Exam Questions Pregnancy And Childbirth Ch6

Chapter 6: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 01

1. Prior to fertilization, approximately how many sperm will reach the egg?

a) 200 to 300

b) 2,000 to 3,000

c) 20,000 to 30,000

d) 2,000,000 to 3,000,000

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 02

2. What physiological structure provides nourishment, transfers oxygen, and produces hormones that help a fetus thrive during pregnancy?

a) the placenta

b) the umbilical cord

c) the amniotic sac

d) the uterine walls

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 03

3. Which of the following must occur first for fertilization to happen?

a) ovulation

b) sperm entering the vagina

c) sperm entering the correct fallopian tube

d) at least 200 to 300 sperm surviving the trip up the fallopian tube

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 04

4. Where in a woman's body does fertilization of an egg take place?

a) the fallopian tubes

b) the uterus

c) the ovaries

d) the vagina

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 05

5. What is the best-known sign of pregnancy?

a) a rise in basal body temperature

b) the cessation of menstruation

c) the detection of HCG

d) breast tenderness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 06

6. Maria is pregnant. The first day of her last menstrual period was 15 of March. Using Nägele's rule, what is the expected delivery date of Maria's baby?

a) 12 December

b) 18 December

c) 22 December

d) 26 December

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 07

7. A doctor notices that the area between Pam's uterus and cervix is soft. What does this most likely indicate?

a) Pam is pregnant.

b) Pam is ovulating.

c) Pam is menstruating.

d) Pam is infertile.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 08

8. Zhang is pregnant with one baby, and her last menstrual period was 265 days ago. Based on a normal gestation period, when should she deliver her baby?

a) in 10 days

b) in 15 days

c) in 20 days

d) in 25 days

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 09

9. An ultrasound reveals for the first time a faint, tiny umbilical cord in Anja's unborn baby. Anja is likely in which month of her pregnancy?

a) first

b) second

c) third

d) fourth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 10

10. Ann is a primiparous woman who has just felt her fetus move for the first time. Ann is likely how far into her pregnancy?

a) 13 weeks

b) 16 weeks

c) 19 weeks

d) 22 weeks

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 11

11. Which of the following is a reason for a woman to abstain from intercourse during pregnancy?

a) It is very early in her pregnancy and intercourse can cause miscarriage.

b) It is late in her pregnancy and semen can rupture the amniotic sac.

c) She is midway through her pregnancy and an orgasm can cause preterm labour.

d) The amniotic sac has ruptured at the start of labour and sexual activity can increase the risk of fetal infection.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 12

12. Which type of primary caregiver during birth is associated with the highest birth satisfaction rates in Canada?

a) an obstetrician

b) a family doctor

c) a nurse practitioner

d) a midwife

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 13

13. Hillary has been in labour for three hours. In which stage is she most likely?

a) stage 1

b) stage 2

c) stage 3

d) stage 4

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 14

14. During the first stage of childbirth, what is the purpose of contractions?

a) to dilate the cervix

b) to push the fetus from the birth canal out of the woman's body

c) to push the fetus from the uterus and into the birth canal

d) to break the amniotic sac, allowing the child to be born

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 15

15. Which of the following is true about episiotomies?

a) They have no effect on whether or not a woman will have tearing due to childbirth.

b) They greatly reduce the likelihood of infection due to tearing during childbirth.

c) They speed up the birth process, which is beneficial to the fetus.

d) They are more common in the United Kingdom than in North America.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 16

16. Claudette is in labour, and her doctor has determined that her baby is in the breech position. Which of the following is Claudette's doctor likely to perform?

