Ch9 Motivation And Emotion Test Questions & Answers - Mastering the World of Psychology 6th Edition Exam Pack by Samuel E. Wood. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank for Wood 6e
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
Multiple Choice
1. The processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior define _____
a) conservation.
b) motivation.
c) drive theory.
d) the refractory period.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
2. Aldo is taking an exam and he is stuck on a question. The exam question describes certain processes such as activation, persistence, and intensity. All he has to do is name the concept behind these terms. In order to earn full credit, which of the following should Aldo select as his response?
a) The refractory period
b) Conservation
c) Drive theory
d) Motivation
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
3. _____ is a process that causes us to begin and maintain a particular behavior in order to satisfy certain needs or desires.
a) An incentive
b) Homeostasis
c) The Yerkes-Dodson law
d) Motivation
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
4. The components of motivation include _____
a) assimilation and accommodation.
b) autonomy and initiative.
c) activation, persistence, intensity.
d) set point, parental investment, plateau.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
5. Which of the components of motivation involves taking the first steps and developing a plan for the task at hand?
a) Activation
b) Assimilation
c) Persistence
d) Self-actualization
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
6. Chelsea’s parents have been pressuring her to find a job. She wakes up Monday morning and makes a plan. First she’ll look at the classified advertisements and then she’ll look online for open positions. After that, she plans on calling all of her friends whose parents own a business to see if there are any open positions. These first steps and the plan she has created are best described as the _____ component of motivation.
a) self-actualization
b) assimilation
c) persistence
d) activation
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
7. Which of the components of motivation involves staying on task and putting forth continued effort, even when you are tired or bored, in order to achieve a goal?
a) Activation
b) Assimilation
c) Persistence
d) Self-actualization
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
8. Viga has been studying for three hours now and is getting overwhelmed with all of the statistics and formulas she has learned. Although she has been taking short breaks, she is tired and getting frustrated. Instead of quitting, however, Viga decides to take a short walk and then get right back into learning her statistics. Which of the following components of motivation best describes Viga’s determination to stick to her studying?
a) Activation
b) Persistence
c) Intensity
d) Assimilation
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
9. Which of the components of motivation involves focusing one’s energy and mental effort and applying them toward the task at hand?
a) Activation
b) Assimilation
c) Persistence
d) Intensity
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
10. Ahmed is an artist who has been working on a particular sculpture. Because he was enjoying the creative process so much, he did not notice that two hours had gone by. Additionally, because he was focusing his mental effort and attention on the piece of art, he did not even hear the phone ring. Which of the components of motivation best describe the focused attention Ahmed demonstrated during those two hours of work?
a) Activation
b) Persistence
c) Intensity
d) Assimilation
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
11. _____ are desires or needs that cause us to generate or create behavior and then aim our behavior toward a particular task.
a) Emotion-based stimuli
b) Emotions
c) Sexual derivatives
d) Motives
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
12. Stella studies for her exam so she can earn a passing grade and maintain her scholarship. Dorothy studies for her exam because that seems to be the only time her parents leave her alone. Though Stella and Dorothy are both studying for their respective exams, on which of the following bases do they differ?
a) Optimal level of arousal
b) Persistence
c) Intensity
d) Motives
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
13. The need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal defines _____
a) motivation.
b) persistence.
c) intensity.
d) assimilation.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
14. States of tension or arousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned are called _____
a) secondary drives.
b) biological primaries.
c) optimal levels of arousal.
d) primary drives.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
15. Which of the following would be considered a primary drive?
a) Achievement motivation
b) Sexual motivation
c) Social motives
d) Work motivation
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
16. Motives that are acquired through experience and interaction with others are best described as _____
a) social motives.
b) tertiary motives.
c) primary drives.
d) optimal levels of arousal.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
17. _____ would be considered a social motive.
a) Extrinsic motivation
b) Sexual motivation
c) Food
d) Achievement motivation
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
18. The conditions and processes responsible for the arousal, direction, magnitude, and maintenance of effort of workers on the job define _____
a) extrinsic motivation.
b) sexual motivation.
c) intrinsic motivation.
d) work motivation.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
19. Justin owns a small business and wants his employees to increase their productivity. He analyzes the conditions and processes that form the basis for their work. He examines the level of effort that is required to increase their performance. After that, he devises a plan that he hopes will achieve his goal. Which of the following has he just assessed in order to generate his plan?
a) Extrinsic motivation
b) Primary motivation
c) Work motivation
d) Intrinsic motivation
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
20. According to goal setting theory, an employer can increase employees’ motivation to reach goals by _____
a) having them participate in setting the goals.
b) making their employment depend on doing so.
c) making the goals super easy.
d) stating the goal in general terms.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
21. Sonya has been working diligently for the last six years on her doctorate in sociology. She finds the hard work exciting and she loves the challenge; that is what keeps her going. Her motivation fits the definition of _____
a) extrinsic motivation.
b) achievement motivation.
c) secondary motivation.
d) social motives.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
22. When individuals engage in a particular behavior because they find it pleasurable in and of itself, they are said to be _____
a) extrinsically motivated.
b) incentive driven.
c) intrinsically motivated.
d) swayed by incentives.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
23. Averee spends about three hours every Saturday at the local nursing home. She spends her time playing cards with some of the residents and has many great conversations while she is there. Averee does not get paid for her time, but does it because she really enjoys spending time with them. Averee is said to be _____
a) intrinsically motivated.
b) incentive driven.
c) extrinsically motivated.
d) selfless in her motivation.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
24. _____ comes from a desire to behave in a certain way because it is enjoyable or satisfying in and of itself.
