Health And Stress Chapter.10 Exam Questions - Mastering the World of Psychology 6th Edition Exam Pack by Samuel E. Wood. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank for Wood 6e
Chapter 10: Health and Stress
Multiple Choice
1. The physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges a person and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment defines _____
a) an uplift.
b) motivation.
c) stress.
d) coping.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
2. Dane knows that _____ is anything that challenges him psychologically or physiologically and warrants some type of adaptation or adjustment.
a) motivation
b) stress
c) emotion
d) a stimulus motive
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
3. _____ is a response or set of responses to a condition that requires us to adjust or adapt to the perceived challenge or threat.
a) Motivation
b) Emotional reactivity
c) Burnout
d) Stress
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
4. A(n) _____ is any stimulus or event capable of producing physical or emotional stress.
a) catastrophe
b) coping mechanism
c) uplift
d) stressor
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
5. Mauro and his wife just found out that their infant has a birth defect in his heart that will require heart surgery. Which of the following is the best label for the heart defect?
a) An uplift
b) A stimulus motive
c) A stressor
d) A hassle
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
6. _____ is an event, thing, or occurrence that can cause us to feel challenged.
a) A stressor
b) An uplift
c) Motivation
d) Self-actualization
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
7. According to the _____, a person’s state of well-being can be threatened by major life changes.
a) general adaptation syndrome
b) life events approach
c) concept of resiliency
d) approach-approach conflict
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
8. Dora has spent the majority of her career learning how major life changes affect the well-being of people. She has been successful in her career and has published volumes of research over the last 10 years. Which of the following views best describes Dora’s research?
a) The approach-avoidance conflict
b) The theory of perceived control
c) The biopsychosocial model
d) Life events approach
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
9. The _____ was developed by Holmes and Rahe as a measure of stress, and ranks 43 life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each.
a) general adaptation syndrome
b) approach-approach theory of stress (ATS)
c) biopsychosocial model
d) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
10. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was created by _____
a) Maslow and Rogers.
b) Edith and Chen.
c) French and Morehouse.
d) Holmes and Rahe.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
11. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale is intended to _____
a) assess how individuals react to social situations.
b) summarize the strengths and weaknesses of individuals in terms of their social interactions with others.
c) give a numerical score that quantifies the amount of stress an individual has been experiencing.
d) help individuals cope with adjustments they have to make at particular points in their lives.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
12. Pedro is a psychologist. He has just given his client a checklist of 43 events to go through and has told his client to circle each event that she has experienced during the past year. When she is done, Pedro will add up the assigned point value of her experiences. This score will give him an understanding of her overall stress level and will help him predict her risk for a major health problem within the next two years. Which of the following tools is Pedro likely using with his client?
a) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
b) Catastrophic Index (CI)
c) Biopsychosocial Approach to Health and Well-being (BAHW)
d) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
13. Emily just lost her husband and two daughters in a tragic automobile accident. Because they had no life insurance, Emily began experiencing major financial problems and eventually lost her house. Consequently, she and her son had to move to a small apartment. Just as she thought her life was beginning to feel somewhat stable, the company she worked for announced that they were filing for bankruptcy and all of the employees would lose their jobs within the next month. The period of time from the car accident to the loss of her job was about seven months. Based on research regarding the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Emily is at risk to _____
a) spiral into an unrelenting depression and start drinking alcohol to cope with her losses.
b) develop a smoking habit.
c) develop a major health problem within the next two years.
d) find a way to overcome her life circumstances.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
14. Which of the following is false as it relates to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
a) A score over 300 indicates an 80 percent risk of developing a major health problem within the next 2 years.
b) It was created by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe.
c) The SRRS contains only negative life events.
d) Both positive and negative life events are included on the rating scale.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
15. Which of the following receives the highest score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
a) Death of a spouse
b) Change in residence
c) Getting fired from work
d) Jail term
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
16. Bernice has been on two tours of duty in Iraq and has directly engaged in combat. Though she has been home from the war for some time, she is now experiencing problems concentrating, flashbacks of combat, and nightmares that severely interfere with her sleep. In an effort to quiet her mind, she has also started drinking alcohol. If Bernice goes to see a psychologist, she will likely be diagnosed with _____
a) Type A behavior pattern.
b) severe alcoholism.
c) posttraumatic stress disorder.
d) Type B behavior pattern.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
17. _____ is a prolonged and severe stress reaction to a catastrophic event.
a) AIDS-related dementia
b) Posttraumatic stress disorder
c) Substance abuse
d) Major depression
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
18. Leif was in a car accident with his best friend. They were hit by a driver who was texting and smoking while trying to drive. Unfortunately, Leif’s best friend was killed in the accident. Though the accident was not their fault, Leif feels as though perhaps he should have been the one who died, because he was driving. Based in this information, it appears that Leif _____
a) has posttraumatic stress disorder.
b) displays the Type A behavior pattern.
c) will develop a major health problem within the next two years.
d) has survivor guilt.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
19. Jesse was deployed in the military in a field hospital. He seemed to cope well until, during the tenth anniversary of his deployment, he had a minor car accident in which he sustained a head injury. Soon after, he began re-experiencing the horrible sights, sounds and smells from the hospital and having nightmares in which he was back trying to save critically injured patients. Which of the following is correct?
a) This is not PTSD because it happened 10 years after the catastrophic events.
b) Only if the event directly threatened him could Jesse be diagnosed with PTSD.
c) Jesse meets the criteria for PTSD, which can occur years after a traumatic event.
d) Because of the head injury, the cause is not PTSD but brain damage.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
20. Which of the following was NOT included in the list of problems that individuals with PTSD are at greater risk for?
a) suicide
b) schizophrenia
c) poor concentration
d) substance abuse
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
21. Which of the following is false regarding the research on posttraumatic stress disorder?
a) PTSD can cause cognitive problems.
b) Posttraumatic stress disorder can be triggered by an anniversary of the traumatic event.
