d) by eating high protein diets.

Section Reference: Components of Food

28. Jin has decided to protect his health by taking large doses of vitamins A & D. This is a ___ idea since large amounts of these vitamins _____.

a) good; have proven to be cures for some cancers

b) bad; may harm the liver and kidneys

c) good; are aphrodisiacs

d) bad; are only excreted as waste

Section Reference: Components of Food

29. Who is most likely to be affected by food additives?

a) People who are allergic to them.

b) Everyone, since additives tend to be harmful to our health.

c) Children.

d) Both a and c.

Section Reference: Components of Food

30. Which cultural group avoids eating dietary fat the most?

a) Canadians

b) Israelis

c) Columbians

d) Japanese

Section Reference: What People Eat

31. Which is NOT true of changes in the North American diet since 1980?

a) Consumption of red meat has decreased.

b) Consumption of fish has increased.

c) Consumption of fruits and vegetables has increased.

d) Consumption of sugars has decreased.

Section Reference: What People Eat

32. Evidence indicates that a preference for sweet tastes is

a) biological.

b) learned.

c) not present in most babies.

d) present only in America children.

Section Reference: What People Eat

33. The main dietary contributor to atherosclerosis is

a) salt.

b) caffeine.

c) cholesterol.

d) fibre.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

34. The type of lipoprotein associated with decreased cholesterol deposits in blood vessels is

a) low‑density (LDL)

b) very low density (VLDL)

c) high‑density (HDL)

d) very‑high‑density (VHDL)

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

35. Cholesterol level in the blood is influenced by

a) diet.

b) heredity.

c) smoking.

d) all of the above.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

36. The dietary substance most strongly associated with hypertension is

a) cholesterol.

b) sodium.

c) caffeine.

d) fibre.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

37. Which one of the following people is most likely to experience hypertension and coronary heart disease?

a) Han, who drinks no coffee.

b) Jackie, who drinks only decaffeinated coffee.

c) Michael, who drinks 3 cups of coffee each morning.

d) None of the above.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

38. High fat and low fibre diets are particularly associated with cancer of the

a) liver

b) colon

c) throat

d) stomach

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

39. Early studies found that diets rich in _____ are associated with lower cancer risk. This finding is not _____.

a) fat; supported

b) beta-carotene; definitive

c) lipids; supported

d) sodium; definitive

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

40. How might an individual reduce his/her serum LDL levels?

a) Use vegetable oils containing coconut or palm oil.

b) Avoid polyunsaturated oils and consume only saturated fats.

c) Eat more eggs at breakfast.

d) Substitute monounsaturated fats for other fats in the diet.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

41. Recent research with animals has shown that reducing caloric intake by 30%

a) decreases metabolism.

b) slows the aging process.

c) increases longevity.

d) all of the above.

Section Reference: Nutrition and Health

42. In a study of overweight girls and boys, self-esteem levels

a) were not affected by weight levels.

b) went down for boys but not for girls over time.

c) went down for both boys and girls but raised as boys got older.

d) went down for girls but not for boys over time.

Section Reference: Desirable and Undesirable Weights

43. We tend to judge the desirability of our weight based on the criteria of:

a) attractiveness and BMI.

b) actual weight and BMI.

c) attractiveness and healthfulness.

d) stamina and body shape.

Section Reference: Desirable and Undesirable Weights

44. The body mass index (BMI) is used to

a) measure an individual’s bulk or stockiness.

b) determine whether a person is overweight.

c) determine an individual’s cholesterol levels.

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Desirable and Undesirable Weights

45. People are classified as obese when their BMI exceeds _____.

a) 10

b) 20

c) 25

d) 30

Section Reference: Desirable and Undesirable Weights

46. One explanation for why people who are overweight may continue to gain weight even if they don’t increase caloric intake is the fact that

a) fat tissue is less metabolically active than lean tissue.

b) fat tissue is more metabolically active than lean tissue.

c) fat tissue disrupts digestion.

d) fat tissue absorbs and stores additional fat tissue at a higher rate.