a) vaginal delivery

b) vacuum extraction

c) C-section

d) episiotomy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 17

17. Approximately what percentage of obstetricians would choose a C-section for themselves or their partners?

a) 42 per cent

b) 28 per cent

c) 17 per cent

d) 8 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 18

18. What is the strongest predictor of paternal depression following the birth of a child?

a) having a partner with maternal depression

b) having a stressful work environment

c) having two or more children in the home

d) having a history of depression prior to the birth of the child

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 19

19. What does Health Canada recommend for the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding?

a) three months

b) six months

c) twelve months

d) two years

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 20

20. Which of the following can be caused by oxytocin?

a) postpartum depression

b) sexual arousal during breastfeeding

c) dyspareunia

d) amenorrhea

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 21

21. What is the most common reason for miscarriage?

a) a defect in the embryo or fetus

b) maternal substance use

c) too few pregnancy hormones

d) too many pregnancy hormones

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 22

22. Which of the following is responsible for 6 per cent of all pregnancy-related maternal deaths?

a) spontaneous abortions

b) ectopic pregnancies

c) Rh incompatibility

d) anoxia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 23

23. What hormone is released in a postpartum woman's body to stimulate the production of milk?

a) prolactin

b) oxytocin

c) estrogen

d) progesterone

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 24

24. Reduced sexual interest in lactating mothers may be related to changes in which of the following hormone(s)?

a) progesterone

b) estrogen

c) androgens

d) prolactin

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 25

25. Laurie and Hannah had their babies on the same day 12 weeks ago and have both decided to wait at least three years before having another child. Laurie is breastfeeding and Hannah is bottle feeding. Which is most likely to be true?

a) Laurie is more likely than Hannah to become pregnant soon because the hormones related to breastfeeding encourage ovulation.

b) Laurie is less likely than Hannah to become pregnant soon because breastfeeding releases hormones that discourage ovulation.

c) Laurie and Hannah are equally likely to become pregnant if neither uses birth control.

d) Hannah is less likely than Laurie to become pregnant soon because she has no sex drive; the sex drive is slow to return when you bottle-feed.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 26

26. Bethany had a miscarriage. What is the likelihood that she will experience depression or anxiety as a result?

a) 10 per cent

b) 25 per cent

c) 50 per cent

d) 75 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 27

27. Sandra had an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test done in the second trimester of her pregnancy, which revealed that her AFP levels were elevated. Which of the following can cause the appearance of elevated AFP levels?

a) fetal alcohol syndrome

b) neural tube defects

c) Down's syndrome

d) Tay-Sachs disease

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 28

28. Which of the following procedures puts the pregnancy at greatest risk for miscarriage?

a) chorionic villi sampling

b) amniocentesis

c) tests for alpha-fetoprotein

d) chorionic villi sampling and amniocentesis have a similar risk level

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 29

29. Dr. Klein is most likely to recommend an amniocentesis to which of the following patients?

a) Pauline, who is 28 years old and is having her first child

b) Kasia, who is 40 years old and is having her second child

c) Lisa, who is 36 years old and has a son with Down's syndrome

d) Samirah, who is 29 years old and is having her third child

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 30

30. Over the past 20 years, which of the following is attributed to a change in rates of low birth-weight babies?

a) an increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology that has resulted in more multiple births

b) an increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology that has resulted in fewer multiple births

c) improved prenatal care has caused a decrease in low birth weight babies by improving maternal health

d) improved prenatal care has caused an increase in low birth weight babies by increasing the odds that a child with a condition that may cause low birth weight will survive pregnancy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 31

31. Which of the following babies would be considered to be at greatest risk of health and developmental challenges?

a) a baby born at 30 weeks who is the normal weight for a baby at 30 weeks

b) a baby born at 31 weeks who weighs the normal weight for a baby born at 29 weeks

c) a baby born at 32 weeks who is the normal weight for a baby born at 33 weeks

d) a baby born at 40 weeks that weighs what is average for a baby born at 38 weeks

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 32

32. Which of the following most accurately reflects the trend in infertility cases?

a) Infertility resulting from men is more common than from women; in 60 per cent of cases it is the man who is infertile.

b) Infertility resulting from men and women is roughly equal, at 40 per cent each.

c) Infertility resulting from women is more common than from men; in 60 per cent of cases it is the woman who is infertile.

