Ch18 Exam Questions Materials Cloth, Wood, and Paper

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 18 Materials: Cloth, Wood, and Paper

1) The most valuable fibers for making cloth, rope, and paper is(are) which of the following?

A) pure white cellulose

B) a combination of cellulose and lignin

C) pure lignin

D) a combination of cellulose, lignin, and pectin

E) pure pectin

2) Besides cellulose, which of the following compounds can also be found in fiber cell walls?

A) lignins

B) gums

C) pectins

D) tannins

E) All of the above can be found in fiber cell walls.

3) The RSW1 gene codes an enzyme that allows plants to produce which of the following?

A) Bt toxin.

B) polyester.

C) cellulose.

D) herbicide resistance.

E) sclerenchyma fibers.

4) Fibers used in making rope are ________ fibers.

A) textile

B) cordage

C) filling

D) mineral

E) gluten

5) Which of the following is not a basket type?

A) catheads

B) kittenheads

C) skep

D) jewel-lid basket

E) All of the above are types of baskets.

6) What was the cultural purpose of jewel baskets?

A) to show off a family's wealth with jewels and decorations to important tribal members

B) to be offered as special gifts for important events

C) to advertise a son or daughter's availability for marriage

D) to congratulate young men who have run a gauntlet

E) None of the above are correct.

7) Which of the following terms is not matched correctly?

A) bast fibers :: secondary phloem

B) hard fibers :: vascular bundles

C) surface fibers :: seed hairs

D) soft fibers :: seed coats

E) leaf fibers :: monocot leaves

8) Which of the following is a type of basket for keeping bees?

A) rattle-lid

B) cat-heads

C) hollow lid

D) feather

E) skep

9) In this basket-making technique, warps radiate out from the center to create the framework of the basket. This basket-making technique is called ________.

A) plaiting

B) coiling

C) ginning

D) twining

E) retting

10) Which of the following is not correct?

A) In basket weaving, only one technique can be used.

B) Warps are the strips of material that are placed vertically or radiated out from the center.

C) Warps make up the framework of the basket.

D) Wefts are the more flexible, horizontal strips that are woven over and under the warps.

E) Splints are flat strips of wood.

11) A process that employs microbes to extract fibers from materials is called ________.

A) ginning

B) decortication

C) retting

D) coiling

E) plaiting

12) Some of the finest, most detailed baskets in the world were created by which tribe?

A) indigenous peoples of the Aleutian Islands

B) native Americans of the Ottawa tribe

C) native Americans of the Apache tribe

D) native Americans of the Algonquin tribe

E) None of the above are correct.

13) The term, muslin, refers to which of the following?

A) linen.

B) cotton.

C) wool.

D) rayon.

E) sisal.

14) Gossypium spp. are the source of which of the following?

A) linen.

B) cotton.

C) wool.

D) rayon.

E) sisal.

15) The fibers of cotton are extensions from which of the following?

A) vascular bundles.

B) root hairs.

C) seed coats.

D) leaf petioles.

E) secondary xylem.

16) The capsules of cotton plants are more commonly called ________.

A) pods

B) drupes

C) follicles

D) bolls

E) schizocarps

17) Which of the following is a correct true statement about Old World cotton species?

A) G. hirsutum is an important Old World cotton species.

B) Old World cottons are diploid (2N = 26).

C) Old World cottons produce only long lints.

D) Egyptian cotton is the common name of G. arboreum.

E) More than one of the above are a correct statement about Old World cotton species.

18) Which of the following is not correct?

A) The process of rendering cotton fibers into cloth was discovered independently during prehistoric times in both the Old World and New World.

B) The native peoples of the American Southwest did not understand the use of cotton.

C) Cotton became a Muslim industry in the near east in the ninth and tenth centuries.

D) Cotton was introduced into Florida over 450 years ago.

E) Currently the top cotton-producing country in the world is the People's Republic of China.

19) Which of the following is correct about cotton?

A) Cotton is a shrubby plant with palmately lobed leaves.

B) Cotton grows well in temperate, maritime climates.

C) Only a few seed hairs may grow from a single seed.

D) The hairs of the cotton seed produce roots to feed the cotton seed.

E) All of the above are correct.

20) The very next process after cotton is picked is ________.

A) finishing

B) coiling

C) ginning

D) sizing

E) retting

21) Which of the following statements is not correct about Eli Whitney's invention?

A) It reduced the need for slave labor.