Section Reference: Desirable and Undesirable Weights

47. Which of the following statements regarding self-reported eating is not true?

a) Underreporting is very common.

b) Women are more inaccurate than men.

c) Obese people report eating more than normal-weight people.

d) Heavy and normal weight people may differ in the accuracy of their reports.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

48. The theory that the body has a certain weight that it strives to maintain is called:

a) set‑point theory.

b) restraint theory.

c) equilibrium theory.

d) maintenance theory.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

49. The mechanism in the brain thought to control body weight is

a) the medulla.

b) the endocrine gland.

c) the frontal lobe.

d) none of the above.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

50. High serum levels of insulin influence which of the following?

a) Sensations of hunger.

b) Pleasantness of sweet tastes.

c) How much we eat.

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

51. Which of the following facts about fat cells are true?

a) Their number increases mainly in childhood and adolescence.

b) Their number can increase but not decrease.

c) They are related to the body's set point.

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

52. Two people, one obese and the other normal weight, are at a dinner party where some very bad-tasting food has just been served. Who is likely to eat the most?

a) The normal-weight person.

b) The obese person.

c) They will eat the same amounts of food.

d) Neither is likely to eat anything.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

53. After drastically reducing her caloric intake for a couple of months, Nan is upset that her weight loss results have begun to slow down considerably. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is

a) restraint theory.

b) set-point theory.

c) glycemic load.

d) hyperinsulinemia.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

54. Which of the following statements about the relationship between weight and health is NOT true?

a) Obesity is positively correlated with increasing risk for disease.

b) A small ratio of waist to hip girth is associated with higher rates of disease.

c) Compared to those who are sedentary, heavy people who are fit have lower risk for death and illness.

d). Overweight and normal weight people rate their health the same.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

55. Prevention programs for overweight should begin in childhood because:

a) this is the best time to prevent the development of excess fat cells.

b) children and adolescents who are obese are more likely to be obese as adults.

c) children have an easier time exercising.

d) both a and b.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

56. Parents may help their children maintain a healthy weight by

a) encouraging regular exercise and discouraging TV viewing.

b) monitoring their children’s BMI.

c) controlling the types of food that are present in the home.

d) all of the above.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

57. Besides medical treatment, the most effective method(s) for losing weight is/are

a) dieting.

b) exercise.

c) behavioural methods.

d) yo-yo or crash diets.

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

58. Which of the following is NOT used in behavioural weight loss programs?

a) Nutrition and exercise counseling.

b) Liposuction.

c) Stimulus control training.

d) Altering the act of eating.

Section Reference: Becoming Overweight

59. Bob has tried diet programs in the past but has had trouble maintaining his diet plan when he goes away on business trips and has to eat at restaurants. Which of the following is an example of how he could deal with this problem using problem-solving training?

a) Not worrying about it. A few days off his diet is no big deal.

b) Decide to fast during business trips.

c) Asking the wait staff at the restaurant how foods are prepared and selecting low-calorie ingredients and preparation methods.

d) Exercise more immediately prior to and following business trips.

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

60. Research on work‑site weight‑loss programs indicates that the most needed factor to ensure their success is

a) proper nutrition information

b) a strong aversive component

c) use of self‑monitoring

d) motivational techniques such as weight-loss competitions

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

61. Protein-sparing modified fast regimens:

a) are used mainly for those who are obese

b) are safe, used short term and requires medical supervison

c) are used only when other approaches have failed

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

62. Uri has successfully completed a weight-loss program and now wants to make sure he is able to maintain his weight loss. Which of the following will aid him in his maintenance efforts?

a) Continue his exercise regimen.

b) Permanently eat a lower-calorie and fat diet.

c) Use behavioural methods to avoid relapse situations.

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight

63. Which of the following statements regarding anorexia nervosa is true?

a) It is most common in females.

b) It is marked by intense fears of becoming overweight.

c) It is characterized by a weight loss of at least 25%.

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Eating Disorders

64. Which of the following statements regarding bulimia nervosa is NOT true?

a) It is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa.

b) Bulimics rarely think this eating pattern is abnormal.

c) A person may exhibit some bulimic behaviours without being diagnosed as a bulimic.

d) It has been recognized as a clinical syndrome since the 1970s.