c) Suicidal thoughts and behavior are sometimes associated with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.
d) Those with a delayed onset of posttraumatic stress disorder are likely feigning the disorder for attention and time off of work.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
22. Everyday _____, studied extensively by Richard Lazarus, are irritating demands that occur daily and may cause more stress than major life changes do.
a) hassles
b) coping mechanisms
c) decisions
d) physiological stress reactions
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
23. According to Lazarus, _____ may neutralize the effects of many everyday stressors.
a) hassles
b) money
c) uplifts
d) choices
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
24. As Lloyd was distressed about sitting in traffic, he began to think about the adorable comments his toddler son made yesterday. Before he knew it, he found himself smiling at the thoughts of his son. Which of the following would best label Lloyd’s thoughts of his child?
a) Emotions
b) Primary appraisals
c) Hassles
d) Uplifts
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
25. An _____ conflict occurs when an individual must decide between two equally desirable options.
a) approach-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) avoidance-approach
d) avoidance-avoidance
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
26. Brenda found out last week that she was admitted into the respiratory therapy program at a prestigious university. Just today, she received her acceptance letter into a highly regarded nursing program. Brenda now faces an _____ conflict.
a) approach-attend
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) avoidance-approach
d) approach-approach
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
27. An _____ conflict tends to occur when an individual must make a decision based on two undesirable options.
a) approach-attend
b) avoidance-approach
c) avoidance-avoidance
d) approach-approach
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
28. Travis was stopped by a police officer for speeding on his way to work one day. Although he had never received a ticket in his 35 years of driving, he was written a ticket that would cost him $450 and two points on his license. He decided to fight the ticket in court based on his impeccable driving record up to that point. The judge offered him an alternative: He could pay the ticket and receive the points or complete 250 hours of community service. Knowing that Travis had little time in his schedule, because he works 50–60 hours per week already, he was faced with an _____ conflict.
a) approach-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) avoidance-approach
d) avoidance-avoidance
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
29. When a decision a person is trying to make contains both desirable and undesirable features, an _____ conflict occurs.
a) approach-approach
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) approach-attend
d) approach-avoidance
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
30. Elsie has always wanted to work for a prestigious computer company located in sunny California. When she was offered the job, it was everything she could wish for. Then she was told that for the first two years, she would have to train in Minnesota. Elsie despises cold weather, so she is now faced with an _____ conflict.
a) approach-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) attend-avoidance
d) approach-attend
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
31. Wanting to attend college, but not wanting to leave your full-time job to do so, exemplifies an _____ conflict.
a) approach-approach
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) approach-attend
d) approach-avoidance
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
32. Which of the following researchers is known for her or his work on the topic of stress and the workplace?
a) Seligman
b) Lazarus
c) Albrecht
d) Kobasa
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
33. Which of the following is not one of the workplace variables described by Albrecht?
a) Task variety
b) Mental challenge
c) Job status
d) Financial power
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
34. Candi finally made it big in Nashville. She never expected the lack of privacy, criticism and demands that would follow. She finds herself unable to cope. According to Albrecht’s nine variables, which one is now outside her comfort zone?
a) Accountability
b) Job status
c) Task variety
d) Workload
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
35. Alicia is an engineer in a plant that designs armored military tanks, and she enjoys her work immensely. Because she is so effective at what she does, she completes her assignments in about half of the time that her supervisor allows, which leaves her bored and frustrated during much of the work week. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, which variable is not in Alicia’s comfort zone?
a) Accountability
b) Job status
c) Workload
d) Task variety
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
36. Roger’s boss evaluates him based on the satisfaction of the employees who work under Roger’s supervision. Roger’s supervisees are very unhappy because the company provides poor salary and benefits and won’t even hire a cleaning company to keep the bathrooms clean. None of this is in Roger’s control. The factor responsible for Roger’s high work stress as described in this scenario is _____
a) accountability.
b) workload.
c) human contact.
d) clarity of job description and evaluation criteria.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
37. Chester is an excellent employee at the local plastics plant. Unfortunately, he works under a strict and controlling supervisor who will not allow employees to veer from the work they were hired to do. Although Chester has some good ideas as to how to increase production while cutting costs, he feels that he cannot bring these ideas to his supervisor. This leaves Chester feeling frustrated and somewhat anxious. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, which variable would best describe what is causing Chester’s stress at work?
a) Clarity of job description and evaluation criteria
b) Workload
c) Human contact
d) Job status
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
38. Which of the following of Albrecht’s workplace variables suggests that the actual layout of the work environment, temperature, and noise level are important factors in work-related stress?
a) Accountability
b) Physical variables
c) Mental challenge
d) Human contact
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
39. Twyla enjoys her work immensely. However, she knows that she could increase her effectiveness if she were allowed to take a walk during her lunch hour instead being required to stay seated at her desk to eat lunch. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, which variable would describe Twyla’s circumstance?
a) Accountability
b) Workload
c) Mental challenge
d) Physical variables
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
40. Although Darrin feels that the work he does is important, he gets paid little for it. No one seems to appreciate his work or want a job similar to his. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, Darrin is likely to be experiencing _____ related work stress.
a) mental challenge
b) job status
c) workload
d) clarity of job description and evaluation criteria
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
41. Kevin works for his own gutter and siding company and loves that he gets to climb around and work outside. Marsha is an accountant who prefers to work in a cubicle protected from the elements of nature. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, Kevin and Marsha are both content with their respective _____
a) physical variables.
b) workloads.
c) levels of mental stimulation.
d) variety of tasks.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
42. What is accountability underload as it pertains to workplace stress?
a) It occurs when people have the responsibility for the physical or psychological well-being of others but only a limited degree of control.
b) It is the stress that results from social factors such as poverty and unemployment.
c) It is defined by the lack of resources provided by the company for which an individual works.