d) There are no obvious trends in the data.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 33

33. When is a male considered to have low sperm count?

a) when he is producing less than 10 million sperm per millilitre

b) when he is producing less than 20 million sperm per millilitre

c) when he is producing less than 40 million sperm per millilitre

d) when he is producing less than 80 million sperm per millilitre

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 34

34. What did a survey of psychological impacts of infertility on couples find?

a) normal marital satisfaction

b) normal sexual satisfaction

c) normal levels of conflict in the marriage

d) normal self-esteem levels

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 35

35. Which of the following is NOT prohibited under Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act?

a) buying and selling human embryos

b) research using embryos

c) human cloning

d) pre-selecting embryos based on sex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 36

36. Why is a clone not 100 per cent identical to its parent?

a) The clone receives some genetic material from the mitochondria of the original egg.

b) Genetic mutations are common during the cloning process.

c) The clone receives half of its DNA from each parent.

d) The clone is 100 per cent identical to its parent.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 37

37. Diego and Sofia are experiencing fertility issues. Which method of assisted reproductive technology is most likely to result in a successful pregnancy?

a) using thawed embryos from donor eggs

b) using thawed embryos from Sofia's eggs

c) using fresh embryos from Sofia's eggs

d) using fresh embryos from donor eggs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 38

38. Emilie and Philippe are at the fertility clinic and have chosen the method known as AID. Why might they have chosen this particular method?

a) Emilie has obstructed fallopian tubes.

b) Philippe has cystic fibrosis.

c) Emilie has Turner's syndrome.

d) Philippe's sperm count is normal, but they are having trouble conceiving a child.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 39

39. Sarah and Matthew have opted for artificial insemination in an attempt to conceive a child. They have chosen a method where the sperm will fertilize the egg naturally in Sarah's body. Which method did they choose?

a) intracervical insemination

b) intrauterine insemination

c) gamete intrafallopian transfer

d) zygote intrafallopian transfer

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 40

40. Jasmine is hoping to become pregnant. Assuming a 28-day cycle, on what day of her menstrual cycle is she most likely to ovulate?

a) day 10

b) day 14

c) day 18

d) day 22

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 41

41. How far can sperm swim in one hour?

a) 0.5 to 1 cm

b) 2 to 5 cm

c) 1 to 3 cm

d) 3 to 4 cm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 42

42. The zona pellucida is part of the __________.

a) egg

b) placenta

c) sperm

d) fallopian tube

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 43

43. For every 100 XX chromosome zygotes __________ XY zygotes are conceived.

a) 95

b) 101

c) 106

d) 110

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 44

44. Katie thinks she is pregnant because she hasn't had a period in eight weeks. However, when she takes a pregnancy test, it is negative. What is a likely reason for the negative result?

a) Stress can cause a "missed" period.

b) It's too early into the pregnancy for a test to be conclusive.

c) She is expecting a boy.

d) She is vegetarian.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 45

45. The corpus luteum secretes which hormone?

a) testosterone

b) progesterone

c) estrogen

d) oxytocin

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 46

46. How long after conception can a practitioner begin to feel a soft spot between the uterine body and the cervix (Hegar's sign)?

a) two weeks

b) one month

c) six weeks

d) two months

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 47

47. Jamie is at the doctor and about to hear her baby's heartbeat for the first time with a stethoscope. She has been at the doctor earlier in the pregnancy but it was too soon to hear the heartbeat. About how far along is Jamie most likely in her pregnancy?

a) one or two months

b) two or three months

c) three or four months

d) four or five months

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 48

48. Olivia is pregnant and wondering when her baby will develop facial features. Her doctor explains that facial features first appear in __________ of pregnancy.

a) the germinal stage

b) the first trimester

c) the second trimester

d) the third trimester

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 49

49. Ashley is 10 weeks pregnant and experiencing severe morning sickness. Her doctor reassures her that while it is unpleasant, it predicts that __________.