Section Reference: Eating Disorders

65. Which of the following treatments for bulimia nervosa is most effective?

a) Antidepressants

b) Aversive techniques

c) Cognitive/behavioural plus antidepressants

d) Aversive plus behavioural contracting

Section Reference: Eating Disorders

66. Weight‑lifting and push‑ups are forms of _____ exercise.

a) isotonic

b) isometric

c) isokinetic

d) aerobic

Section Reference: Types and Amounts of Healthful Exercise

67. Dancing can be a great form of ______ exercise.

a) isotonic

b) isometric

c) aerobic

d) isobaric

Section Reference: Types and Amounts of Healthful Exercise

68. Which of the following is not a demonstrated effect of exercise?

a) Weight loss.

b) Enhanced self‑esteem.

c) Stress reduction.

d) All of these are effects of exercise.

Section Reference: Types and Amounts of Healthful Exercise

69. Which group does not tend to exercise frequently?

a) People who believe they are susceptible to illness.

b) Young adults.

c) Members of the upper SES.

d) Older people.

Section Reference: Who Gets Enough Exercise, Who Does Not—and Why?

70. Which of the following factors is least likely to influence older adults' participation in exercise?

a) Their physical functioning.

b) Exaggerated notions of risk of exercise.

c) Limited previous involvement in exercise.

d) Sedentary social role models.

Section Reference: Who Gets Enough Exercise, Who Does Not—and Why?

71. An important factor in getting a person to start and stay with an exercise program is

a) the convenience of the program.

b) their readiness to begin a program.

c) their physical ability.

d) their knowledge about exercises and health.

Section Reference: Reasons for Not Exercising

72. The most frequent accidental fatalities involve

a) domestic accidents.

b) traffic accidents.

c) air travel.

d) fires.

Section Reference: Accidents

73. When comparing the years lost due to unintentional and intentional injuries to years lost due to heart disease, cancer, and stroke, research finds:

a) more years are lost due to disease than to injury.

b) more years are lost due to injury than to disease.

c) the years lost are similar.

d) neither result in significant years lost.

Section Reference: Accidents

74. Of the following, which strategy has been least effective in reducing traffic accidents?

a) Driver training courses.

b) Auto design changes.

c) Highway marking changes.

d) Raising the driving age.

(Section Reference: Accidents

75. Which of the following statements regarding the use of seat belts is true?

a) Seat belt use is unrelated to traffic fatalities.

b) Seat belt use has been unaffected by the passage of laws requiring them.

c) After the passage of laws requiring them, seat belt use increased significantly.

d) Only about 15% of drivers use their seat belts.

Section Reference: Accidents

76. Before going on an afternoon hiking trip, fair-skinned Joel uses plenty of sunscreen on exposed areas of his body. The use of sunscreens

a) may prevent premature aging of the skin and skin cancers.

b) is recommended for exposure of over an hour.

c) is recommended by dermatologists.

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Environmental Hazards

77. The odorless radioactive gas radon:

a) may be reduced by properly ventilating basements

b) enters the house from the ground

c) may cause lung cancer

d) all of the above

Section Reference: Environmental Hazards

78. Exposure to asbestos is strongly connected to

a) hypertension

b) lung cancer

c) heart disease

d) brain damage

Section Reference: Environmental Hazards

79. With regard to hazardous materials, Canada has laws that require:

a) Employers notify and train employees on the use of hazardous

materials.

b) Employees have the right to refuse handling hazardous materials.

c) Communities have the right to inform only those who really need to know about the presence of dangerous hazards.

d) Communities are freed from the requirement of informing inhabitants of the presence of dangerous hazards.

Section Reference: Environmental Hazards

80. Exposure to carcinogenic substances

a) invariably leads to cancer.

b) is not usually dangerous in small or infrequent doses.

c) no longer occurs in today’s environment.

d) might be outweighed in risk by benefits.

Section Reference: Environmental Hazards

Short Answer Questions

81. Briefly describe the five components of food and explain their role in metabolism.

82. Your couch potato friend tells you that exercise is grossly overrated. Refute his armchair logic.

83. Explain the significance of "Right to Know" laws.

Essay Questions

84. Develop and elaborate an argument that supports the statement that weight is a biopsychosocial phenomenon.

85. You have just been hired to develop a successful weight reduction and exercise program for your company. Outline the basics of your plan.

86. Discuss the general trends in effective safety intervention programs.

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