d) It is when an employee views her or his job as meaningless because she or he is not accountable for much at work.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
43. Which of the following individuals is experiencing accountability underload?
a) Len, who cannot keep up with the increasing demand from customers in the auto market
b) Hattie, who has to account for so little that she is starting to think her job is meaningless
c) Nimrod, who has to keep tabs on all of his employees at all times
d) Jenny, who has so much work to do that she has to put in overtime
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
44. Which of the following can result from accountability underload?
a) Employee morale increases.
b) More intrinsically motivated individuals will apply for open positions.
c) Workplace accidents decrease.
d) Employees find their jobs meaningless.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
45. Jeana is happy with her pay, has great benefits, nice co-workers and a pleasant work environment. She spends the day just filing folders all day. What work-stress related variable might explain the fact that she feels a significant amount of work stress and does not find herself happy about her job?
a) Accountability
b) Physical variables
c) Mental challenge
d) Task variety
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
46. Which of the following of Albrecht’s workplace variables suggests that taxing people beyond their intellectual capability leads to frustration?
a) Accountability
b) Physical variables
c) Mental challenge
d) Task variety
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
47. Fritz is a very social and extroverted person. He also has expertise in planning. His boss assigned him to work in a quiet area by himself so he can concentrate on his plans. This could be a bad management decision because it may result in too much work-stress related to Fritz’s _____ needs.
a) accountability
b) human contact
c) mental challenge
d) task variety
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
48. Caitlyn wants a career in which she’ll be surrounded by other people. Freda prefers to work alone with animals and doesn’t want to have to interact much with other people. According to Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, Caitlyn and Freda vary in their desire for _____
a) job status.
b) accountability.
c) mental challenge.
d) human contact.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
49. Sariah is a production supervisor. She feels that her current position does not allow her to demonstrate her knowledge and skills. Zachary is a chemist who is frustrated by his supervisor’s expectations. Although Zachary specializes in one category of chemical compounds, his supervisor expects him to know three other categories of chemical compounds. Both Sariah and Zachary are frustrated. Based on Albrecht’s research on stress in the workplace, which variable would best describe their collective frustration?
a) Clarity of job description and evaluation criteria
b) Accountability
c) Physical variables
d) Mental challenge
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
50. Workplace stress can be especially damaging to women’s health and well-being because they are also more likely to experience _____ and have greater _____
a) sex discrimination; family responsibilities.
b) menses; sensitivity.
c) emotional upset; vulnerability.
d) higher pay; power.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
51. Which of the following appears to be the best predictor of workplace burnout?
a) Feeling unappreciated
b) Workplace harassment
c) Absenteeism
d) Having too much work to do
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
52. Kent is an accountant who is terribly bored and frustrated with his current position. He feels he is not paid nearly enough and feels terribly unappreciated. Ahmed, a very sociable person, is frustrated by the fact that he gets very little human contact throughout the day. The human contact he does have is with his boss, who is frequently absent. James, a construction supervisor, is tired because he is on his feet all day. All other things being equal and based on research, who is most likely to experience burnout?
a) James
b) Kent and James are about equal
c) Ahmed
d) Kent
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
53. _____ is a lack of energy, exhaustion, and pessimism that results from chronic stress.
a) Turnover
b) Burnout
c) Absenteeism
d) Resilience
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
54. _____ racism occurs when members of a particular minority group experience a longstanding lineage of repression and oppression. Research suggests that it can lead to stress in individuals of that minority group.
a) Subjective
b) Historical
c) Unconscious
d) Theoretical
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.4: List some of the social sources of stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
55. A collective term for the economic, occupational, and educational factors that influence an individual’s relative position in society defines _____
a) historical racism.
b) the secondary appraisal.
c) the biopsychosocial theory.
d) socioeconomic status.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.4: List some of the social sources of stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
56. Which of the following is not discussed in the present chapter as a social source of stress?
a) Unemployment
b) Socioeconomic status
c) Burnout
d) Acculturative stress
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.4: List some of the social sources of stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
57. The belief that individuals will be able to fit into the social structure of a new culture while retaining links to their home cultures defines _____
a) acculturative stress.
b) societal assimilation.
c) acculturation.
d) integration orientation.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.4: List some of the social sources of stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
58. Heino recently immigrated to the United States from his home country. Though he can speak English quite well, he knows little about American history or ways of life. His overall plan is to learn as much as he can about the American culture. However, he still wants to maintain strong ties to his own culture. Which of the following is true regarding Heino?
a) Heino has developed an integration orientation.
b) Unless he lets go of his cultural attitudes, Heino will never make it in America.
c) Heino should shift his focus to everything American, at least for the first few years.
d) Research shows that Heino should try to live in an area with others of his ethnic descent and keep to himself.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1.4: List some of the social sources of stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
59. A researcher who describes illness solely in terms of biological causes and factors is using a(n) _____
a) biomedical model.
b) eastern perspective of medicine.
c) biopsychosocial model.
d) holistic approach.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
60. When an individual feels that both health and illness are a product of psychological, biological, and social forces, she or he subscribes to the _____
a) biomedical model.
b) western perspective of medicine.
c) biopsychosocial model.
d) scientific approach to medicine.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
61. Darla is a physician who asks about physical symptoms when diagnosing illnesses in her patients. Jack is a physician who asks his patients questions about their lifestyle, their environment, their level of stress, and their physical symptoms when diagnosing illnesses in his patients. Based on this information, it is likely that Darla works from the _____ whereas Jack works from the _____
a) medical perspective; southern medicine perspective.
b) biomedical model; biopsychosocial model.
c) eastern medicine approach; western medicine approach.
d) biopsychosocial model; biomedical model.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
62. The _____ model focuses on health as well as illness and holds that both are determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.
a) biomedical
b) Lazarus
c) biopsychosocial
d) cognitive
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
63. _____, a subfield within psychology, is concerned with the psychological factors that contribute to health, illness, and recovery.
a) Health psychology
b) Psychoneuroimmunology
c) The biopsychosocial model
d) Neuropharmacology
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
64. Helen is a researcher interested in topics such as cancer and heart disease. She wants her psychological research to address why some people get sick, how some people stay healthy, and what they do when they get sick in order to try to recover. Helen is likely a _____
a) primary care physician.
b) neuropsychologist.
c) cognitive psychologist.
d) health psychologist.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
65. A(n) _____ is a microorganism that can cause illness.
a) lymphocyte
b) pathogen
c) T cell
d) antibody
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
66. In the _____ response to stress, the _____ nervous system and the endocrine glands prepare the body to take action.
a) biopsychosocial approach; parasympathetic
b) fight-or-flight; central
c) primary appraisal; somatic
d) fight-or-flight; sympathetic
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
67. _____ are the most important factors within the immune system as it relates to proper functioning.
a) Antigens
b) Bacteria
c) Lymphocytes
d) Viruses
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
68. The key components of the immune system are white blood cells known as _____
a) viruses.
b) lymphocytes.
c) pathogens.
d) antibodies.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
69. T cells are to _____ as B cells are to _____
a) stress; health.
b) antibodies; lymphocytes.
c) antigens; the thymus gland.
d) the thymus gland; bone marrow.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
70. All cells foreign to the body, such as bacteria and viruses, are known as _____
a) antigens.
b) T cells.
c) lymphocytes.
d) antibodies.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
71. Which of the following statements is true regarding the immune system?
a) Too many T cells can interfere with proper immune system functioning.
b) The higher the antigen level, the better health the individual enjoys.
c) Lymphocytes are made up of antibodies and antigens.
d) B cells produce antibodies that serve to destroy foreign cells in the body.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
72. Which of the following pairs would result in a negative correlation?
a) Bacteria and sickness
b) Antigens and antibodies
c) Antigens and wellness
d) T cells and overall health
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
73. In the field of _____, psychologists, biologists, and medical researchers combine their expertise to study the effects of psychological factors on the immune system.
a) psychopathology
b) psychoneuroimmunology
c) the biomedical approach
d) neuropharmacology
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
74. Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has shown that stress is _____ correlated with inflammation and disease.
a) not
b) positively
c) negatively
d) very minimally
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
75. Psychoneuroimmunologists believe that _____ are important factors with respect to immune system functioning.
a) stress and emotions, but not psychological factors such as thinking
b) only psychological factors such as thinking and emotions
c) only emotions and behavior
d) stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
76. A group of medical students was tested after a week of final exams. They were found to have a lowered antibody count, indicating a suppressed immune system. Which of the following is correct?
a) Their antibody count returned to normal in 48 hours.
b) Within 48 hours they were all sick.
c) They still had a low antibody count two weeks later.
d) Two weeks later, they still felt very stressed.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
77. Winona quit her job last year to care for her husband, Phil, whom she loves very much. Phil has Alzheimer’s disease. Winona does not sleep well at all and hasn’t for quite some time. Which of the following is likely true regarding Winona?
a) Winona’s inner strength will make her exempt from the negative effects of stress.
b) Winona has a high risk of developing a viral or bacterial infection.
c) Winona will experience an immediate boost in immune system functioning after Phil passes away and she can begin sleeping again.
d) Winona will likely have a high antibody count due to her stress level.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
78. Which of the following researchers studied the effects of stress on health and the body?
a) Hans Eysenck
b) Richard Lazarus
c) James Lange
d) Hans Selye
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
79. The predictable sequence of reactions (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) that organisms show in response to stressors defines the _____
a) cognitive theory of stress.
b) general adaptation syndrome.
c) biomedical approach.
d) life events approach.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
80. Which of the following is a component of the general adaptation syndrome?
a) The secondary appraisal
b) Adaptation
c) The alarm phase
d) The primary appraisal
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
81. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the general adaptation syndrome?
a) Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
b) Resistance, adaptation, exhaustion
c) Alarm, exhaustion, recovery
d) Exhaustion, recovery, adaptation
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
82. A release of glucocorticoids is an occurrence in _____ of the general adaptation syndrome.
a) the adaptation stage
b) the alarm stage
c) the adjustment stage
d) both the alarm and resistance stages
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
83. The _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome is marked by the initial burst of energy that assists the person in dealing with a stressful situation.
a) alarm
b) exhaustion
c) adaptation
d) resistance
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
84. Nancy is hiking in the mountains when she comes across a rattlesnake looking right at her. She immediately feels a burst of energy that she will use to run away from the danger she is encountering. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is this scenario illustrating?
a) Adaptation
b) Exhaustion
c) Resistance
d) Alarm
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
85. The intense physiological efforts needed to resist or adapt to a stressor are characteristic of the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
a) alarm
b) exhaustion
c) adaptation
d) resistance
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
86. Keith knows that he has a research paper due in two days. He received the assignment at the beginning of the semester, but found that he was just too busy to ever get it started. The next two days are spent doing research, writing, and getting very little sleep. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does these two days best illustrate?
a) Alarm stage
b) Recovery stage
c) Resistance stage
d) Adaptation stage
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
87. In terms of the general adaptation syndrome, the _____ stage occurs if the organism fails in its efforts to resist the stressor.
a) resistance
b) exhaustion
c) adaptation
d) alarm
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
88. Terri collapsed at work and had to be rushed to the hospital. While she was in the hospital, she revealed to the medical staff that she had been working more than 80 hours per week for the last month and never had time to sleep or eat right. Terri’s collapse was likely due to the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
a) resistance
b) adaptation
c) exhaustion
d) alarm
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
89. Selye found that the most harmful effects of stress are due to the prolonged secretion of _____
a) glucocorticoids.
b) dopamine.
c) toxins.
d) insulin.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
90. _____ is to Selye as _____ is to Lazarus.
a) The primary appraisal; the adaptation stage
b) The exhaustion stage; the Social Readjustment Rating Scale
c) The primary appraisal; the resistance stage
d) The general adaptation syndrome; the cognitive theory of stress
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
91. The _____ is a cognitive evaluation of a potentially stressful event to determine whether its effect is positive, irrelevant, or negative.
