Global Economic Justice Full Test Bank Ch13

Chapter 13: Global Economic Justice

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 01

1) Garrett Hardin, in his article “Lifeboat Ethics,” argues that

a. rich nations have an obligation to help poor ones whose population can be controlled.

b. poor nations have a right to the help of rich nations.

c. rich nations ought to help only other rich nations

*d. rich nations have an obligation not to help poor nations whose population cannot be controlled.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 02

2) One of the main factors that Hardin links to world hunger and poverty is*a. reproduction rates

b. exploitation of other people.

c. people having too many rights.

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 03

3) According to Hardin, the fundamental error of “sharing ethics” is thata. it is anti-Christian.

b. it would require a stronger system of taxation for the affluent.

*c. it would lead to a “tragedy of the commons.”

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 04

4) According to Hardin, the “ratchet effect” refers to the fact thata. overpopulation does not affect the number of people who are poor.

b. overpopulation leads to creation of food banks that help curb poverty rates.

c. world hunger and poverty leads to recognition of rights not to be hungry.

*d. the use of a world food bank to feed the hungry leads to an escalating series of emergency situations.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 05

5) On the proposal that we need to establish world food banks to help those who are in need, Hardin would say thata. if the proposal were to be realized, the operation must be conducted consistently.

b. only the richer countries have some moral obligation to make deposits in the world food banks.

*c. it would be subject to the tragedy of the commons.

d. we need to go with the idea because we ought not to punish poor people who are caught in an emergency

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 06

6) Hardin’s approach to the moral issues of hunger and poverty is essentially*a. a consequentialist approach.

b. a virtue ethics approach.

c. an ethics of prime facie duty approach.

d. a Christian/Marxist approach.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 07

7) According to Singer, thinking ethically is all abouta. thinking about what is in one’s own self-interest.

*b. putting yourself in the place of others.

c. considering how to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others.

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 08

8) Singer presents his three-premise argument in addition to appealing to the case of the drowning child becausea. he believes that abstract arguments are more likely to convince one to act.

b. he argues that our emotional reactions have no bearing on which moral claims are true.

c. he believes arguments are a more efficient way to appeal to one’s emotions.

*d. he wants to appeal to the reader’s reason and not just pull at the reader’s heartstrings.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 09

9) How does Singer respond to the objection that people have a right to spend the money they earn on themselves?*a. He says that having a right to do something doesn’t settle the question on what you should do.

b. He says that knowing you should do something entails that you have a right to do it.

c. He denies that people have a right to spend the money they earn on themselves.

d. He argues that people also have a right to spend the money they earn on others.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 10

10) According to Singer, international corporations that deal with corrupt dictators are akin toa. murderers of those who witness crimes.

b. prostitutes who knowingly spread disease.

*c. people who knowingly buy stolen goods.

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 11

11) Singer argues that developing nations are harming poor nations by*a. causing global warming.

b. handing out too much foreign aid, which increases need.

c. ignoring important aspects of their culture.

d. ignoring important aspects of their culture.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 12

12) The second premise in Singer’s main argument is: “If it is in your power to prevent something bad from happening, without sacrificing anything nearly as important, it is wrong not to do so.” Which phrase in this premise is deliberately left vague?a. “something bad”

b. “it is wrong”

*c. “nearly as important”

d. “in your power”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 13

13) What is the main reason why Arthur doesn’t think that the poor have a right to aid from the affluent?a. Persons can never have a right to aid from anyone.

b. The right to aid is a negative right.

c. The consequences of helping the poor would be worse than the consequences of not helping them

*d. This kind of right would require a contract or agreement, and the affluent haven’t entered into a contract or agreement with the poor.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 14

14) With respect to the issue of world hunger and poverty, Arthur points out that Singer ignoresa. the principles of equality and harm.

b. the principles of the right and the good.

*c. the principles of rights and desert.

d. the principles of ability to help and desires.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 15

15) The principle Arthur calls “the greater moral evil rule” says that*a. people are entitled to keep their earnings only if there is no way for them to prevent a greater evil by giving them away.

b. being rich is a great moral evil, and as such we should all strive to live on a moderate income.

c. two moral evils do not make a moral good.

d. morality itself is a great evil.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 16

16) According to Arthur, if someone is likely to die unless you give him or her one of your healthy kidneys, you are not obligated to give up a kidney becausea. the sick person does not deserve this kind of generosity.