a) Ashley is less likely to miscarry

b) Ashley is having a girl

c) Ashley is having a boy

d) Ashley is not having twins

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 50

50. Shasta is pregnant, and her doctor notes that she is "primiparous," which means that __________.

a) Shasta is carrying only one baby

b) Shasta's placenta is blocking her cervix

c) Shasta's baby is in the breech position

d) Shasta is pregnant for the first time

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 51

51. Adrienne is pregnant for the first time and thinks she just felt her baby move for the first time. What week of pregnancy is Adrienne most likely in?

a) 13

b) 15

c) 17

d) 19

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 52

52. At the end of the __________ month of pregnancy the development of the brain and nervous system is complete.

a) fifth

b) sixth

c) seventh

d) eighth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 53

53. Daisha is a healthy full-term baby born just two hours ago. She most likely weighs about __________ grams.

a) 2200

b) 3400

c) 4600

d) 5800

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 54

54. Andie is overweight and pregnant. Her doctor hopes that she will __________.

a) not gain any weight with the pregnancy

b) gain less weight than would be ideal for a normal-weight woman

c) gain more weight than would be ideal for a normal-weight woman

d) gain the same amount of weight that would be ideal for a normal-weight woman

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 55

55. When during pregnancy is a woman most likely to be interested in engaging in sexual activity?

a) the first trimester

b) the second trimester

c) the first half of the third trimester

d) the second half of the third trimester

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 56

56. Which of the following effects of pregnancy can increase sensitivity in many erogenous zones?

a) vasocongestion

b) oxytocin

c) estrogen

d) edema

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 57

57. Midwives care for their patients during their pregnancy until __________.

a) they give birth

b) one week after they give birth

c) two weeks after they give birth

d) six weeks after they give birth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 58

58. What is a doula?

a) a labour coach

b) a birthing chair

c) a fertility charm

d) a surgical procedure

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 59

59. What is the term for the process in which a fetus positions the widest part of its head against the mother's pelvic bones?

a) effacement

b) engagement

c) spinal block

d) episiotomy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 60

60. Megan is just beginning stage 1 of labour. The contractions she is experiencing are __________.

a) helping to dilate the cervix

b) moving the baby past her cervix

c) helping to dislodge the placenta from the uterine wall

d) Braxton-Hicks contractions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 61

61. If a primiparous woman is in labour, about how long will stage 1 last?

a) 2 hours

b) 4 hours

c) 6 hours

d) 8 hours

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 62

62. A woman's "water breaking" is most closely associated with which of the following?

a) the mucous plug

b) the amniotic sac

c) engagement

d) C-section

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 63

63. During the early phase of stage 1 of labour the cervix dilates to __________.

a) 1 cm

b) 4 cm

c) 8 cm

d) 10 cm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 64

64. Isla is in the active phase of stage 1 of labour. During this phase her cervix is in the process of dilating __________.