a) primary appraisal
b) approach-avoidance conflict
c) adjustment phase
d) stressor evaluation theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
92. According to Lazarus, _____ occurs when an individual thinks about and tries to determine how significant or relevant a stressor or event is.
a) initial assessment
b) secondary appraisal
c) process appraisal
d) primary appraisal
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
93. Although she thought she had plenty of credits already, Becca has just been told that she needs one more class to graduate from college. She knows she will take the class, because getting her degree has been her top priority over the last four years. According to Lazarus, the importance Becca places on taking that final class, and her eagerness to take the class, suggests that Becca had performed a(n) _____
a) initial assessment.
b) primary appraisal.
c) tertiary appraisal.
d) secondary appraisal.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
94. When a stressor is deemed significant and meaningful, the individual typically begins to take a look at the resources she or he has to deal with the situation. This accounting is referred to as _____, according to Lazarus.
a) secondary appraisal
b) the initial assessment
c) tertiary appraisal
d) primary appraisal
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
95. In the _____, a person cognitively evaluates available resources and options prior to deciding how to deal with a stressor.
a) primary appraisal
b) approach-avoidance conflict
c) adjustment phase
d) secondary appraisal
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
96. Boyd was just informed that he has cancer. He begins thinking through the treatment options available to him. He also considers how much time he will have to take from work, how that may impact his finances, and whether he’ll be able to afford his house. In addition, he begins thinking of who will be able to help care for him after the treatments begin. According to Lazarus, the thoughts that went through Boyd’s mind represent _____
a) a tertiary appraisal.
b) a secondary appraisal.
c) the initial assessment.
d) a primary appraisal.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
97. The _____ proposes that risk and protective factors interact to produce or protect us from illness.
a) biomedical model
b) life events approach
c) risk/resilience model
d) biopsychological theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
98. _____ involves efforts through thoughts or action to deal with demands that are perceived as taxing or overwhelming.
a) Appraisal
b) Readiness
c) Coping
d) Resilience
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
99. _____ involves doing something direct about a stressor itself, whereas _____ reappraises the stressor to reduce its impact.
a) Emotion-focused coping; proactive coping
b) Problem-focused coping; proactive coping
c) Problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping
d) Emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
100. Emma commutes more than an hour each way to work, five or six days per week. The commute is very stressful. She has tried many different routes to work, altered her work schedule, and has even considered moving. Emma’s coping mechanism can be best described as _____
a) emotion-focused coping.
b) proactive coping.
c) the primary appraisal.
d) problem-focused coping.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
101. Winston landed a fabulous job as a financial consultant about six months ago. He is quite successful at his job and enjoys what he does, but gets extremely stressed out while at work. He knows it is not the work that is bothering him, but rather an offensive coworker. Winston’s coworker always comes to his office making derogatory comments toward him. Winston does not want to mention this to his supervisor because the offensive coworker is the supervisor’s son. Over time, Winston decides that he will just try to ignore the comments and not take them personally. Winston is engaging in _____ as a coping mechanism.
a) a primary appraisal
b) a tertiary appraisal
c) problem-focused coping
d) emotion-focused coping
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
102. Through _____, active measures are taken in advance of a potentially stressful situation in order to prevent its occurrence or to minimize its consequences.
a) adaptive coping
b) the primary appraisal
c) emotion-focused coping
d) proactive coping
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
103. Aleaya knew that she would not have time to stop and pick up some food between her three classes. However, because she has diabetes, she has to maintain her blood sugar level by eating at certain times. Thus, she packed some food to bring with her just in case she needed it during her busy school day. In which type of coping did Aleaya engage when she packed her food?
a) Proactive coping
b) The primary appraisal
c) Emotion-focused coping
d) Adaptive coping
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
104. Individuals who exhibit the characteristic of _____ generally have an expectation that things will turn out well.
a) optimism
b) hardiness
c) Type A behavior pattern
d) pessimism
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
105. Mary is a graduate student studying to be a psychologist. The schooling is quite rigorous, and the academic pressures are high. For some reason, the competition between classmates is intense. Mary’s overall attitude, however, is that of a positive outlook. She believes that she will finish school soon and will do well in the process. She also expects that she will learn how to be a successful psychologist. Based on this scenario, Mary seems to demonstrate the quality of _____, which has been shown to somehow buffer the effects of stress and illness.
a) the Type D behavior pattern
b) cheerfulness
c) optimism
d) the Type A behavior pattern
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
106. Which of the following characteristics is associated with sense of hardiness?
a) Pessimism
b) Believing in fate, destiny, and luck
c) A lack of commitment to the task at hand
d) Viewing stressors as challenges to be met
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
107. A critical difference between high-hardiness and low-hardiness individuals was found to be that high-hardiness individuals _____
a) don’t feel stressed about things.
b) have low expectations so they are not disappointed.
c) use more effective coping strategies.
d) have more years of education.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
108. _____ combines three psychological qualities—commitment, control, and challenge—shared by people who can handle high levels of stress and remain healthy.
a) The Type A behavior pattern
b) Optimism
c) Hardiness
d) The Type B behavior pattern
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
109. Nina is highly respected by other attorneys in her firm. Many comment on the fact that she seems to take on some of the most difficult cases and continues to do well. When asked how she does it, Nina replied, “Well, I truly love my job and feel a strong connection to what I do. I take on the difficult cases because someone has to. I view them as challenges to meet instead of cases that I might lose. I like to believe that I have a good deal of control as to what has gone on in my life. While I know I cannot control everything, I try to control that which is in my power.” Which of the following is true of Nina?
a) She exhibits Type D behavior pattern.
b) She seems to demonstrate the hardy personality.
c) She is clearly displaying symptoms of PTSD.
d) She is at high risk for heart disease.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
110. _____ refers to tangible and/or emotional support provided in a time of need by family members, friends, and others.
a) Hardiness
b) Optimism
c) Proactive coping
d) Social support
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
111. When Lorraine’s twins were born nine weeks early and were hospitalized because of their prematurity, she spent every day at the hospital with them. Her neighbors wanted to help in any way they could, so they cut her lawn and watered her flowers while she was gone. Lorraine’s parents helped by caring for her three-year-old son, so Lorraine could be with the babies. The help she received in her time of need from her neighbors and parents is best described as _____
a) emotion-focused coping.
b) social support.
c) perceived control.
d) a secondary appraisal.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
112. Social support has been shown to reduce _____ and improve _____ in individuals who suffer from chronic illnesses.
a) antibodies; glucocorticoids
b) self-esteem; independence
c) depression; self-esteem
d) complaining; self-sufficiency
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
113. Katherine was told that she was borderline diabetic but that if she made some lifestyle changes she could probably prevent an onset of diabetes. Katherine was confident she could do this. Kitty was told she, too, was borderline diabetic, but her physician told her this meant she would develop diabetes eventually. Katherine coped well with her situation, but Kitty did not. Based on what we know, the difference was likely to have been at least partly due to the difference in their _____
a) personalities.
b) social support.
c) sense of control.
d) physiology.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
114. Which of the following statements is supported by research regarding predictability and degree of control as it pertains to stress?
a) Research suggests that the degree of control plays no role in the experience of stress.
b) The higher the degree of control, the lower the negative impact the stress may cause.
c) A high degree of control helps deal with the physical effects of stress, but not the psychological effects of stress.
d) A high degree of control helps deal with the psychological effects of stress, but not the physical effects of stress.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
115. Lisa just finished her graduate degree in psychology and has landed a job as the director of a large nursing home. Which of the following ideas should she implement in an effort to help the residents effectively deal with their general stress?
a) Lisa should work to create a quiet atmosphere where the residents can just sit and relax.
b) Lisa should limit visiting hours so the residents can get more sleep without worrying about distractions.
c) Lisa should offer as much choice to the residents as possible so they feel they have some aspect of control over their day.
d) Lisa should avoid showing movies with loud noises, as that will likely increase their stress level.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
116. A _____ is described as spending most of one’s time sitting and getting less than 20 minutes of exercise three times per week.
a) sedentary lifestyle
b) Type A behavior pattern
c) Type B behavior pattern
d) Type D behavior pattern
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
117. Even though the number has declined over the past 40 years, coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, responsible for _____ of all deaths.
a) 57 percent
b) 38 percent
c) 12 percent
d) 100 percent
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
118. Rachael visited her physician for her annual physical. It was determined that her weight and body mass index put her at the obese level. Additionally, she was diagnosed with high cholesterol. Her physician gave her all kinds of literature warning her of the danger of smoking, a habit she has been meaning to quit for some time now. Although she loves her job as a librarian, she wonders how she can make time to exercise because she gets little or none at work. Rachael is at high risk for _____
a) liver disease.
b) clinical depression.
c) osteoporosis.
d) coronary heart disease.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
119. Ivanhoe is described by others as always in a hurry, always trying to one-up the next person, impatient, and quick to become irritated. Based on this information, Ivanhoe can be described as having _____
a) Type B behavior pattern.
b) a hardy personality.
c) competitive personality disorder.
d) Type A behavior pattern.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
120. Feeling as if one always has to do more than the next person, faster than the next person, and better than the next person, may suggest the presence of _____
a) Type C behavior pattern.
b) competitive personality disorder.
c) Type A behavior pattern.
d) Type D behavior pattern.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
121. Jessica is a highly successful, young professional. Although she is definitely ambitious, she does not seem to be overly competitive, impatient, in a rush, or easily angered. Jessica likely exhibits _____
a) Type B behavior pattern.
b) competitive personality disorder.
c) Type D behavior pattern.
d) Type C behavior pattern.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
122. A behavior pattern marked by a relaxed, easygoing approach to life describes _____
a) the Type D behavior pattern.
b) a lack of ambition.
c) the Type A behavior pattern.
d) the Type B behavior pattern.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
123. Research suggests that the factor in the Type A behavior pattern most involved in developing heart disease is _____
a) sense of urgency.
b) frustration.
c) hostility.
d) not enough exercise.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
124. A behavior pattern marked by chronic emotional distress, combined with a tendency to suppress negative emotions, describes _____
a) the Type D behavior pattern.
b) hardiness.
c) the Type A behavior pattern.
d) the Type C behavior pattern.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
125. _____ percent of Americans will develop some form of cancer in their lifetime.
a) Ninety
b) Thirty
c) Fifty
d) Ten
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.3.2: Relate how psychological factors influence cancer patients’ quality of life
Topic: Health and Illness
126. When comparing men and women, _____ are _____ percent more likely to seek medical treatment.
a) women; 50
b) men; 50
c) women; 10
d) men; 60
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3.3: Compare the differences between males and females with regard to health
Topic: Health and Illness
127. Some researchers theorize that group differences in rates of diseases and health outcomes may be the result of _____
a) historical racism and racial patterning.
b) differences in morals.
c) poor personal choices.
d) a lack of effort to be healthy.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.3.4: Describe how researchers explain ethnic group differences in health
Topic: Health and Illness
128. Poverty explains _____ in health risks and outcomes become different ethnic groups.
a) all of the differences
b) only the differences between whites and Hispanics
c) only part of the differences
d) none of the differences
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.3.4: Describe how researchers explain ethnic group differences in health
Topic: Health and Illness
129. Diane works in a bar where there is always heavy smoke from cigarettes. Her husband is worried about her exposure to tobacco smoke. Diane tells him not to worry; it is unpleasant to smell, but other people’s smoke can’t really hurt her. Who is right?
a) Diane, because she herself is not a smoker.
b) Her husband, because second-hand smoke exposure doubles the risk of a heart attack.
c) Who knows? There is no definitive research.
d) It only matters if Diane is pregnant.