a) Extrinsic motivation
b) Achievement motivation
c) Secondary motivation
d) Intrinsic motivation
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
25. _____ results when the desire to engage in a particular behavior is to gain some reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence.
a) Learned motivation
b) Intrinsic motivation
c) Incentive-based motivation
d) Extrinsic motivation
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
26. Fiona drives the speed limit solely because she does not want a traffic ticket. Fiona is said to be _____
a) intrinsically motivated.
b) incentive driven.
c) extrinsically motivated.
d) selfless in her motivation.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
27. George volunteers his time in the emergency room at his local hospital. Although he does not get paid for his time, he does expect that being able to list this volunteer work on his resume will help him get into the nursing program he wants to attend. _____ best explains George’s reason to volunteer his time.
a) Extrinsic motivation
b) Biologically-based motivation
c) Focused motivation
d) Intrinsic motivation
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
28. _____ results when the desire to do something comes from obtaining a reward or avoiding an undesirable consequence; _____ results when the desire to do something comes from within.
a) Extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation
b) Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
c) Focused motivation; incentive-based motivation
d) Extrinsic motivation; focused motivation
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
29. Travis and Chris are both high school teachers, but they also have summer jobs. They create patios and walkways with brick pavers. Travis works in the summer because he likes to be outside and enjoys creating artistic patios for others. Chris works during the summer because he wants the extra money. Based on this scenario, which of the following statements is true?
a) Chris is intrinsically motivated.
b) Travis is extrinsically motivated.
c) Chris and Travis are both intrinsically motivated.
d) Travis is intrinsically motivated.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
30. Children playing at recess because they enjoy it is to _____ as delivering pizzas solely because one earns a paycheck is to _____
a) extrinsic motivation; incentive-based work motive.
b) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation.
c) focused motivation; extrinsic motivation.
d) intrinsic motivation; focused motivation.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
31. A stimulus from the environment that motivates a behavior is called _____
a) a motive.
b) an incentive.
c) intrinsic motivation.
d) a biological motive.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
32. Psychologists generally agree that _____ true instincts motivate human behavior.
a) no
b) only a few
c) some
d) many
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
33. The _____ was developed by _____
a) sexual response cycle; Abraham Maslow.
b) drive-reduction theory; Clark Hull.
c) Yerkes-Dodson law; Masters and Johnson.
d) instinct theory; Simon LeVay.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
34. The drive-reduction theory rests on the idea that our bodies strive to maintain _____
a) optimal arousal.
b) basic needs.
c) homeostasis.
d) a hierarchy of needs.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
35. Stan just ran a mile in the heat and all he can think about is getting something to drink and cooling off. Stan is experiencing the effects predicted by the _____
a) arousal theory.
b) drive-reduction theory.
c) Yerkes-Dodson effect.
d) refractory theory.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
36. According to Clark Hull, an internal state of tension is called _____
a) a balanced internal state.
b) a basic need.
c) homeostasis.
d) a drive.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
37. Shannon was so hungry that she found herself unable to concentrate on her studies. The only thing she could think of was food, which made it impossible to learn the material in her textbook. She decided to leave the library and eat dinner before returning to study again. Which of the following theories best describes Shannon’s motivation to go eat dinner?
a) The arousal theory
b) The drive-reduction theory
c) The Lazarus theory
d) The James-Lange theory
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
38. The _____ assumes that humans are motivated to reduce tension, whereas the _____ assumes humans are sometimes motivated to increase tension.
a) drive-reduction theory; arousal theory
b) arousal theory; hierarchy of needs
c) drive-reduction theory; instinct theory
d) arousal theory; drive-reduction theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
39. The _____ implies that the primary reason for motivation is to maintain just the right level of mental and physical activity and alertness—not being too bored or too overwhelmed.
a) drive-reduction theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) arousal theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
40. Leo was sitting in his history class and was extremely bored by the lecture. Before he knew it, he was doodling all over his notes and found himself thinking of what else he could draw. Which theory of motivation best describes why Leo began drawing?
a) The James-Lange theory
b) The arousal theory
c) The hierarchy of needs
d) The Lazarus theory
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
41. Which of the following theories represent the biological approach to explaining motivation?
a) The arousal theory
b) The James-Lange theory
c) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
d) The achievement motivation theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
42. Which of the following statements is false?
a) The need to maintain an appropriate level of arousal can motivate human behaviors.
b) Humans are sometimes motivated to increase tension.
c) Having an unbalanced internal state can motivate human behaviors.
d) Biological needs, such as the desire for money and fame, play the largest role in the motivation of human behavior.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
43. When arousal is too low, _____ can cause humans and other animals to seek to increase stimulation.
a) achievement motives
b) primary drives
c) secondary drives
d) stimulus motives
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
44. Joseph was sitting at the airport waiting to board his plane. His flight had already been delayed by poor weather conditions. As he found himself getting restless and tired of waiting, he decided to play solitaire on his cell phone. The desire to play the game on his cell phone would be considered _____
a) the mastery approach.
b) a stimulus motive.
c) a primary drive.
d) an achievement motive.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
45. According to the arousal theory, being bored can result in _____
a) approach-goals.
b) stimulus motivation.
c) the need to achieve.
d) mastery/goals.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
46. Which of the following would not be considered stimulus motives?
a) Play
b) Sleeping
c) The need to explore
d) Curiosity
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
47. The Yerkes-Dodson law links _____ with _____
a) motivation; needs.
b) performance; needs.
c) arousal; motivation.
d) arousal; performance.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
48. The principle that performance on tasks is best when the arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task is known as _____
a) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
b) the drive-reduction theory.
c) the Lazarus theory.