a) from 1 to 4 cm

b) from 4 to 8 cm

c) from 10 to 12 cm

d) from 8 to 10 cm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 65

65. During the transition phase of stage 1 of labour, the cervix dilates to __________ cm.

a) 2

b) 4

c) 8

d) 10

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 66

66. The __________ phase of stage 1 of labour is often the shortest and most difficult.

a) early

b) active

c) transition

d) engagement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 67

67. Abbie is in the shortest phase of stage 1 labour. Her doctor refers to this phase as __________.

a) the early phase

b) the active phase

c) transition

d) engagement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 68

68. When does stage 2 of labour begin?

a) when engagement occurs

b) after the placenta is delivered

c) after the baby is delivered

d) after the cervix is fully dilated

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 69

69. When during labour does the baby's head begin to move into the vagina?

a) during engagement

b) during the active phase

c) during transition

d) during stage 2

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 70

70. A primiparous mother can expect to spend about __________ in stage 2 of labour.

a) 20 minutes

b) 60 minutes

c) 80 minutes

d) 100 minutes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 71

71. Which of the following procedures is no longer endorsed for routine deliveries?

a) episiotomy

b) bearing down

c) anaesthesia

d) doulas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 72

72. Which of the following tends to slow down the progress of labour?

a) having taken birthing classes

b) analgesics

c) doulas

d) midwife assistance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 73

73. If the baby and mother are well, what is the first thing that should occur after delivery?

a) skin-to-skin contact

b) naming the baby

c) bathing the baby in a warm tub

d) removal of the umbilical stump

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 74

74. Which of the following is the LEAST common in new mothers?

a) no postpartum psychological effects

b) postpartum blues

c) postpartum depression

d) postpartum psychosis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 75

75. Which of the following can be difficult to detect?

a) whether a mother is primiparous

b) postpartum depression

c) breech babies

d) expulsion of the placenta

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 76

76. What did researchers find when they compared the health outcomes of siblings where one baby was breastfed and the other fed only formula?

a) Breastfed babies were healthier.

b) Formula babies were healthier.

c) There were no differences between the groups.

d) Breastfed babies were healthier but also more likely to be obese.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 77

77. When do mothers begin to produce colostrum?

a) right after giving birth

b) two to three days after birth

c) one to two weeks after birth

d) after breastfeeding for five days

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 78

78. Which of the following causes uterine contractions during breastfeeding?

a) progesterone

b) androgens

c) oxytocin

d) vasopressin

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 79

79. Which of the following is a pregnancy complication that can result in convulsions?

a) episiotomy

b) eclampsia

c) effacement

d) Rh incompatibility

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 80

80. In order to reduce the risk of miscarriage, amniocentesis should be carried out __________.

a) after the 20th week of pregnancy

b) before the 8th week of pregnancy

c) during the 12th week of pregnancy

d) before the 20th week of pregnancy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 81

81. Trish and George have conceived several times but have miscarried every time. What type of infertility do Trish and George have?

a) primary

b) secondary

c) tertiary

d) psychological

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 82

82. If a researcher studied 100 men, approximately how many of those men would be considered to have a problem with fertility?

a) 1

b) 10

c) 20

d) 40

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 83

83. Regan was identified as having a low sperm count. This means he produces __________ million or less sperm per millilitre of semen.

a) 40

b) 30

c) 20

d) 10

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 84

84. The most common cause of fertility problems in women relates to __________.

a) ovulation

b) the shape of the uterus

c) high levels of progesterone

d) the thickness of the cervix

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 85

85. Paige became pregnant after using clomiphene citrate. What is the probability that she will be carrying two or more babies?

a) 8 per cent

b) 15 per cent

c) 20 per cent

d) 40 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 86

86. Laila is expecting twins. She asked her doctor when she will likely give birth. The doctor said that the mean gestational age at birth for twins is __________.

a) 30 weeks

b) 33 weeks

c) 35 weeks

d) 37 weeks

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 87

87. In order for a sperm to fertilize an egg, it must first penetrate which layer surrounding the egg?

a) zona pellucida

b) chorionic villis

c) amnion

d) corpus luteum

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 88

88. Approximately how long does it take a fertilized egg to travel from the fallopian tube to the uterus?

a) 2 days

b) 5 days

c) 10 days

d) 14 days

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 89

89. What structure does the umbilical cord attach the embryo to?

a) the amniotic sac

b) the uterus

c) the placenta

d) the mother's stomach

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 90

90. In which stage of pregnancy is "morning sickness" most associated as a common side effect?

a) first trimester

b) second trimester

c) third trimester

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 91

91. Primiparous refers to which of the following?

a) a woman who has been pregnant and given birth only once

b) a woman who has not yet been pregnant

c) a woman who has not yet menstruated

d) a women has had sexual intercourse but has not yet been pregnant

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 92

92. A process called external cephalic version is used to do what?

a) to see the fetus's brain and spinal cord using an ultrasound

b) to check the fetus for neural tube defects

c) to check the mother for hypertension

d) to try and coax the fetus into a head-down position by pushing on the mother's stomach

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 93

93. According to research, which statement is true about trans men and pregnancy?

a) Trans men that retain their uterus and ovaries can become pregnant.

b) Trans men that become pregnant may struggle with their identity as a man.

c) Trans men that become pregnant are at risk for feelings of gender dysphoria.

d) All of the above statements are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 94

94. Stage 3 labour is sometimes referred to as the _________ ________.

a) "placental phase"

b) "bloody show"

c) "crowning phase"

d) "lightening phase"

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 95

95. ________ ________ is a rare postpartum emotional issue\reaction that affects approximately 0.2 per cent of of women.

a) Postpartum infanticide

b) Postpartum blues

c) Postpartum depression

d) Postpartum psychosis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 96

96. One advantage of chorionic villus sampling over amniocentesis is ________.

a) chorionic villus sampling can be done earlier in the pregnancy

b) chorionic villus sampling carries a lower risk to the pregnancy

c) chorionic villus sampling is much more accurate

d) the are no advantages to choosing chorionic villus sampling over amniocentesis

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 01

1. Sperm typically live for __________ hours inside a woman's body.

Feedback: 48

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 02

2. The thinning and shortening of the cervix during labour is known as __________.

Feedback: effacement

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 03

3. For a few weeks after giving birth, Amanda cried often and was anxious, but after that she was feeling happy again. Amanda was likely suffering from __________ __________.

Feedback: postpartum blues

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 04

4. Studies have found that approximately __________ per cent of pregnancies are miscarried by the sixth week after the last menstrual period.

Feedback: 25

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 05

5. Approximately 60 to 80 per cent of deaths of infants without congenital anomalies is related to __________ __________.

Feedback: preterm birth

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 06

6. In the AIH method of assisted human reproduction, sperm from a partner or __________ is used for fertilization.

Feedback: husband

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 07

7. A baby has low birth weight if its weight at birth is less than the average weight for its __________ __________.

Feedback: gestational age

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 08

8. Julie needs help getting pregnant but does not want a method that involves any fertilized eggs to be frozen or discarded. The best method for Julie to choose in order to conceive is __________ __________ __________(three words).

Feedback: gamete intrafallopian transfer

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 09

9. Breastfeeding changes the fertility of the woman by causing __________ __________.

Feedback: lactational anovulation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 10

10. The __________ is delivered in the final stage of labour.

Feedback: placenta

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 11

11. Most home pregnancy tests detect __________ in the blood.

Feedback: HCG

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 12

12. The process of __________ removes the plasma membrane overlying the sperm to allow for greater binding between the sperm and the egg.

Feedback: capacitation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 13

13. The normal human gestation period is __________ days.

Feedback: 280

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 14

14. A baby born nearer to the beginning of the __________ month of gestation has about a 90 per cent chance of survival.

Feedback: eighth

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 15

15. Monica's cervix is dilating from 8 to 10 cm. She is in the __________ phase of stage 1 of labour.

Feedback: transition

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 16

16. Malin is in labour and has asked for analgesics. An anaesthesiologist injects an anesthetic into a space in Malin's spinal canal. Malin has received a(n) __________.

Feedback: epidural

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 17

17. When a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than in the inner lining of the uterus, it is referred to as a(n) __________ __________.

Feedback: ectopic pregnancy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 18

18. An Rh-negative mother who may be carrying an Rh-positive fetus should get an injection of __________ to eliminate the possibility of D-antigen incompatibility.

Feedback: RhoGAM

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 19

19. The main symptoms of __________ are high blood pressure, protein in the urine, edema, and swelling.

Feedback: pre-eclampsia

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 20

20. A couple who has never been able to conceive is categorized as having __________ infertility.

Feedback: primary

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 21

21. The first stools passed by a newborn are called ________.

Feedback: meconium

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 22

22. ________ is the high-protein, antibody-rich fluid that flows from the breast before the full onset of lactation.