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.1: Describe the effects of smoking on health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
130. Marla just gave birth to her first child, Jennifer. As soon as Jennifer was born, the medical staff carefully examined her because they knew Marla smoked heavily throughout her pregnancy even when advised not to. Which of the following statements is likely true for baby Jennifer?
a) She has a higher risk for low birth weight.
b) She is at risk for developing anxiety issues later on in life.
c) She has FAS.
d) She will likely have attention deficit disorder or reading disabilities.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.1: Describe the effects of smoking on health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
131. When consumed to excess, alcohol can _____
a) triple the risk of dying of heart disease.
b) shrink the brain.
c) triple the risk of dying in an auto accident.
d) all of the above
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.2: List the health risks associated with alcohol abuse
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
132. Shanaya and her boyfriend had a great time at the end of school party. She was the designated driver. Her boyfriend was pretty blitzed, so he laid down in the back seat while she drove them home. When she got to their apartment she couldn’t wake him up to get out of the car. She thought about just letting him sleep it off. She was irritated with him so she pinched him hard but he still did not respond. What should she do?
a) Lock the car and be prepared to tell him the next day that he better see an alcohol counselor.
b) If he is unresponsive she should stay with him, observe for signs of alcohol poisoning and call 911 if signs are present.
c) Go inside and brew some coffee to help sober him up.
d) Write her name on his forehead with permanent marker.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.2: List the health risks associated with alcohol abuse
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
133. All of the statements below except one are correct. Which statement is not correct?
a) The incidence of STDs has increased over the past 30 years.
b) The barrier methods of contraception (such as condoms) provide complete protection against STDs.
c) About 16 percent of the adult population in the United States is infected with genital herpes.
d) Some bacterial STDs, like gonorrhea, are becoming antibiotic resistant.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.3: Contrast bacterial and viral STDs
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
134. Genital warts are a sign of _____, and can _____
a) promiscuity; decrease your popularity.
b) a serious disease; indicate a high risk of cervical cancer.
c) uncleanliness; be prevented with good hygiene.
d) herpes; be cured with antibiotics.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.3: Contrast bacterial and viral STDs
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
135. Bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, such as _____, are becoming resistant to antibiotics.
a) human papillomavirus
b) genital herpes
c) gonorrhea
d) HIV
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.3: Contrast bacterial and viral STDs
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
136. All but one of the following statements are correct. Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is not correct?
a) HIV/AIDS is primarily a problem for gay men.
b) In the United States, about 11 percent of those with HIV/AIDS contracted it through sharing needles for drug use.
c) Women make up a substantial portion of those infected with HIV.
d) Circumcision reduces the risk of HIV transmission.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.3: Contrast bacterial and viral STDs
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
137. Only one of the following statements about the HPV vaccine is correct. Which of the following is statements is true?
a) The vaccine offers protection against all strains of HPV.
b) The vaccine is for both males and females.
c) The vaccine prevents the onset of cervical cancer in those who already have HPV.
d) Those who have been vaccinated need not practice safe sex, because the risk of any infection is quite low.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.3: Contrast bacterial and viral STDs
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
138. The type of fats you want to avoid in your diet because they are associated with raising levels of LDL cholesterol are _____ and _____
a) canola; olive oil.
b) unsaturated; avocado.
c) saturated: trans.
d) polyunsaturated; dairy.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.4: Explain how diet and exercise affect health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
139. Exercise that uses large muscle groups in continuous, repetitive action and increases heart and respiration rate is _____ exercise.
a) anaerobic
b) strength training
c) aerobic
d) stress
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.4.4: Explain how diet and exercise affect health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
140. To be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and endurance, and to lessen the risk of a heart attack, exercise that uses large muscle groups in continuous, repetitive action and increases heart and respiration rate should be performed a minimum of _____
a) every day for an hour.
b) once a week for two hours.
c) five times a week for 20 to 30 minutes.
d) three times a week for 15 minutes.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.4.4: Explain how diet and exercise affect health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
141. If you also want to lose weight and maintain your weight loss, you should do exercise that uses large muscle groups in continuous, repetitive action and increases heart and respiration rate at least _____ hours or more a week.
a) 3
b) 10
c) 8
d) 14
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.4: Explain how diet and exercise affect health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
142. Strength training moderates the effects of aging by reducing the loss of _____ called sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, loss of _____
a) fat; skin tone.
b) muscle; bone mass.
c) vision; hair.
d) sexual function; tooth calcium.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.4: Explain how diet and exercise affect health
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
143. _____ percent of Americans believe that there are effective ways of preventing and curing illnesses that are not recognized by the medical profession.
a) Ten
b) Fifty
c) Over 80
d) Twenty-five
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
144. It is important for physicians to be _____ patient use of alternative therapies.
a) firmly against
b) accepting of
c) respectful of
d) supportive of
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
145. Which of the following would be considered an “alternative” treatment?
a) Lifestyle changes
b) Herbal medicine
c) Stress management training
d) Exercise
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
146. It is important to tell your medical treatment provider about any herbs, vitamins, or food supplements you are taking so that ____
a) they can approve or disapprove of them.
b) they can prove to you whether they work.
c) they can tell you if they will interact with your treatment.
d) they can report scams to the FDA.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
147. Erin is being treated for diabetes by her physician. She knows there is no medical cure, so she is taking a supplement she found testimonials for on the internet. Erin does not want to tell her physician because she might disapprove or laugh at her. Erin is using a(n) _____ treatment and running the serious risk it will _____
a) quack; not work.
b) alternative; interact with her medical treatment.
c) complementary; embarrass her.
d) illegal; get her sent to jail.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
148. Although there is no evidence for most alternative treatments or preventatives, there is a great deal of scientific research that supports _____ for both prevention and treatment of many health problems.
