Chapter 13: Juvenile Correctional Systems

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ civil law made distinctions between juveniles and adults based on the notion of age of responsibility.

a. Roman

b. Greek

c. Egyptian

d. English

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Juvenile Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The direct translation of parens patriae is ______.

a. “in the place of parents”

b. “parent of the country”

c. “parental waiver”

d. “parental obligation”

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The first institution for the treatment of juvenile offenders was ______.

a. the New York House of Refuge

b. the Chicago Reform School

c. the Boston Reform School

d. the Hospital of St. Michael

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What type of courts were created to petition for special aid or intervention while granting relief to such person?

a. chancery courts

b. reform school courts

c. people’s courts

d. teen courts

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Which state established the first juvenile court?

a. New York

b. Georgia

c. Pennsylvania

d. Illinois

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evolution of Juvenile Corrections in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. By incorporating ______, the juvenile court was to act in the best interests of children through the use of noncriminal proceedings.

a. parens patriae

b. parent’s accountability

c. age of responsibility

d. houses of refuge

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which Supreme Court decision stated that because juvenile courts are not criminal courts, the constitutional rights guaranteed to accused adults do not apply to juveniles?

a. In re Holmes

b. Kent v. United States

c. In re Gault

d. In re Winsip

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which Supreme Court case ruled that waiver of juvenile to adult courts, without due process, meant that juveniles might be receiving the worst of both worlds--less legal protection than adults and less treatment and rehabilitation than that promised by the juvenile courts?

a. In re Gault (1967)

b. Roper v. Simmons (2005)

c. In re Holmes (1955)

d. Kent v. United States (1966)

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which Supreme Court case ruled that trying a juvenile who had previously been adjudicated delinquent in juvenile court for the same crime as an adult in criminal court violates the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment when the adjudication involves violation of a criminal statue?

a. Breed v. Jones (1975)

b. Roper v. Simmons (2005)

c. Kent v. United States (1966)

d. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which Supreme Court case ruled that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not require jury trials in juvenile court?

a. Kent v. United States (1966)

b. In re Gault (1967)

c. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

d. Breed v. Jones (1975)

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Female juvenile offenders are more commonly placed in ______ compared to other types of programs.

a. therapeutic foster homes

b. residential treatment programs

c. detention facilities

d. day treatment centers

Learning Objective: 13.5: Summarize the unique characteristics and challenges of female juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Juveniles in Custody

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which Supreme Court ruling held that sentences of life without parole for juveniles convicted of nonhomicide offenses are unconstitutional?

a. Breed v. Jones (1975)

b. Graham v. Florida (2010)

c. Roper v. Simmons (2005)

d. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. This instrument has emerged as particularly useful for classifying juvenile offenders.

a. LSI-R

b. YLS/CMI

c. DSM-V

d. LRI

Learning Objective: 13.7: Compare and contrast detention versus incarceration for juveniles, and discuss incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities. | 13.8 Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Screening and Classification of Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The primary purpose within the juvenile justice system is to ______.

a. protect society

b. restore the victim(s)

c. punish youth

d. treat and reform youth

Learning Objective: 13.7: Compare and contrast detention versus incarceration for juveniles, and discuss incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities. | 13.8 Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emphasis on Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Adolescents who engage in delinquent behavior and continue criminality throughout their adulthood are known as ______ offenders.

a. life-course-persistent

b. adolescent-limited

c. adolescent-only

d. perpetual

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The primary reason why youth join gangs is ______.

a. due to peer pressure to join

b. to protect themselves from victimization at the hands of other gang groups

c. the expectations from family members who have also joined

d. to have some sort of need met

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe the unique characteristics and challenges of having juvenile gang members in custody.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension

Answer Location: Reasons for Joining

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which racial/ethnic group is most largely overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?

a. African Americans

b. Caucasian Americans

c. Latino Americans

d. American Indians

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disparate Minority Confinement (DMC) and Factors Associated With DMC

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The behavior of parents may provide indicators of child maltreatment. Indicators of ______ may be parental behaviors such as jealousy and being overprotective of a child.

a. psychological abuse

b. sexual abuse

c. educational neglect

d. physical abuse

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. What is the major premise of the juvenile courts?

a. to act in the best interests of the community

b. to act in the best interests of the child(ren)

c. to act in the best interests of the victim(s)

d. to act in the best interests of the child(ren)’s parents

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. ______ occurs when a parent or caretaker of the child does not provide the proper or necessary support, education, medical, or other remedial care that is required by a given state’s law.

a. Physical abuse

b. Sexual abuse

c. Child neglect

d. Psychological abuse

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The primary source of socialization for youth is ______.