Feedback: Colostrum

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 23

23. A sometimes controversial incision of the perineum to help with the passage of the baby is called a(n) ________.

Feedback: episiotomy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 24

24. ________ is defined as a biological inability to achieve pregnancy either after one year of frequent, unprotected intercourse if the woman is less than 34 years of age, or after six months if she is over 35 years of age.

Feedback: Infertility

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 01

1. Describe the pros and cons of a woman undergoing an elective C-section delivery.

Feedback: Pros: C-sections allow women to avoid the pain of vaginal delivery, provide control over the timing of their deliveries, and health benefits such as a reduced rate of pelvic floor problems, which can cause incontinence. However, research has shown that it is mainly the pregnancy that increases the risk of urinary and fecal incontinence, and not the mode of delivery.

Cons: The risks associated with the procedure seem to outweigh the potential benefits. Healthy women who undergo a planned C-section are three times more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity as compared to women who have a planned vaginal birth. In general, C-sections are associated with higher risks of infection, excessive bleeding, scarring, damage to the intestines and bladder, chronic conditions related to childbirth, and even death. In addition, women who give birth by C-section have substantially longer recovery times than do women who give birth vaginally. This longer recovery time can interfere with the mother's ability to care for her baby without considerable assistance, and it can place a significant strain on the health care system.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 02

2. Compare and contrast postpartum blues with postpartum depression

Feedback: Postpartum blues and postpartum depression differ in both the severity and duration of the depressive symptoms. Postpartum blues are also more common than postpartum depression. The postpartum blues occurs in up to 80 per cent of women and usually resolves within a couple of weeks. Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in between 20 and 50 per cent of women and can last for months or even years. Postpartum blues consists of mild depression, tearfulness, anxiety, and/or irritability occurring in the first few days after delivery. The experience of PPD may involve extreme sadness or despair, apathy, changes in appetite and sleep, low self-esteem, and difficulty concentrating.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 03

3. Describe two critiques of using pain management during a vaginal delivery.

Feedback: Spinal blocks and epidurals can reduce a woman's ability to push the baby out herself and increase the risk of C-section and assisted deliveries (e.g., forceps). Drugs can cross the placental barrier and may have a negative impact on the baby.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 04

4. Compare artificial insemination (AI) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).

Feedback: Artificial insemination involves injecting the sperm directly into the vagina or uterus. Sperm can be from a partner (AIH) or a donor (AID). The egg never leaves the woman's body and fertilization occurs in the woman's body. In zygote intrafallopian transfer, eggs from the mother or donor are fertilized with sperm from the partner or donor outside of the body and inserted into the woman's body after three or four days of development. There are two main differences between the methods. First, in AI, the egg is never donated. Second, in AI, fertilization occurs inside of the body and it is never the case that eggs or zygotes need to be frozen, whereas with ZIFT, eggs are fertilized outside of the body and in some cases the eggs or zygotes must be frozen.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 05

5. Jackie is 39-weeks pregnant with her first child and is feeling contractions about five minutes apart. Describe how her labour and delivery will most likely progress from this point until her baby is one hour old.

Feedback: Jackie will be in the first stage of labour for about eight hours, where contractions cause the cervix to dilate to 10 cm. The baby can then exit the uterus and begin moving down the birth canal. The next stage lasts about 80 minutes and involves the baby's head exiting the vagina. The nose and mouth are suctioned out and then the baby's body is delivered. The umbilical cord is clamped and cut. The next stage lasts about an hour and involves the delivery of the placenta. Following the delivery of the placenta, Jackie would be sutured if necessary. After delivery the baby is checked and then put skin to skin on the mother as soon as possible. The baby may attempt to breast feed as soon as one hour after delivery.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 06

6. Although most people object to the idea of human cloning, and it is illegal in Canada for any purpose, what are some possible benefits?

Feedback: Some possible benefits include; harvesting stem cells to clone only certain tissues or organs that could be used for research into treatment of certain diseases or to develop organs for transplantation. Reproductive cloning could offer another alternative to those dealing with infertility.