*b. you have a right to your body.

c. both A and B

d. neither A nor B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 17

17) Which of the following is an example of a “right of noninterference” according to Arthur?a. the right to privacy

b. the right to life

c. the right to exercise religious freedom

*d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 18

18) Which of the following is a value that Arthur believes is more fundamental than rights and desert?a. justice

b. fairness

c. respect for other persons

*d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 19

19) The annual death-toll from poverty related causes is, according to Pogge,*a. around one quarter of all human deaths.

b. around one third of all human deaths.

c. around one half of all human deaths.

d. none of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 20

20) Pogge argues that even though we cannot be held responsible for the wrongful acts that others did long ago, we can be held responsible fora. claiming the benefits gained by those wrongs.

*b. failing to address those wrongs as if they were our own.

c. whether or not we respect other persons

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 21

21) On Pogge’s view, affluent citizens are harming the poor bya. imposing on them the lasting effects of historical crimes.

b. keeping them below welfare in the state-of-nature.

*c. both A and B

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 22

22) Since we who live in wealthy countries have directly caused harm, Pogge argues that we have very stringenta. libertarian duties towards the global poor

b. positive duties towards the global poor

*c. negative duties towards the global poor

d. egalitarian duties towards the global poor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 23

23) One kind of externality imposed on the world’s poor by the economic activity of wealthy nation isa. unequal social order.

b. authoritarian regimes.

c. Crime.

*d. pollution.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 24

24) Pogge argues that sometimes a harm can follow from the imposition of what, rather than the other way around?*a. injustice

b. pain

c. vice

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 25

25) Ashford’s article is meant to address a particular paralysis in the face of

*a. the sheer scope of global poverty

b. having to choose between addressing immediate harm and addressing structural injustice.

c. reconciling conflict moral theories

d. having to give up so much of our own wealth in light of Singer’s arguments

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 26

26) In support of her thesis that global social institutions violate the rights of the world’s poor, Ashford argues thata. illicit cash flow to tax havens from rich countries exceeds aid to the world’s poor.

b. the implementation of neoliberal economic policies have had at mixed and at worse adverse impacts of the economic and social rights of the world’s poor.

c. that wealthy nations press their political and economic advantages to secure unfair trade agreements with poor countries.

*d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 27

27) Ashford defines a structural human rights violation as

a. violations of human rights that pertain to the structure of a person’s practical, social, and political agency.

*b. ongoing patterns of behavior by a large number of agents which predictably result in many others coming to be deprived of the object of a fundamental human right: the means of subsistence

c. the violation of fundamental human rights brought about the political structures of a particular government.

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 28

28) Ashford argues that worries about causing dependency on aid agencies among those in extreme poverty does not mean that we shoulda. abandon the world’s poor to their unjust predicament

b. legally abolish aid agencies.

*c. adopt a social contract approach to the problem of global economic justice

d. accept the view that we have no negative duties to the poor.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 29

29) Ashford thinks that the right test of whether or not legal and economic structures are minimally just is to see whether or nota. they help develop human capabilities.

b. they minimize the amount of suffering in the world.

*c. they recognize, enforce, and implement duties not to violate human rights.

d. they are universalizable.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 30

30) By recognizing that we have backup duties to donate to aid agencies, Ashford argues that we can*a. acknowledge the force of the criticism that effective altruism is at best a band-aid approach while diffusing this same criticism.

b. acknowledge that effective altruism fails to be the right response to global poverty.

c. feel relieved about our duties to the global poor, since backup duties are not morally urgent

d. None of the above.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 01

1) The question of scope, as it pertains to the duty of charity, is “To whom is the duty owed?”*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 02

2) The question of content, as it pertains to the duty of charity, is “How strong is one’s obligation to help those in need when doing so conflicts with other reasons for action?”a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 03

3) According to a purely consequentialist theory, thinking about world hunger and poverty requires that we consider various competing prima facie duties*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 04

4) An international food bank, according to Hardin, is really just a one-way transfer device for moving wealth from rich countries to poor*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 05

5) Hardin argues that Christian-Marxist idealism is unacceptable because it advocates selfishnessa. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 06

6) Hardin’s primary complaint about “the sharing ethics” is that it is unfair.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 07

7) The “population escalator” that Hardin discusses involves a process that will not end until a catastrophe occurs.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 08

8) Singer argues that the desires of others count more than our own.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 09

9) In addition to sometimes not helping the poor, Singer argues that there are many ways in which the rich are harming (i.e., causing harm to) the poor.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 10

10) Singer claims that developing nations with rich deposits are always better off than otherwise comparable nations without those resources.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 11

11) Singer agrees that we should not be giving money or food directly to the poor except in emergencies like drought, earthquake, or flood.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 12

12) Arthur denies that our moral code gives any weight to the greater moral evil principle.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 13

13) Entitlements, according to Arthur, are forward-looking; they depend on future consequences.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 14

14) It is rational to support a moral code, says Arthur, only if that code is able to gain the support of almost everyone.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 15

15) According to Arthur, a moral code must take into account the fact that we are often mistaken about the consequences of what we do.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 16

16) Pogge argues that we do not have a duty to change the global economic order in light of world povertya. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 17

17) According to Pogge, rich countries pay nothing for the externalities they impose on poor countries by polluting and depleting resources.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 18

18) On Ashford’s view, our duty to donate to aid agencies arises from the failure of a more basic duty to change the structures that underlie poverty.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 19

19) Ashford argues that extreme poverty is a structural human rights violation. *a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 20

20) On Ashford’s view, backup duties are generally not morally urgent.a. True

*b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 01

1) According to the World Bank, 1.4 billion of the world’s population lives in extreme _________, which it defines as not having enough income to meet one’s most basic needs.a. poverty

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 02

2) One of the central questions of chapter 13 is whether economically advantaged people are morally required to participate in a scheme of _________ so that some of their wealth goes to people who are severely economically disadvantaged.a. redistribution

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 03

3) The duty of _________ (or charity) is, roughly, the duty to help those in dire need.a. beneficence

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 04

4) Hardin says, “The fundamental error of the _________ ethics is that it leads to the tragedy of the commons.”a. sharing

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 05

5) According to Hardin, in thinking about hunger and poverty as moral issues, it is useful to think of them in terms of the metaphor of the _________.a. lifeboat

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 06

6) What Hardin calls “the _________ effect” is the effect that world food banks would have on poor nations, whose populations would increase along with their need for assistance.a. ratchet

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 07

7) A social system is stable, according to Hardin, only if it is insensitive to _________.a. errors

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 08

8) Singer quotes Paul Gomberg as saying that philanthropy promotes “political _________” because it deflects attention away from the institutional causes of poverty.a. quietism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 09

9) Singer states, “The fact that we tend to favor our families, communities, and countries may explain our failure to save the lives of the poor beyond those boundaries, but it does not justify that failure from a(n) _________ perspective.”a. ethical

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 10

10) Singer gives a rough characterization of the view known as “_________” by describing it as the philosophy that says “You leave me alone, and I’ll leave you alone, and we’ll get along just fine.”a. libertarianism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 11

11) Singer describes moral _________ as the view we should accept that everyone is entitled to follow his or her own (moral) beliefs.a. relativism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 12

12) According to Arthur, equality demands equal consideration of _________ as well as respect for certain rights.a. interests

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 13

13) Arthur says that negative, unlike positive, rights are _________; which ones you have depends on what you are.a. natural

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 14

14) Positive rights, says Arthur, are rights of _________. For example, if I agree to share in a business venture with you and then back out of the deal, I’ve violated your right to my cooperationa. recipience

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 15

15) Ignoring past guilt, according to Arthur, shows a lack of regard for _________.a. justice

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 16

16) Pogge argues that the affluent lifestyles of those living in rich countries _________ harms the global poor.a. directly

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 17

17) On Pogge’s view, many citizens of wealthy countries bear the _________ for the current global institutional arrangements.a. responsibility

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 18

18) The fact that poor nations are typically governed poorly is evidence against, not for, _________ nationalism.a. explanatory

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 19

19) Ashford thinks that some positive duties, like the duty to provide means of subsistence, are also duties of justice, owed to each person in virtue of his or her _________.a. humanity

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 13 - Question 20

20) Even though Ashford thinks that it is extremely morally preferable to address the structural issues that give rise to poverty, this does not mean we should forgo giving to aid agencies, as they are typically the only actors who can prevent existing threat’s to peoples basic _________.a. interests