B) It is a device for separating seeds from fiber.

C) It made economically possible the use of short lint cotton.

D) The main part of the invention is a roller studded with spikes covered by a metal mesh.

E) It was not a great financial success for its inventor.

22) Which of the following substances was not used in the standard method in 18th century England for bleaching cotton fibers?

A) lye

B) sour milk

C) cow dung

D) egg whites

E) All of these substances were used to bleach cotton fibers.

23) In cotton production ________ makes cotton fabric softer and increases its sheen.

A) mercerization

B) decortication

C) ginning

D) coiling

E) sizing

24) Which of the following is a correct statement about Bt cotton hybrid?

A) It is an insect toxin produced by the gene Cry1Ac.

B) It is effective against several bollworm pests of cotton.

C) It has greatly reduced the use of chemical pesticides.

D) In India, use of Bt cotton increased yields dramatically.

E) All of these are correct statements about Bt cotton.

25) Which of the following is not correct?

A) Both New World species of cotton are tetraploids (2n = 52).

B) The use of cotton harvested from Gossypium barbadense dates back well before 10,000 years ago.

C) Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin had its greatest effect in the Midwest.

D) Mechanized cotton production "came of age" at the same time Europe's demand for cotton grew.

E) Cotton seeds can be used to make livestock feed and cooking oil.

26) Which of the following is a finishing process for cotton that improves its strength, luster, and affinity for dyes?

A) mercerization

B) fragmentation

C) sizing

D) bio-engineering with Bacillus thuringiensis

E) use of pesticides to kill the boll weevil

27) Flax fibers originate from which of the following?

A) stems.

B) leaves.

C) seeds.

D) roots.

E) More than one of the above are correct.

28) Flax fibers are extracted using the ________ process.

A) finishing

B) coiling

C) ginning

D) sizing

E) retting

29) Which of the following is not correct about ramie?

A) It is a bast fiber.

B) Chlorine is used to bleach the fibers.

C) The ramie plant is a member of the nettle family.

D) Ramie fibers are long, strong, and lustrous.

E) Ramie fibers are brittle.

30) Wild flax fibers were discovered in a cave in the western part of the Republic of Georgia with an age of ________ years.

A) 5,000

B) 10,000

C) 20,000

D) 30,000

E) The age was impossible to determine.

31) What is the name of the harvesting process that frees the flax fibers from any remaining stem particles?

A) Sketching

B) Scutching

C) Blanching

D) Searing

E) Bleaching

32) Denim jeans were originally made from which of the following materials?

A) linen.

B) ramie.

C) hemp.

D) jute.

E) cotton.

33) This leaf fiber derives from desert Agave spp and is used for making rope and floor mats. This leaf fiber is called ________.

A) manilla hemp

B) hemp

C) kapok

D) coir

E) sisal

34) Rayon, essentially, is a "synthetic" fiber made from which of the following?

A) pure cellulose

B) cotton bolls

C) hemp fibers

D) flax seeds

E) jute backing

35) ________ cloth is made from the secondary phloem of Broussonetia papyrifera.

A) Ramie

B) Tapa

C) Amate

D) Kapok

E) Coir

36) Due to human activities, ________ percent of the world's forests have been lost since the advent of modern humans.

A) 20

B) 40

C) 60

D) 80

E) None of the above are correct.

37) Which of the following is not a correct association?

A) Ramie :: a perennial shrub of the nettle family

B) Retting :: extracts the fibers from the stem by employing microbial decomposition

C) Burlap :: from the stems of plants in the mallow family, native to Asia

D) Cannibis sativa :: hemp production

E) All of the above are correct associations.

38) Which of the following is not made from Cannabis sativa today?

A) Jeans

B) Twines

C) Ropes

D) Canvas

E) All of the above are made from Cannabis sativa.

39) In order to replant a single Mahogany tree seedling, what must be done?

A) Eliminate herbivores that would feed on the seedling.

B) Clear large areas of the forest to allow for more light.

C) Import Monarch butterflies from California to be pollinators.

D) Reestablish companion plants like myrtle trees.

E) Relocate indigenous Native American populations.

40) The tree with the densest wood is which of the following?

A) Ochroma pyramidale

B) Swietenia mahagoni

C) Guaiacum officinale

D) Pseudotsuga menziesii

E) Quercus alba

41) This "softwood" tree species was used to make masts for sailing ships but was mostly wiped out by overharvesting and a fungal disease called pine blister rust. This softwood tree species is which of the following?