a) prayer
b) vitamins
c) lifestyle changes
d) chiropractic treatment
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
Completion (Fill-in-the-Blank)
1. The _____ is the view that a person’s state of well-being can be threatened by major life changes.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
2. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress and then attempts to predict _____ based on the scores.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, _____ and _____ are two of the top four life events with the highest life change unit value.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
4. Sasha’s family was killed and her house leveled by a tornado that ripped through her neighborhood. She, however, was away on a business trip when the tragedy struck. Aside from grieving the loss of her family, Sasha feels bad that she survived when her family did not. Sasha’s feelings can best be described as _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
5. Emily was raped a few months ago by her own boyfriend. She was angry and frustrated but too embarrassed to tell anyone because she was certain no one would believe her anyway. Lately, Emily has had numerous bad dreams about the rape, which are preventing her from getting adequate sleep. She also thinks about what happened while she is at work even though she tries desperately not to. She feels as if she continues to re-experience the event over and over again. If Emily were to see a therapist, she would likely be diagnosed with _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.1.1: Explain how the life events approach describes stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
6. Jayla’s morning consisted of running into a traffic backup due to a car accident, spilling coffee on her suit 20 minutes later, and watching her computer crash an hour after that. According to Lazarus, these irritating morning situations can be described as _____.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
7. According to Richard Lazarus, _____ may serve to buffer individuals from the effects of stress from everyday hassles.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
8. James recently found out he was accepted into both graduate programs to which he applied. Knowing they are both highly respected programs with fantastic professors, he now has to decide which one to attend. James is facing an _____ conflict.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.1.2: Describe the contributions of hassles, uplifts, and choices to stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
9. Research by Albrecht demonstrates that _____, _____, and _____ are three of many important workplace variables connected to job satisfaction.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.1.3: Explain the variables that contribute to workers’ comfort zone
Topic: Sources of Stress
10. According to the material in the present chapter, _____, _____, and _____ are three of the four social sources of stress.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.1.4: List some of the social sources of stress
Topic: Sources of Stress
11. _____ is the subfield within psychology that is concerned with the psychological factors that contribute to health, illness, and recovery.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.2.1: Explain the biopsychosocial model approach to health and illness
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
12. When we experience stress, our _____ and endocrine system initiate the _____ response to help us fight or flee.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
13. T cells are produced in the _____, whereas B cells are produced in the _____.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.2.2: Summarize the effect of the fight-or-flight response on health
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
14. Selye demonstrated in his research that _____ seem(s) to be the main culprit causing the harmful effects of stress on the body, namely an increase in blood pressure, weakening of the muscles, and a lowering of the immune system.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.2.3: Recall how theorists explain physiological and psychological responses to stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
15. _____ is the researcher who suggests that it is not necessarily the stressor that causes stress, but rather how an individual perceives that stressor.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
16. Boris just got word that his company was bought out and will be drastically downsized. He knows he will lose his job, and he knows just how important his job is to him. Armed with this knowledge, Boris thinks about the situation and creates a game plan about how to deal with it. He decides to send out resumes the very next day in an effort to obtain a new job before he officially loses his current one. The realization that his job is important to him is considered a(n) _____, whereas the creation of a game plan reflects a(n) _____ according to Richard Lazarus.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
17. According to research presented in the chapter, three of the six general factors that seem to offer protection against the negative effects of stress, thereby increasing resilience are _____, _____, and _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
18. In terms of stress management strategies, _____ coping aims to reduce or otherwise eliminate the stressor, whereas _____ coping tries to reduce the emotional impact of the stressor.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
19. Research by Langer and Rodin (1976) with nursing home residents suggest that the more _____ an individual has, the greater the impact on overall physiological and psychological health and well-being.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.2.4: Describe the factors that promote resilience in the face of stress
Topic: The Health–Stress Connection
20. Characteristics of Type A behavior pattern include _____, _____, and _____.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
21. As it is currently understood, _____ behavior pattern is characterized by chronic emotional distress combined with a tendency to suppress negative emotions, both of which are linked to coronary heart disease.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.3.1: Outline the influences of lifestyle, heredity, and personality on coronary heart disease
Topic: Health and Illness
22. Unlike normal human cells, cancer cells _____ unless destroyed by proper treatment.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 10.3.2: Relate how psychological factors influence cancer patients’ quality of life
Topic: Health and Illness
23. Three of the many behavioral risk factors for cancer presented in the chapter are _____, _____, and _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.3.2: Relate how psychological factors influence cancer patients’ quality of life
Topic: Health and Illness
24. According to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), death rates from liver disease are far more frequent among _____ than in other ethnic groups.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.3.4: Describe how researchers explain ethnic group differences in health
Topic: Health and Illness
25. _____, the virus that causes genital warts, is strongly associated with _____ cancer.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.4.3: Contrast bacterial and viral STDs
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
Essay Questions
1. Define and explain lymphocytes and discuss their importance in terms of immune system functioning.
2. Describe, compare, and contrast Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome to Richard Lazarus’s cognitive theory of stress.
3. List, describe, and discuss at least four protective factors that seem to increase resilience and counteract the negative impact of stress.
4. Discuss ideas about the disparities in health and health outcomes between groups. What are some of the theories about the causes of the differences? How might the information about stress and health relate to these differences? What are some of the unanswered questions?
5. Discuss how to evaluate health information on the Internet. What should you trust and how much? What are the rules governing health information on the Internet? How do you evaluate a source? What do you need in order to make the best decision about health information on the Internet?
1. What is the purpose of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
2. Where is the point of stress in the approach-avoidance conflict?
3. Based on research you’ve learned about in the present chapter, why is unemployment so stressful?
4. How does a low T cell count relate to illness?
5. Why do people tend to get sick after a stressful event has passed?
6. Why would psychologists want to study resilience?
7. Why is feeling that we have some sense of control over our lives so significant?
8. What is the primary risk factor(s) involved in the Type A behavior pattern as it relates to heart disease?
9. What is the advantage of the Type A behavior pattern over the Type B behavior pattern?
10. Why should individuals inform their physicians of their use of alternative medicine?
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4.5: List the benefits and risks associated with alternative medicine
Topic: Lifestyle and Health
Document Information
Connected Book
Mastering the World of Psychology 6th Edition Exam Pack
By Samuel E. Wood