a. the youth’s family

b. the youth’s peer groups

c. television shows watched by the youth

d. the youth’s teachers

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lifestyle, Peer Groups, and Youth Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The case of ______ made it illegal to sentence youth to life without parole, there was still no guarantee that they would necessarily be given parole once eligible.

a. In re Gault

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. In re Holmes

d. Miller v. Alabama

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. ______ facilities around the nation have reported that onsite treatment services are provided to youth in their care.

a. 63%

b. 98%

c. 12%

d. 33%

Learning Objective: 13.8: Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emphasis on Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. In every state but ______, the custody rate for African American juvenile offenders exceeded the rate for Caucasian youth.

a. Iowa

b. West Virginia

c. Vermont

d. Idaho

Learning Objective: 13.8: Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Status of Disparity in Juvenile Detention and Incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. What does in loco parentis refer to?

a. “in the place of parents”

b. “parent of the country”

c. “parental waiver”

d. “parental obligation”

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Which case ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional when used with persons who were under 18 years of age at the time of their offense?

a. In re Gault

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. In re Holmes

d. Miller v. Alabama

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. ______ abuse is also sometimes referred to as emotional abuse and includes actions or the omission of actions by parents and other caregivers that could cause a child to have serious behavioral, emotional, or mental impairments.

a. Psychological

b. Sexual

c. Physical

d. Neglect

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The ______ states that delinquent youth can be kept in a jail or another type of adult facility when other options are not available.

a. Uniform Crime Report

b. Uniform Juvenile Court Act

c. Delinquent Prevention Law

d. Juvenile Prevention Act

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Process Involved With Juveniles in Custody

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Mental health services in the form of evaluation, ongoing therapy, or counseling are nearly universally available in juvenile facilities, with ______ of youth in places that provide one or more of these services either inside or outside the facility.

a. 90%

b. 97%

c. 82%

d. 74%

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emphasis on Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. According to ______, youthful antisocial and risk-prone acts are personal statements of independence.

a. Jack Katz

b. Robert Merton

c. Terrie Moffitt

d. Edwin Sutherland

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. By incorporating parens patriae, the juvenile court was to act in the best interests of children through the use of ______ proceedings.

a. noncriminal

b. criminal

c. civil

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The Uniform Juvenile Court Act states that delinquent youth can be kept in a ______ or another type of adult facility when other options are not available.

a. jail

b. state prison

c. reform school

d. federal prison

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Process Involved With Juveniles in Custody

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. The YLS/CMI instrument has emerged as particularly useful for classifying ______ offenders.

a. sex offenders

b. juvenile

c. drug offenders

d. adult

Learning Objective: 13.7: Compare and contrast detention versus incarceration for juveniles, and discuss incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities. | 13.8 Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Screening and Classification of Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. In Miller v. Alabama, the court made it illegal to sentence youth to ______, there was still no guarantee that they would necessarily be given parole once eligible.

a. death

b. hard labor

c. life without parole

d. life

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. This form of abuse is also sometimes referred to as emotional abuse and includes actions or the omission of actions by parents and other caregivers that could cause a child to have serious behavioral, emotional, or mental impairments.

a. psychological

b. sexual

c. physical

d. neglect

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. The primary purpose within the ______ justice system is to treat and reform the individual.

a. military

b. adult

c. juvenile

d. civil

Learning Objective: 13.7: Compare and contrast detention versus incarceration for juveniles, and discuss incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities. | 13.8 Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emphasis on Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. In every state but Vermont, the custody rate for ______ juvenile offenders exceeded the rate for Caucasian youth.

a. African American

b. Hispanic

c. Asian

d. female

Learning Objective: 13.8: Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Status of Disparity in Juvenile Detention and Incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. In Breed v. Jones, the Supreme Court case ruled that trying a juvenile who had previously been adjudicated delinquent in juvenile court for the same crime as an adult in criminal court violates the double jeopardy clause of the ______ Amendment when the adjudication involves violation of a criminal statue.

a. First

b. Fifth

c. Fourth

d. Ninth

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. In Graham v. Florida, the Supreme Court ruling held that sentences of life without parole for juveniles convicted of ______ offenses are unconstitutional.

a. sexual

b. nonhomicide

c. homicide

d. robbery

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. The state of Illinois established the first ______ court.

a. drug

b. domestic violence

c. adult

d. juvenile

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evolution of Juvenile Corrections in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The juvenile system is unique from adult corrections.

