nan – Ch.12 | The Neanderthals And Their – Full Test Bank

a.

The world was drier than during glacials.

b.

Temperatures were cooler than during glacials.

c.

Glaciers covered Europe and North America.

d.

Animals moved from Africa to Eurasia.

a.

It is smaller than in modern humans.

b.

It is larger than in modern humans.

c.

It is the same size as in modern humans.

d.

It is sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than in modern humans.

a.

increased their olfactory ability.

b.

decreased the amount of oxygen available in each inhalation.

c.

helped to prevent moisture loss.

d.

altered the sound of their voices while using language.

a.

H. floresiensis is a result of evolutionary dwarfism.

b.

H. floresiensis had microcephaly.

c.

H. floresiensis had an ancestor older than Homo erectus.

d.

H. floresiensis is a hoax.

a.

a sister group of H. habilis.

b.

a species found only in Asia.

c.

archaic H. sapiens of the early Middle Pleistocene.

d.

a hominin believed to have become extinct about 10,000 years ago.

a.

2 and 1 Ma.

c.

1 Ma and 500,000 years ago.

b.

1 Ma and 10,000 years ago.

d.

400,000 and 10,000 years ago.

a.

Africa only.

b.

Africa and Europe.

c.

Eurasia only.

d.

every continent of the world except Antarctica.

a.

700 and 900 cc.

c.

1,200 and 1,300 cc.

b.

1,300 and 1,400 cc.

d.

1,400 and 1,600 cc.

a.

higher forehead.

b.

flat face with a projecting chin.

c.

skull with more vertical sides.

d.

large, prognathic face, lacking a projecting chin.

a.

a higher, vertical forehead.

b.

a skull that is narrow behind the eyes like Homo erectus.

c.

thick cranial bones.

d.

a sagittal crest like some Australopithecines.

a.

larger brain.

c.

flat back of the skull.

b.

prominent occipital bun.

d.

chin.

a.

thin cranial bones.

c.

a higher forehead.

b.

small browridges.

d.

a sagittal keel.

a.

more similar to those of modern humans than to those of Homo erectus.

b.

more similar to those of Homo erectus than to those of modern humans.

c.

in between those of Homo erectus and modern humans.

d.

Oldowan (Mode 1).

a.

hunted large game such as woolly rhinoceros.

b.

did not hunt large game.

c.

scavenged only small prey.

d.

was vegetarian.

a.

They are classified as Mode 2 technology.

b.

They include those made by the Acheulean technique.

c.

They include a variety of different kinds of tools made by modifying the shape of the original core.

d.

They are associated with all Homo species.

a.

H. ergaster.

c.

Neanderthals.

b.

H. erectus.

d.

modern H. sapiens.

a.

hotter than at present.

b.

colder than at present.

c.

about the same as at present.

d.

sometimes much hotter and sometimes about the same as present.

a.

1 million to 10,000

c.

127,000 to 30,000

b.

500,000 to 100,000

d.

30,000 to 10,000

a.

Europe only.

c.

Asia only.

b.

Europe and western Asia.

d.

Africa and eastern Asia.

a.

diseased modern humans.

b.

an extinct prehuman animal.

c.

an undiscovered living race of people.

d.

evidence of H. erectus in Europe.

a.

thin limbs.

c.

gracile faces.

b.

low, flat crania.

d.

large brains.

a.

slim bodies and very tall stature.

b.

large front teeth.

c.

large faces with enlarged air spaces in the bones.

d.

gracile skeletons.

a.

1,000 and 1,275 cc.

c.

700 and 1,200 cc.

b.

1,275 and 1,740 cc.

d.

1,100 and 1,250 cc.

a.

They had short limbs relative to their body size, probably as an adaptation to cold climates.

b.

They had long limbs relative to body size, probably as an adaptation to warm climates.

c.

They were the first hominin adapted to virtually all climates in which humans later lived.

d.

They were very small, owing to their evolution on small islands.

a.

only Oldowan tools.

c.

a wide range of Mousterian tools.

b.

mostly Acheulean tools.

d.

only wood and bamboo tools.

a.

burial of the dead and hunting large game.

b.

primarily scavenging for meat, and very little use of plant foods.

c.

permanent settlements.

d.

limited planting of crops.

a.

Huge continental glaciers covered much of Southern Europe and North Africa.

b.

Sea levels rose.

c.

Eurasia teemed with animals like woolly mammoths, woolly rhinoceros, reindeer, aurochs, musk oxen, and horses.

d.

Forests expanded in Africa.

a.

were robust and heavily muscled.

b.

used technology instead of their bodies to deal with the environment.

c.

were adapted for interglacial periods.

d.

did not have a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

a.

They had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years and often had injuries such as bone fractures.

b.

They had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years and were very healthy, with almost no evidence of injury or disease as shown by their bones.

c.

They were often killed by large predators, as most of their bones are found in predator lairs and show gnaw marks.

d.

They are represented by very few bones that tell us very little about their lifeways.

a.

They had large cranial volumes ranging from 1,370 to 1,510 cc.

b.

They had specialized features diagnostic of European Neanderthals.

c.

They were less like modern hominins than earlier African hominins.

d.

They date prior to 400 ka.

a.

migrate to Africa.

b.

become fully isolated and even more specialized.

c.

rely on plant foods more.

d.

build permanent shelters.

a.

The skulls of H. floresiensis share a number of derived characters with H. erectus.

b.

A rich fossil record documents a long occupation of nearby mainland areas by H. erectus.

c.

Mode 2 tools have been found on Flores and are dated to 500,000 years ago.

d.

Adult H. floresiensis look like H. erectus children.

a.

The simplicity of Mode 3 technology

b.

The fact that their larynx was positioned too low in relation to the back of the mouth

c.

The fact that their larynx was positioned too high in relation to the back of the mouth

d.

There is no evidence of writing from this period.

a.

Neanderthals and other hominins of the time were genetically isolated.

b.

Denisovans, a population that predates 50,000 years, share a common ancestor with Neanderthals postdating the Neanderthal–human split.

c.

A very small-bodied form of Homo ergaster or erectus evolved in Europe.

d.

The Denisovans are a form of Neanderthal.

a.

Technological change happened slowly and was mainly genetically controlled, while new species arose quickly.

b.

Most happened outside of Europe, with new technologies and hominins arriving in Europe long after they arose mainly in Africa.

c.

The various hominins seen in Europe evolved slowly over time within Europe, while technologies arrived abruptly during glacial maxima, mainly from Asia.

d.

Europe was the source of most change in both technology and morphology, with these changes spreading first to Asia and then later to Africa.

a.

using a mix of backhoes and hand excavation techniques.

b.

blasting the fossils out of the nearly inaccessible caves.

c.

hiring tiny but well-trained excavators.

d.

imaging the site with X-rays and leaving the fossils in place.

a.

dates to about 2 million years ago, and the remains were likely accumulated by carnivores.

b.

is the best candidate for an intermediary between H. erectus and H. sapiens, given the large brain size.

c.

is the most widely ranging Pleistocene hominin, found across Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe.

d.

dates to about 250,000 years ago, and the excavator proposes the remains are those of dead intentionally buried or deposited there.