A) Swietenia mahagoni

B) Pinus strobus

C) Pseudotsuga menziesii

D) Quercus alba

E) Pinus contorta

42) All of the following statements about resin are true except one. Choose the exception.

A) They are polymerized terpenes.

B) They are insoluble in water.

C) They have a protective function.

D) When fossilized, they become rosin.

E) Most resin is extracted from conifers.

43) Modern paper is mostly a mat of which of the following?

A) phloem cells

B) xylem cells

C) pith cells

D) bark cells

E) parenchyma cells

44) The ancient Egyptians utilized the ________ of papyrus in the making of paper.

A) phloem fibers

B) xylem fibers

C) xylem vessels

D) pith

E) leaves

45) A principal goal of processing wood for pulp in paper making is to do which of the following?

A) Remove the bark from trees

B) Dissolve away the lignin

C) Cut the wood into thin short fragments

D) Wash away chemicals

E) Dissolve away the cellulose

46) Softwood mostly comprises which of the following?

A) vessels

B) tracheids

C) bas

D) fibers

E) None of the above are correct.

47) A durable wood useful for flooring, cabinets, furniture, and whiskey barrels is which one of the following?

A) slash pine

B) white oak

C) Douglas fir

D) loblolly pine

E) plywood

48) Commercial sources of cork are from the bark of which evergreen tree?

A) Pseudotsuga menziesii

B) Pinus strobus

C) Quercus alba

D) Quercus suber

E) Quercus rubra

49) Bamboo has traditionally been used for making which of the following?

A) furniture

B) baskets

C) building materials

D) paper

E) All of the above are correct.

50) The first plant used in the Chinese invention of paper was which of the following?

A) sedge

B) flax

C) mulberry

D) rice

E) None of the above are correct.

51) A thin sheet of a highly desired wood that is glued to a less expensive wood is termed ________.

A) plywood

B) veneer

C) sapwood

D) heartwood

E) hardwood

52) A soggy mass of xylem fibers is known as ________.

A) parchment

B) veneer

C) plywood

D) pulp

E) None of the above are correct.

53) Which of the following is often used for furniture veneers?

A) yellow pine

B) Douglas fir

C) red oak

D) mahogany

E) All of these are correct.

54) Which plant oil given below serves as the base for linoleum and oilcloths?

A) cottonseed

B) linseed

C) hemp

D) soybean

E) safflower

55) Which of the following is made from bast fibers?

A) linen

B) cotton

C) sisal

D) coir

E) None of the above are correct.

56) Plant fibers have been used for thousands of years to make cloth, rope, paper, and numerous other articles.

57) Animal fibers, such as wool and silk, are made of protein whereas plant fibers are composed primarily of cellulose.

58) High quality cotton is made from short lints.

59) In plaiting, splints are the primary materials.

60) The use of chlorine to bleach cotton fibers replaced the standard method that included using buttermilk.

61) Linen and ramie are made from surface fibers.

62) Sisal and Manila hemp are example of monocotyledonous leaves made into hard fibers.

63) Hackling is a process in linen production which involves pounding to free fibers.

64) Burlap sacks are made from flax fibers.

65) The invention of the "flyer" helped overcome the problem of having to stop periodically to wind yarn on the spindle.

66) During the time of the Industrial Revolution, spinning machines using multiple spindles mechanized the process of spinning.

67) Cotton evolved from the same species, Gossypium hirsutum, and spread around the world in prehistoric times.

68) Manila hemp is a member of the cannabis family.

69) Wood with a specific gravity of 1.25 is less dense than wood with a specific gravity of 0.91.

70) Botanically speaking, ________ is secondary xylem tissue.

71) Viscose is associated with the production of ________.

72) There are three basic techniques to basketry: ________, ________, and ________.

73) The older, nonfunctional xylem of the trunk is known as ________, and is often dark in color.

74) Bamboo and kenaf have been suggested as a source of ________ for paper production.

75) Gymnosperm resins are the source of the ________ used by musicians and baseball players.

76) ________ and Douglas fir are generally used for plywood.

77) ________ is the source of the seed fiber coir.

78) ________ cloth was the indigenous fabric of Polynesia.

79) ________ is the process of scraping away by hand or machine unwanted tissues from hard fibers.

80) Today the resonators in marimbas and xylophones are usually metal; however, in the original instruments the resonators were made from ________.

81) Arundo donax is best known as the source of ________ used in woodwind instruments.