d) the James-Lange theory.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
49. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, successful performance on a difficult and complex task requires _____
a) no arousal.
b) lower arousal.
c) moderate arousal.
d) higher arousal.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
50. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, successful performance on a simple task requires _____
a) no arousal.
b) lower arousal.
c) moderate arousal.
d) higher arousal.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
51. Successful performance on a moderately challenging task requires _____, according to the Yerkes-Dodson law.
a) no arousal
b) low arousal
c) moderate arousal
d) high arousal
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
52. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, successful performance on a simple task requires _____, whereas successful performance on a difficult and complex task requires _____.
a) low arousal; high arousal
b) moderate arousal; high arousal
c) low arousal; low arousal
d) high arousal; low arousal
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
53. Courtney is a gymnast and is preparing to compete in a very difficult and challenging meet. Her friend and fellow gymnast, Luke, suggests that Courtney relax and take her high arousal down a notch to a lower point. However, her coach tries to get her all revved up and excited to compete in the meet. Which of the following will likely be true based on theories of motivation?
a) Courtney should listen to Luke in order to perform at her best level.
b) Courtney should listen to her coach and get as hyped up for her performances as she can.
c) Courtney should weigh what they both have to say, but ultimately listen to her coach.
d) Courtney should ignore Luke’s opinion entirely.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
54. Dustin works at the local drugstore as a cashier. He feels his job is very simple, and he easily gets bored at work. In order for Dustin to perform at a high level at work, he should have _____ level of arousal.
a) an achievement
b) a low
c) a moderate
d) a high
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
55. Rita’s favorite college football team made it to the national championship game with a near perfect win-loss record. Though her team was known for playing a smart game with few errors throughout the season, she was surprised and disappointed to see them making so many errors in the big game. The players just couldn’t seem to settle down and play the type of game for which they were known. In the end, they lost by a large margin. Which of the following theories or principles of motivation could best account for the behavior of Rita’s favorite team?
a) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
b) The Schachter-Singer theory
c) The goal orientation theory
d) The Yerkes-Dodson law
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
56. Zakaria is currently working for a large company on a contract basis. The company needed some help changing the negative tone of the work environment. Zakaria came in and created a team-work training series for the company and also set up an incentive-based payment structure. Which of the following job titles does Zakaria likely have?
a) Psychiatrist
b) Industrial/organizational psychologist
c) Certified public accountant
d) Shift supervisor
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
57. A(n) _____ is a psychologist who applies her or his knowledge in the workplace and is especially interested in work motivation and job performance.
a) shift supervisor
b) psychiatrist
c) certified public accountant
d) industrial/organizational psychologist
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
58. Jaycee’s employees are quite dissatisfied. They are not meeting his goals and nothing he does seems to motivate him. Jaycee could benefit most from a(n) _____
a) developmental psychologist.
b) industrial/organizational psychologist.
c) stricter shift supervisor.
d) more relaxed attitude.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
59. As a strategy for work motivation, _____ involves establishing specific, difficult but attainable goals rather than simply telling people to do their best in the absence of assigned goals.
a) the workforce mastery approach
b) achievement motivation
c) goal setting
d) the industrial goal theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
60. According to the _____, work motivation is explained in terms of workers’ beliefs about the effectiveness and value of the effort they put forth on the job.
a) theory of achievement
b) biological motivational theory
c) expectancy theory
d) social motive theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
61. The three major concepts that form the basis for work motivation within the expectancy theory are _____
a) achievement, expectancy, and social motives.
b) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
c) biological motivation, achievement, and valence.
d) social motives, valence, and instrumentality.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
62. Elliott, fresh out of college, is an engineer who has just begun his career. He knows that the harder he works, the better he will get at engineering. Which component of the expectancy theory is likely motivating Elliott the most?
a) Achievement
b) Valence
c) Expectancy
d) Social motives
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
63. Rima is the newest attorney in a large law firm. She knows no one, and the only person who really knows her is the gentleman who interviewed and hired her. She is determined to work hard, get noticed, and get her first raise before the end of her first year of employment. Which component of the expectancy theory is likely motivating Rima the most?
a) Achievement
b) Valence
c) Instrumentality
d) Social motives
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
64. Felicity is a highly motivated pharmaceutical representative. She has earned a company-paid trip for the last two years and has enjoyed every bit of those vacations. Because she values those trips so much, she has made it a personal goal to earn another trip this year. Which component of the expectancy theory is likely motivating Felicity the most?
a) Achievement
b) Valence
c) Expectancy
d) Social motives
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
65. Which of the following researchers developed the Thematic Apperception Test?
a) Abraham Maslow
b) Henry Murray
c) David Buss
d) James Lange
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
66. The _____ is a social motive named by _____, which suggests that some individuals have the desire to accomplish something difficult and to hold themselves to high standards.
a) notion of self-actualization; Henry Murray
b) goal orientation; David Buss
c) need for achievement; Henry Murray
d) notion of self-actualization; Abraham Maslow
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
67. Nino finds that he sets high standards of excellence for himself and strives to reach those standards. Nino notices that his desire to reach difficult goals and attain high standards seems to increase as previous goals are met. Nino is said to have _____
a) a mastery/avoidance orientation.
b) a high need for achievement.
c) a performance/avoidance orientation.
d) an external locus of control.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
68. Which of the following statements is true of the research by McClelland and Atkinson regarding the need for achievement (n Ach)?
a) Individuals with a low need for achievement are fueled by hope of succeeding.
b) Those with a high need for achievement set difficult goals.
c) Those with a low need for achievement tend to set realistic goals for themselves.
d) Individuals with a high need for achievement are fueled by fear of failure.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
69. Which of the following is not part of the goal orientation theory?
a) Mastery/approach
b) Achievement/avoidance
c) Performance/avoidance
d) Mastery/avoidance
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
70. According to the goal orientation theory, those who adhere to the _____ orientation seem to be motivated to do whatever may be necessary to avoid failing, whereas those who adhere to the _____ orientation are intrinsically motivated to do whatever they can to put themselves into a position to succeed.
a) performance/approach; mastery/approach
b) mastery/avoidance; mastery/approach
c) performance/avoidance; performance/approach
d) mastery/avoidance; performance/approach
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
71. Which of the following orientation of the goal orientation theory entails comparisons to others?
a) Performance/approach
b) Mastery/performance
c) Mastery/approach
d) Mastery/avoidance
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
72. Allya is in her third year of college and has a grade point of average of 3.92 out of 4.00. She is not really concerned about other students in her courses; Allya is simply determined to earn the highest grade point average possible based on her abilities. According to goal orientation theory, which of the following orientations most likely led her to achieve this high GPA?
a) Mastery/avoidance
b) Performance/approach
c) Performance/avoidance
d) Mastery/approach
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
73. Matthew is a teacher at a local high school. He doesn’t particularly like his job, nor does he have much regard for his students. He shows up to work every day and works hard enough to be better than the worst teacher. He does enough avoid getting fired or otherwise losing his job, but by no means is he striving to be a great teacher. According to research on the goal orientation theory, which of the following orientations most likely fits Matthew’s motivation?
a) Mastery/avoidance
b) Performance/approach
c) Performance/avoidance
d) Mastery/performance
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
74. Rhianna is fiercely competitive in the classroom. If she does not graduate at the head of the class she will feel bad. According to research on the goal orientation theory, which of the following orientations most likely fits Rhianna’s motivation?
a) Mastery/avoidance
b) Performance/approach
c) Performance/avoidance
d) Mastery/performance
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
75. Bryce knows that the rest of the class got Ds and Fs on a difficult exam, so he is happy with a C, even though he knows he could have gotten an A with a little more effort. Bryce’s motivation best matches _____
a) mastery/avoidance.
b) performance/approach.
c) performance/avoidance.
d) mastery/performance.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
76. Kerry is a straight A student. She does not really enjoy studying, but her siblings are all straight A students and her parents are extremely proud of that. She does not want to disappoint her parents or be labeled the “dumb sister,” so she often stays up all night studying even though she is not really interested in the class. She demonstrates _____
a) mastery/avoidance.
b) performance/approach.
c) performance/avoidance.
d) mastery/approach.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
77. _____ is best known for his hierarchy of needs theory.
a) Abraham Maslow
b) Henry Murray
c) David Buss
d) James Lange
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
78. The first needs that must be met before others, according to Maslow, positioned at the bottom of the hierarchy, are the _____ needs.
a) self-actualization
b) safety and security
c) physiological
d) love and belongingness
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
79. According to Maslow, the need to _____ must be met before _____.
a) feel safe; biological needs are satisfied
b) self-actualize; the need to feel secure
c) feel loved; security needs are met
d) feel competent and gain respect from others; one can begin to self-actualize
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
80. According to Maslow’s ideas, which of the following appears to be the “hallmark” of self-actualizers?
a) A sense of humor
b) Peak experiences
c) Safety and security
d) Accurately perceiving reality
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
81. Prior to working on self-esteem, which of the following needs did Maslow indicate must be met?
a) Self-actualization, safety and security needs, resolute needs
b) Life-sustaining physiological needs and the need for achievement
c) The need to be loved, physiological needs, realizing one’s full potential
d) Physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
82. Roger is a therapist who is working with an individual currently experiencing legal and relationship difficulties. Roger finds out that because of all of the legal fees the person has incurred, the individual has lost her house and has nowhere to stay. Which of the following should Roger address based on Maslow’s theory?
a) He should first help her find shelter so she feels secure.
b) He should first work on helping her to feel a sense of belongingness.
c) Roger should first help her feel a sense of competence and self-worth so she can find a job.
d) He should do whatever he can, as soon as he can, to help her reach her fullest potential.
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
83. When activated, the _____ sends signals to stop eating.
a) lateral hypothalamus
b) limbic system
c) amygdala
d) ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
84. When activated, the _____ sends signals to eat.
a) lateral hypothalamus
b) limbic system
c) amygdala
d) ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
85. Activity in the _____ tells us to eat, whereas activity in the _____ tells us to stop eating because we are full.
a) amygdala; right frontal lobe
b) lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus
c) lateral hypothalamus; prefrontal cortex
d) amygdala; ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
86. The _____ is to the feeding center as _____ is to the satiety center.
a) lateral hypothalamus; prefrontal cortex
b) ventromedial hypothalamus; amygdala
c) lateral hypothalamus; ventromedial hypothalamus
d) limbic system; ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
87. The _____ is part of the hypothalamus that acts as a feeding center to incite eating.
a) geniculate nucleus
b) amygdala
c) ventromedial hypothalamus
d) lateral hypothalamus
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
88. The _____ is part of the hypothalamus that acts as a satiety (fullness) center to inhibit eating.
a) geniculate nucleus
b) amygdala
c) ventromedial hypothalamus
d) pituitary gland
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
89. Which of the following does not play a role in the physiological causes of hunger?
a) Blood glucose levels
b) Cholecystokinin levels
c) Hypothalamic activity
d) Cerebellar function
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
90. Chronic oversecretion of _____, a hormone produced by the pancreas, stimulates hunger and often leads to obesity.
a) insulin
b) cholecystokinin (CCK)
c) glucose
d) melatonin
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
91. Which of the following factors play a role in the inhibition of eating?
a) Low blood glucose levels
b) Cholecystokinin
c) Stomach contractions
d) The appetizing smell of food
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
92. Which of the following factors send us the signal to eat?
a) An increase in insulin
b) Raised blood glucose levels
c) The desire to be thin
d) Activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
93. Adam has had difficulty controlling his insulin level for years. While he monitors his blood glucose level and tries to eat right, he finds that he still has insulin levels that are too high. In fact, medical tests have shown that his body chronically oversecretes insulin. Based on research, Adam likely _____
a) is very thin.
b) never feels hungry.
c) has too much activity in his ventromedial hypothalamus.
d) is overweight or even obese.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
94. _____, the measure of weight relative to height, allows health professionals to classify individuals’ body weights.
a) Set point
b) Cholecystokinin (CCK) indicator
c) Body mass index (BMI)
d) Blood sugar levels
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
95. Giorgio is a high school student who is on the wrestling team. He competes in the heaviest weight class and has won many of his matches this year. Yesterday in his physical education class, he learned how to calculate his body mass index. He found that it was 31.1. Which of the following is true based on this scenario?
a) Because of Giorgio’s low body mass index, he is at risk for anorexia nervosa.
b) Giorgio is clearly at a healthy weight for his height.
c) Giorgio should not be concerned about a high body mass index because he is so young.
d) Giorgio is considered to be overweight.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
96. Based on research by Barsh and colleagues (2000), _____ genes appear to be related to body weight regulation.
a) 7
b) about a dozen
c) approximately 20
d) more than 40
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
97. The _____ measures the rate at which the body burns calories to produce energy.
a) amount of leptin
b) metabolic rate
c) body mass index reading
d) set-point
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
98. The _____ implies that each individual is genetically programmed to carry a particular amount of body weight.
a) metabolic rate theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) body mass index theory
d) set-point theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
99. Jessica comes home from middle school one day and is upset. Her Mom asks her what is wrong and Jessica responds, “All the kids at school make fun of me and say that I am chunky and big-boned. I just want to be thin like the rest of the girls!” Jessica’s Mom retorts with, “Honey, don’t worry what the other kids say. You don’t have to be very thin like some of those other girls, just make sure you are healthy. Besides, we are all genetically preprogrammed to carry around a certain amount of body weight. That is just how we were made.” Jessica’s Mom is clearly referring to the _____
a) body mass index theory.
b) James-Lange theory.
c) set-point theory.
d) metabolic rate theory.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
100. Which of the following genetic-based concepts is NOT discussed in the chapter as a possible explanation for the variation in body weight among individuals?
a) Leptin amount
b) Metabolic rate
c) Biochemical messages sent to the hypothalamus
d) Adenovirus complications
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.2: List the factors that contribute to individual differences in body weight
Topic: Hunger
101. Which of the following is false of Americans with respect to their weight?
a) The percentage of overweight adults has increased over the years.
b) More than one-third of adults are obese.
c) Today, 100 percent of American adults are either overweight or obese.
d) A BMI over 30 indicates obesity.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.3: Summarize what research suggests about obesity and dieting
Topic: Hunger
102. Obesity is defined by body mass index for individuals who are _____
a) under age 10.
b) over age 30.
c) between ages 15 and 20.
d) between ages 10 and 15.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.3: Summarize what research suggests about obesity and dieting
Topic: Hunger
103. Emily was at her doctor’s office for her yearly checkup. She knew she had been experiencing some weight gain and had good intentions over the last year to get that under control. However, she was appalled and shocked to find her body mass index was 32.5. What will the doctor say about her current weight?
a) The doctor will likely diagnose her with bulimia nervosa.
b) The doctor will classify her as being obese.
c) Her physician will show concern about her weight and ask her about the possibility of having anorexia nervosa.
d) Her doctor will congratulate her on the changes in body weight because she is now at a healthy target weight.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.3: Summarize what research suggests about obesity and dieting
Topic: Hunger
104. Twenty-two-year-old Ted is at the doctor’s office for his annual physical with his family physician. After being weighed and measured, it is clear that Ted is almost six feet tall but weighs only 125 pounds. When discussing this with his physician, he also shares that he sees himself as fat, which is why he eats very little. Ted’s physician asked him to look in the mirror and report what he sees. Ted reports seeing a very tall and overweight male. Ted’s physician should be concerned because Ted seems to meet the criteria for _____
a) bulimia nervosa.
b) binge eating disorder.
c) lateral hypothalamus damage.
d) anorexia nervosa.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
105. _____ is characterized by a distorted view of one’s body, a very low body weight, and a fear of becoming fat.
a) Binge eating disorder
b) Anorexia nervosa
c) Ventromedial hypothalamus damage
d) Bulimia nervosa
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
106. Which of the following is not a complication of anorexia nervosa?
a) Impaired heart function
b) Low blood pressure
c) Dehydration
d) High-cholesterol serum
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
107. What percentage of people with anorexia nervosa will eventually die of starvation or complications of organ damage from the disorder?
a) Less than 5 percent
b) About 12 percent
c) Approximately 6 percent
d) Nearly 1 in 3 percent
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
108. Having a distorted perception of one’s own body, weighing less than one should based on height and weight, and having an intense fear of becoming overweight are symptoms of _____, whereas the act of bingeing (and feeling one has lost control during the binge) and purging are symptoms of _____
a) anorexia nervosa; lateral hypothalamus damage.
b) bulimia nervosa; binge eating disorder.
c) anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa.
d) ventromedial hypothalamus damage; lateral hypothalamus damage.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
109. Which of the following is not a known complication of an eating disorder?
a) Kidney damage
b) Eroded enamel leading to rotting teeth
c) Death
d) Speech impairments
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
110. Recurrent episodes of bingeing and purging are best explained by a diagnosis of _____
a) bulimia nervosa.
b) binge eating disorder.
c) ventromedial hypothalamus damage.
d) lateral hypothalamus damage.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
111. Although Tamara seems to be of average weight and height, her roommate notices that she has some potentially unhealthy eating behaviors. A few days after they go grocery shopping, many of the high calorie, rich foods turn up missing. Her roommate also notices that Tamara spends hours upon hours at the gym and often takes laxatives. Tamara’s roommate is concerned that Tamara may be struggling with _____
a) anorexia nervosa.
b) binge-eating disorder.
c) ventromedial hypothalamus damage.
d) bulimia nervosa.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
112. Which of the following neurotransmitters appears to contribute to bulimia nervosa?
a) Acetylcholine
b) Dopamine
c) Serotonin
d) Glutamate
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.2.4: Describe the characteristics of eating disorders
Topic: Hunger
113. Which of the following researchers brought sexuality out into the open and shattered many widely held beliefs by publishing reports in the 1940s and 1950s regarding the sexual behavior and attitudes of men and women in the United States?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Alfred Kinsey
c) Walter Cannon
d) David Buss
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.3.1: Describe cultural and gender differences in sexual attitudes and behavior
Topic: Sexual Motivation
114. Based on sexuality research presented in the current chapter, which of the following statements is true?
a) Japan reported the highest frequency of intercourse.
b) Female college students reported expecting sexual intercourse to become part of the dating relationship sooner than male college students.
c) Though the gender gap has narrowed, men are still more likely to have more permissive attitudes toward sex than females.
d) Greece reported the lowest annual rate of sexual activity.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.3.1: Describe cultural and gender differences in sexual attitudes and behavior
Topic: Sexual Motivation
115. _____ is a term used by evolutionary psychologists to denote the amount of time and effort men or women must devote to parenthood.
a) Parental investment
b) The Yerkes-Dodson index
c) Resolute parenting
d) The child-rearing factor
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.3.1: Describe cultural and gender differences in sexual attitudes and behavior
Topic: Sexual Motivation
116. Which of the following researchers studied the sexual response cycle?
a) Cannon and Bard
b) Kinsey and Pomeroy
c) Buss and Kabb
d) Masters and Johnson
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
117. While watching a steamy sex scene in a movie on TV, Jamison noticed that his heart rate began to increase as did his blood pressure. He also noticed that his penis was becoming erect. In which phase of the sexual response cycle is Jamison?
a) Plateau phase
b) Excitement phase
c) Resolution phase
d) Arousal phase
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
118. The _____ phase comes before the _____ phase in the sexual response cycle.
a) resolution; orgasm
b) excitement; plateau
c) arousal; excitement
d) orgasm; arousal
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
119. Which of the following is not one of the four components of the sexual response cycle as proposed by Masters and Johnson?
a) Plateau phase
b) Arousal phase
c) Resolution phase
d) Orgasm
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
120. Which of the following is correct regarding the order of the sexual response cycle?
a) Arousal phase, resolution phase, orgasm, refractory period
b) Plateau phase, excitement phase, resolution phase, orgasm
c) Resolution phase, orgasm, plateau phase, refractory period
d) Excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasm, resolution phase
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
121. While Morgan was engaging in sexual activity with her significant other, she noticed rhythmic muscle contractions and a period of time in which she felt that immense tension was released. Morgan likely just experienced the _____, which is a component of the sexual response cycle.
a) orgasm
b) refractory period
c) excitement phase
d) resolution phase
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
122. Men experience the _____ during the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle.
a) refractory period; plateau
b) orgasm; resolution
c) orgasm; plateau
d) refractory period; resolution
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
123. Tom just finished having sex with his significant other. He noticed that his heart rate was beginning to slow down and his muscles were much more relaxed. Tom was likely in the _____ of the sexual response cycle.
a) orgasm phase
b) excitement phase
c) plateau phase
d) resolution phase
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
124. Male hormones are referred to as _____, whereas the female hormones are often referred to as _____.
a) testosterones; androgens
b) androgens; estrogen and progesterone
c) adrenal-stimulating hormones; ovary-stimulating hormones
d) progesterones; estrogens
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
125. Men’s sexual fantasies usually involve _______, whereas women’s sexual fantasies usually involve _________ .
a) emotional and romantic content; vivid visual imagery
b) visual sensations; auditory sensations
c) strangers and acquaintances; other women
d) specific visual imagery; emotional and romantic content
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
126. _____ refers to the feelings of sexual attraction, desire, and preference an individual has toward others.
a) Sexual motivation
b) Emotional orientation
c) Sexual orientation
d) Gender preference
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.3.3: Summarize what research shows regarding sexual orientation
Topic: Sexual Motivation
127. Janna is finding that she has romantic and sexual feelings toward other women. Although she wants to be attracted to males, she just doesn’t feel it. Janna’s sexual orientation can best be described as _____
a) homosexual.
b) heterosexual with bisexual tendencies.
c) bisexual.
d) heterosexual.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.3.3: Summarize what research shows regarding sexual orientation
Topic: Sexual Motivation
128. Which of the following is false regarding research on sexual orientation?
a) Some studies show that 50–60 percent of the identical twins of gay men are also gay.
b) A few studies show that exposure to atypical amounts of androgens during the prenatal period may somehow explain transgender.
c) Some research supports the notion that too small a hypothalamus may contribute to the understanding of homosexuality among men.
d) Some twin studies show that environment plays a larger role in determining homosexual behavior, since the heritability rates are just under 20 percent for both male and female twin pairs.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.3.3: Summarize what research shows regarding sexual orientation
Topic: Sexual Motivation
129. Which of the following statements is true regarding social attitudes toward individuals of a homosexual orientation?
a) Women are more likely than men to express negative views toward homosexuality.
b) Many Americans support the rights of homosexuals to speak out and try to influence public policy.
c) Although homosexuality is not yet completely accepted in the United States, it is accepted across all other cultures.
d) About three-fourths of American men and women approve of same-sex relationships.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.3.4: How have attitudes toward homosexuality changed in recent decades?
Topic: Sexual Motivation
130. A state involving physiological arousal, a cognitive appraisal of the situation that produced the state, and an outward behavior expressing the state, defines _____
a) intrinsic motivation.
b) a high need for achievement.
c) motivation.
d) emotion.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
131. Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that the physiological, or bodily, response occurs first, with the emotion then following?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
132. Austin is sitting in class when suddenly his heart begins to pound, he begins to sweat, and his hands begin to feel clammy. Next, fear and nervousness set in as he walks to the front of the class for his oral presentation. What theory of emotion best fits this situation?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
133. The _____ states that emotional feelings result when an individual becomes aware of a physiological response to an emotion-provoking stimulus (e.g., feeling fear because of trembling).
a) LeDoux theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) James-Lange theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
134. Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that the physiological response occurs simultaneously with the emotion?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
135. Julian is watching the University of Texas Longhorns basketball game. Just as his heart starts pounding and hands begin trembling, he rejoices in excitement that his team has won the championship. Which theory of emotion can best explain this scenario?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
136. The _____ states that an emotion-provoking stimulus is transmitted simultaneously to the cerebral cortex, providing the conscious mental experience of the emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, causing the physiological arousal.
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) James-Lange theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
137. Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that the physiological response occurs first, and then the cognitive interpretation of the physiological response occurs, which then allows the appropriate emotion to be identified?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
138. Sevina is sitting at her desk at work. She suddenly feels her stomach drop and heart pound. She then thinks about and remembers that she forgot to pay her rent yesterday. This results in her feeling upset and frustrated because her landlord told her not to be late getting the payment in. Which theory of emotion best fits this situation?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
139. _____ is a two-factor theory stating that for an emotion to occur, there must be (1) physiological arousal and (2) a cognitive interpretation or explanation of the arousal, allowing it to be labeled as a specific emotion.
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) LeDoux theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
140. Which of the following theories of emotion contains a cognitive component?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Kinsey theory
d) drive-reduction theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
141. Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that first the mental processing exists, then the emotion with the physiological response follows?
a) Schachter-Singer theory
b) James-Lange theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Lazarus theory
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
142. Luke just received word that his grandmother passed away. First, he thinks about how much he loved her and how much he will miss her. He then feels sad and begins to cry. Which theory of emotion best describes this situation?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Lazarus theory
d) Cannon-Bard theory
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
143. The _____ states that a cognitive appraisal is the first step in an emotional response and that all other aspects of an emotion, including physiological arousal, depend on it.
a) Cannon-Bard theory
b) Schachter-Singer theory
c) Smith-Scott theory
d) Lazarus theory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
144. The _____ is a portion of the brain that seems to be directly involved in experiencing fear.
a) right hemisphere
b) cerebral cortex
c) hippocampus
d) amygdala
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.2: Explain what affective neuroscientists have learned about emotion and the brain
Topic: Emotion
145. Which part of the brain is responsible for “conquering one’s fear”?
a) Hypothalamus
b) Cortex
c) Lateral hypothalamus
d) Ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.4.2: Explain what affective neuroscientists have learned about emotion and the brain
Topic: Emotion
146. Affective neuroscientists say that the _____ works with the cortex to suppress the emotional cues that are associated with immediate reward and impulsivity.
a) anterior cingulate cortex
b) hippocampus
c) lateral hypothalamus
d) ventromedial hypothalamus
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 9.4.2: Explain what affective neuroscientists have learned about emotion and the brain
Topic: Emotion
147. Which of the following statements is false regarding basic emotions?
a) They are innate.
b) They are universal.
c) They are greatly influenced by experience.
d) They can be determined from facial expressions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
148. Ally has a belief that whenever she gets angry, frustrated, or sad, all she has to do is force herself to smile and she will experience a decrease in that negative emotion. While her coworkers tend to poke fun at her for doing this, she is convinced it really works. Ally’s behavior can be best aligned with the _____
a) Izard-Ekman hypothesis.
b) facial-feedback hypothesis.
c) display rule hypothesis.
d) basic emotions hypothesis.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
149. _____ dictate how emotions should generally be expressed within a culture and when and where their expression is appropriate.
a) Display rules
b) The need for achievement
c) Societal affective factors
d) Basic emotions
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
150. Which of the following psychologists initiated the positive psychology movement?
a) Alfred Kinsey
b) David Buss
c) Martin Seligman
d) Clark Hull
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
Completion (Fill-in-the-Blank)
1. According to psychologists, the three components of motivation are _____, _____, and _____.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
2. Emile paints because it is enjoyable to him; his desire to paint comes from within. Emile is said to have _____.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
3. The one and only reason Julius works as a waiter is because the tip money is outstanding. Julius’s desire to gain this external reward as a primary reason for working illustrates the notion of _____.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.1.1: Define and classify motivation from a psychologist’s perspective
Topic: Explaining Motivation
4. Clark Hull’s theory of motivation rests on the idea of _____, which is the body’s need for balance.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
5. The _____ states that individuals are motivated to maintain the optimal level of alertness and mental/physical activation.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
6. The two primary factors involved in the Yerkes-Dodson law are _____ and _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.1.2: Explain how drive reduction and arousal theory explain motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
7. Kara is an industrial/organizational psychologist who is interested in studying job performance and _____, which can be described as processes and conditions that help employees to maintain arousal and effort on the job.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
8. The three important components to the expectancy theory are _____, _____, and _____.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
9. Jorge sets high standards for himself and expects to excel at the goals he sets. As he attains those goals, he sets additional goals and works even harder to reach them. According to Henry Murray and other researchers, Jorge displays a(n) _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
10. Giovanni has been working at the same agency for the last four years. He has not been promoted at all and is beginning to feel frustrated with his boss and burned out in his current position. Although he does not want to get fired, he has no desire to overachieve. As a result, he decides that he’ll just do the bare minimum amount of work needed to maintain his job. Giovanni’s decision reflects a(n) _____ orientation, according to the goal orientation theory.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.1.3: Explain the behavioral and social-cognitive approaches to work and achievement motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
Topic: Hunger
11. According to Maslow, the “hallmark” of self-actualizers is the occurrence of _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.1.4: Explain Maslow’s views on motivation
Topic: Explaining Motivation
Topic: Hunger
12. Hannah’s mother is informed that her daughter was involved in an auto accident, which destroyed what doctors refer to as her satiety (of fullness) center. When she asks what that means, the doctors specify that Hannah has damage to part of the brain called the _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
13. The amount of glucose in the blood, which is a factor in hunger, is detected by the _____.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
14. Changes in _____, the hormone produced by the body’s fat tissues, appears to play a role in the regulation of body weight.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.2.1: Summarize how internal and external cues influence eating behavior
Topic: Hunger
15. About _____ percent of adults in the United States are obese, which is indicated by a body mass index of _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.2.3: Summarize what research suggests about obesity and dieting
Topic: Hunger
16. About 65 years ago, _____ published his research about male and female sexual attitudes and behavior, information that shocked the world and changed individuals’ beliefs about sexuality.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.3.1: Describe cultural and gender differences in sexual attitudes and behavior
Topic: Sexual Motivation
17. The four stages of Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle, in order of occurrence, are _____, _____, _____, and _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
18. Though both men and women experience the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle after orgasm, only men experience the _____ that occurs within that phase.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 9.3.2: Describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle
Topic: Sexual Motivation
19. Though not entirely conclusive at this point, research by Simon LeVay and others have demonstrated that homosexuality may be linked with a smaller _____ in the brain.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 9.3.3: Summarize what research shows regarding sexual orientation
Topic: Sexual Motivation
20. When asked to explain emotion in class, Kendra responded with, “Emotions begin with some type of physiological change in your body, such as a rapid heartbeat and sweaty palms. After that, the emotion can be named.” Kendra’s explanation is in line with the _____ theory of emotion.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
21. The _____ theory of emotion postulates that emotion and physiological changes occur at the same time.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
22. Richard Lazarus explains his theory of emotion as beginning with a(n) _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 9.4.1: Describe the major theories that have been proposed to explain emotion
Topic: Emotion
23. Chae An is interviewing at a potential graduate school today. She is nervous and somewhat fearful because she has never had an interview with this much importance. Research suggests that although Chae An’s amygdala will be highly activated, her _____ can help neutralize those nervous and fearful feelings.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.4.2: Explain what affective neuroscientists have learned about emotion and the brain
Topic: Emotion
24. _____ are cultural guidelines that suggest to people when, where, and how to express emotions.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
25. Angelo is a seven-year-old boy who is playing outside during recess time. Another student, the class bully, makes fun of Angelo in front of other kids. Though Angelo wants to cry, he does not want the other kids to make fun of him, so he holds it in. After school when Angelo gets home, he tells his parents what happened and cries as he is doing so. Angelo just demonstrated an understanding of _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
Essay Questions
1. Explain the concept of the hierarchy of needs and illustrate how that theory might apply to working with individuals experiencing domestic violence.
2. Describe the goal orientation theory and demonstrate your understanding of the theory by applying it to an athlete.
3. Compare and contrast the Schachter-Singer theory with the Lazarus theory. Demonstrate your understanding by including examples of the theories.
4. Discuss the arousal theory of motivation. Explain the theory, then describe types of behaviors that might be motivated by a need to lower arousal and types of behaviors that might be motivated to raise arousal. What are some productive and healthy ways that you can act on your stimulus motives?
5. Discuss two social-cognitive theories of motivation, need for achievement and goal orientation. Describe each and discuss their similarities and differences. Which one do you think best explains what motivates people you know, or yourself? Why?
1. Why is persistence an important component of motivation?
2. Why would children playing be an example of intrinsic motivation?
3. Is it possible for the same behavior to have both intrinsically and extrinsically motivating factors? If so, how?
4. Are social motives different from primary drives? If so, how?
5. How does Clark Hull’s drive-reduction theory rest on the concept of homeostasis?
6. Why is it inaccurate to simply state that the lateral hypothalamus is the feeding center, whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus is the satiety (fullness) center?
7. What will likely result in an individual whose body produces too much insulin?
8. Why should we be concerned about a BMI over 30?
9. Why is it so crucial to properly identify and treat individuals with eating disorders?
10. Why do display rules of emotion vary?
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 9.4.4: Explain how humans express and influence emotion
Topic: Emotion
Document Information
Connected Book
Mastering the World of Psychology 6th Edition Exam Pack
By Samuel E. Wood