Learning Objective: 13.7: Compare and contrast detention versus incarceration for juveniles, and discuss incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Juveniles in juvenile courts have a lower standard of proof for conviction than adults in criminal courts.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Most child sexual abuse is detected because it is witnessed by a trusting adult.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The Uniform Juvenile Court Act states that delinquent youth can be kept in a jail or another type of adult facility when other options are not available.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Process Involved With Juveniles in Custody

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The majority of youth engage in minor forms of delinquency during their adolescence.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Commonality of Juveniles as Victims of Prior Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The behavior of parents may provide indicators of child maltreatment. Indicators of physical abuse may be parental behaviors such as jealousy and being overprotective of a child.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Forty-four percent facilities around the nation have reported that onsite treatment services are provided to youth in their care.

Learning Objective: 13.8: Discuss the various types of facilities and institutions used to house juvenile offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emphasis on Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. When working with juveniles in the correctional setting, gang membership will be encountered on a fairly rare basis.

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe the unique characteristics and challenges of having juvenile gang members in custody.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Gang Members

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Detention facilities are separate from adult prisons.

Learning Objective: 13.7: Compare and contrast detention versus incarceration for juveniles, and discuss incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Detention Versus Incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The use of juvenile waiver processes has increased since the 1990s.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Waiver for Serious Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Youth who are transferred to adult court may be kept in prisons.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Secure Correctional Facilities and Youth

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Greek civil law made distinctions between juveniles and adults based on the notion of age of responsibility.

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of Juvenile Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The direct translation of parens patriae is “in the place of parents.”

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The first institution for the treatment of juvenile offenders was Attica State Prison.

Learning Objective: 13.1: Discuss the history and development of juvenile corrections.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Vermont established the first juvenile court in 1903.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evolution of Juvenile Corrections in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. According to Edwin Sutherland, youthful antisocial and risk-prone acts are personal statements of independence.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Asian Americans are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Status of Disparity in Juvenile Detention and Incarceration

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. In the case of In re Gault, the death penalty was found unconstitutional when used with persons who were under 18 years of age at the time of their offense.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Adolescents who engage in delinquent behavior and continue criminality throughout their adulthood are known as life-course-persistent offenders.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. In the Kent v. United States Supreme Court decision, the courts stated because juvenile courts are not criminal courts, the constitutional rights guaranteed to accused adults do not apply to juveniles.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Chancery courts are created to consider petitions for special aid or intervention and to grant relief to such persons.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English Origins

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. In the case of Breed v. Jones (1975), the Court decided that trying a juvenile who had previously been adjudicated delinquent in juvenile court for the same crime as an adult in criminal court violates the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment when the adjudication involves violation of a criminal statute.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. In the case of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the court held that the due process clause of the Ninth Amendment did not require jury trials in juvenile court.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. In many cases, juvenile youth are victims of various forms of neglect or abuse.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Child neglect occurs when a parent or caretaker of a child does not provide the proper or necessary support, education, medical care, or other remedial care required by a given state’s law, including food, shelter, and clothing.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Explain the difference between child neglect and abuse.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Define, compare, and contrast adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent juvenile delinquents.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adolescent-Limited Versus Life-Course-Persistent Juvenile Offenders: The Theoretical Work of Terrie Moffitt

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What is the purpose of the current Juvenile Act in Japan? How does the act impact jurisdiction over juveniles?

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Overview of Family Court Jurisdiction in Juvenile Cases in Japan

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Discuss the legal principle parens patriae. How does the concept influence the juvenile justice system?

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss how the In re Gault decision affected the modern juvenile justice system.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Describe how the Graham v. Florida case and the Miller v. Alabama case are related.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Discuss the differences between adolescent limited offenders and life-course-persistent juvenile offenders.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Describe several obstacles for dealing with juvenile gang offenders.

Learning Objective: 13.6: Describe the unique characteristics and challenges of having juvenile gang members in custody.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Juvenile Gang Members

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Define and distinguish between child abuse and child neglect. In addition, identify and define the various types of child abuse and neglect.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Evaluate the relationship between prior abuse and current offending patterns of juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Types of Child Abuse and Detection of Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discus racial/ethnic disparity in juvenile detention and incarceration. What are possible reasons for this disparity?

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Disparate Minority Confinement (DMC) and Factors Associated With DMC

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Describe how the State of Texas is treating juvenile offenders with mental health issues.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how juveniles are screened and classified as offenders.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adolescents With Mental Health Needs

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What impact did the Roper v. Simmons ruling have on juvenile delinquents?

Learning Objective: 13.2: Explain the legal precepts of the juvenile justice system and legal rights for juveniles.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Juvenile Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium