Ch.14 The Ethical Treatment Of Animals Test Bank Answers 5e

Chapter 14: The Ethical Treatment of Animals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 01

1) Mary’s laptop deserves moral consideration only because she owns it and cares about it. Thus, Mary’s laptop hasa. direct moral standing.

*b. indirect moral standing.

c. relative moral standing.

d. inherent or intrinsic worth.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 02

2) Mary is a person, and as such she plausibly deserves moral consideration because of features inherent to her (e.g., being self-aware). This suggests that she has*a. direct moral standing.

b. indirect moral standing.

c. relative moral standing.

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 03

3) If animals have no direct or indirect moral standing, then using them for human purposes isa. always wrong.

b. always obligatory.

*c. never wrong.

d. never optional

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 04

4) Utilitarian arguments depend heavily on factual claims abouta. what a virtuous person ought to do in a particular situation.

b. what God has commanded or would prefer.

c. what duties one has inherited through implicit social contracts.

*d. the overall comparative effects of contemplated courses of action

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 05

5) According to Singer, which of the following is the single relevant factor in determining whether something has moral status?a. dignity

b. belonging to a moral community

*c. sentience

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 06

6) According to Singer, the principle of equality requiresa. identical treatment.

*b. differential treatment.

c. equal consideration

d. differential consideration.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 07

7) In Singer’s understanding, the principle of the equality of human beings isa. a description of an alleged actual equality among humans.

b. a description of an alleged actual inequality among humans.

c. a prescription of how we should treat nonhuman animals.

*d. a prescription of how we should treat humans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 08

8) According to Singer, which of the following historical defenders of the principle of equal consideration of interests was one of the few to recognize that the principle applies to members of other species as well as to our own?a. Immanuel Kant

b. Aristotle

*c. Jeremy Bentham

d. John Stuart Mill

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 09

9) What, according to Singer, is the only defensible boundary of concern for the interests of others?a. intelligence

b. rationality

*c. sentience

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 10

10) In Singer’s view, the question of when it’s wrong to painlessly kill an animal is onea. to which we need to give a precise answer.

*b. to which we need give no precise answer.

c. that cannot be answered, vaguely or precisely.

d. that is ethically unimportant

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 11

11) According to Singer, the conclusions argued for in “all animals are equal” flow from which of the following principles alone?a. the principle of maximizing happiness

b. the principal principle

c. the principle of double effect

*d. the principle of minimizing suffering

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 12

12) Which of the following best characterizes Cohen’s view about animal rights?a. Animals do not have rights, and as such we do not have any obligations toward them.

b. Animals do have rights; nonetheless, we do not have any obligations toward them.

*c. Animals do not have rights, but they still deserve some moral consideration

d. Animals do have rights, and we have an obligation not to cause them suffering.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 13

13) Which of the following is a possible source of obligations, according to Cohen?a. rights

b. freely made commitments

c. special relations

*d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 14

14) Why can’t animals be bearers of rights according to Cohen?*a. because rights are essentially human

b. because animals lack any kind of rationality

c. because animals are not as powerful as humans

d. none of the above; Cohen holds that animals can have rights

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 15

15) According to Cohen, animals are

a. moral agents.

*b. amoral.

c. abstract reasoners

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 16

16) According to Cohen, if I promise to give you a dollar, thena. you have a right to my dollar.

b. I am obligated to give you my dollar.

*c. both A and B

d. neither A nor B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 17

17) Carruthers approaches questions about the moral standing of nonhuman animals from the perspective of which of the following moral theories?a. consequentialism

b. Kantianism

c. virtue ethics

*d. contractualism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 18

18) Carruthers argues that, on contractualist grounds, nonhuman animals may be accorded which of the following kinds of moral standing?a. direct

*b. indirect

c. Quasi-

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 19

19) Which of the following capacities does Carruther’s assume that animals lack?a. the capacity for suffering

b. the capacity for practical reasoning

*c. the capacity for rational agency

d. the capacity for conscious experience

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 20

20) According to Carruthers, which of the following groups should not be accorded direct moral standing?a. human infants

b. the senile

c. the mentally disabled

*d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 21

21) According to Carruthers, our duties to animals are

a. direct and basic.

*b. indirect and derivative.

c. nonexistent

d. nonexistent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 22

22) In Carruther’s view, the justification for moral criticism for things that we do (or don’t to do) to an animal derives froma. the animal’s direct moral standing.

b. the animals capacity for suffering.

*c. the bad qualities of character that our actions evince.

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 23

23) According to Carruthers, whenever someone is required to act in a certain way toward an animal for the sake of the animal, what explains that fact are facts abouta. the animal.

*b. the wider effects on human beings

c. both A and B

d. neither A nor B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 24

24) Which of the following potentially morally relevant differences between Fred’s behavior and the behavior of the consumers of factory-raised meat does Norcross not discuss?a. Fred’s behavior involves the suffering of puppies, whereas the behavior of meat-eaters “merely” involves the suffering of chickens, pigs, cows, calves, sheep, and the like.

b. The suffering of the puppies is necessary for gustatory pleasure, whereas the suffering of animals on factory farms is simply a by-product of the conditions dictated by economic considerations

c. Fred could prevent the suffering of the puppies, whereas meat-eaters can’t prevent the suffering of the animals they consume

*d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 25

25) For the purposes of Norcross’s discussion, to claim that humans have a superior ethical status to animals is to claim thata. it is morally wrong to give the interests of humans greater weight than those of animals in deciding how to behave

*b. it is morally right to give the interests of humans greater weight than those of animals in deciding how to behave.

c. both A and B

d. neither A nor B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 26

26) According to Norcross, which of the following arguments poses a formidable challenge to any proposed criterion of full moral standing that excludes animals?a. the ontological argument

b. the argument from cosmology

*c. the argument from marginal cases

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 27

27) According to Norcross, any attempt to justify the claim that humans have a higher moral status than other animals by appealing to some version of rationality as the morally relevant difference between humans and animals willa. fail to give an adequate answer to the argument from marginal cases.

b. fail to make the case that such a difference is morally relevant to the status of animals as moral patients as opposed to their status as moral agents.

*c. both A and B

d. neither A nor B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 28

28) According to some defenders of meat-eating, the suffering of animals counts less than the suffering of humans (if at all) becausea. animals are rational and humans are not.

*b. humans are rational and animals are not.

c. animals lack the capacity for suffering, and humans do not.

d. animals can tolerate more suffering than humans can.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 29

29) Norcross claims that if morality demands that we not torture puppies merely to enhance our own eating pleasure, morality also demands thata. we try to reduce our carbon footprint.

b. we donate money to Oxfam.

*c. we not support factory farming.

d. we follow the Golden Rule.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 30

30) Norcross agrees that if a being is incapable of moral reasoning, at even the most basic level, then it cannot bea. a moral patient.

*b. a moral agent.

c. an object of moral sympathy

d. a being of value.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 01

1) Necessarily, if it is wrong to be cruel to animals, then animals have direct moral standinga. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 02

2) Because animals cannot be virtuous, a virtue ethics approach cannot be applied within the context of the ethics of eating animalsa. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 03

3) Singer believes that eating animals is morally defensible, because doing so is necessary to satisfy our nutritional needs.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 04

4) Most philosophers who have proposed the principle of equality have recognized that this principle applies to members of other species as well as to our own.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 05

5) According to the principle of equal consideration of interests, identical interests must be given equal moral weight only insofar as they occur in human beingsa. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 06

6) According to Singer, equal treatment entails identical treatmenta. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 07

7) Singer believes that the case for equality between men and women cannot validly be extended to nonhuman animalsa. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 08

8) According to Singer, we ought not to base our opposition to racism and sexism on actual equality among human beings.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 09

9) Cohen argues that animals have weaker rights than those of humans.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 10

10) Cohen accepts that humans do have some moral obligations to animalsa. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 11

11) Cohen accepts that some of the “higher” nonhuman animals like dolphins and chimpanzees might have rights.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 12

12) According to Cohen, there is a sense in which animals have inherent value*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 13

13) Carruthers argues that all human beings have (direct) moral standing, irrespective of their status as rational agents.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 14

14) According to Carruthers, contractualism can’t consistently deny moral standing to animals without also withholding it from infants and mentally “defective” humans.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 15

15) Contractualism assumes that contracting parties should come to the contract situation with plenty of moral beliefs, all of which will be relevant to the contract process.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 16

16) Carruthers argues that nonhuman animals have direct moral standinga. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 17

17) According to Norcross, there is no morally relevant difference between the clearly wrongful behavior of Fred and those who knowingly eat meat produced through factory farming.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 18

18) Norcross thinks that what grounds moral agency is different from what grounds moral standing as a patient.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 19

19) According to Norcross, most, if not all, nonhuman animals are moral agents.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 20

20) Norcross believes that the behavior of those who knowingly support factory farming is morally permissible.a. True

*b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 01

1) Roughly, for something to have _________ moral standing is for it, independent of its relation to other things or creatures, to possess features in virtue of which it deserves to be given moral consideration.a. direct

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 02

2) The systematic discrimination against members of some species by the members of another species is known as _________.a. speciesism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 03

3) According to Singer, it is an implication of the _________ that our concern for others and our readiness to consider their interests shouldn’t depend on what they are like or on what abilities they may possess.a. principle of equality

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 04

4) Singer claims that most humans are _________.a. speciesists

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 05

5) Singer refers to the view that it’s always wrong to take an innocent human life as the _________ view.a. sanctity of life

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 06

6) Cohen says that “rights entail _________.” For example, if you have a right to the return of money that I borrowed, then I must return the money.a. obligations

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 07

7) Cohen discusses the view of Immanuel _________ that to be a moral agent is to be able to grasp the generality of moral restrictions on our will.a. Kant

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 08

8) Cohen discusses the view of Immanuel _________ that to be a moral agent is to be able to grasp the generality of moral restrictions on our will.a. moral

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 09

9) A moral theory that identifies moral rules with those that no rational agent could reasonably reject is a version of _________.a. contractualism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 10

10) According to Carruthers, if a set of moral rules is to provide social stability and preserve the peace, that set of moral rules must be _________.a. psychologically supportable

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 11

11) Carruthers thinks that torturing a cat is wrong because of what it shows about the _________ of the actor.a. moral character

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 12

12) According to Carruthers, the most basic kind of wrongdoing toward animals is _________.a. cruelty

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 13

13) Carruthers argues that animals have _________ moral standing as opposed to direct moral standing.a. indirect

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 14

14) Carruthers tentatively suggests that our Western moral attitudes toward animals form part of the _________ content of our morality.a. conventional

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 15

15) Defenders of meat-eating sometimes argue that there is some property (e.g., rationality) in virtue of which human beings have a higher moral status than do nonhuman animals and that this justifies meat-eating. An important challenge to this kind of argument—discussed at length by Norcross—is the challenge of _________.a. marginal cases

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 16

16) According to Norcross, those who attempt to justify their meat-eating by appeal to a claim of causal impotence are guilty of _________.a. wishful thinking

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 17

17) The distinction between what is intended, either as a means or as an end in itself, and what is merely foreseen is central to the _________a. Doctrine of Double Effect

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 18

18) In the course of uncovering what he takes to be the speciesist’s central confusion, Norcross questions the moral relevance of _________.a. rationality

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 19

19) According to Norcross, the fact that animals can’t be moral agents doesn’t seem to be relevant to their status as moral _________.a. patients

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 14 - Question 20

20) The traditional view is that _________ is what morally separates humans from other animalsa. rationality