Complete Test Bank STIs Biology & Behavior Pukall Ch.8

Chapter 8: Sexuality Transmitted Infections:
At the Junction of Biology and Behaviour

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 01

1. Why is the term "sexually transmitted infection" (STI) preferred over "sexually transmitted disease" (STD)?

a) The physiological effects of the sexually transmitted pathogens are technically infections, not diseases.

b) The pathogens that are passed from person to person can be asymptomatic.

c) Infections are curable and diseases are only treatable.

d) Research has shown that young people are more comfortable talking about infections than diseases.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 02

2. Why do we use the term "sexually transmitted infection" (STI) as opposed to "sexually transmitted disease" (STD)?

a) because it is the infection of an individual with a sexually transmitted pathogen that concerns us, not whether he or she has evident signs of a sexually transmitted disease.

b) because diseases are no longer a consideration for those working in the field of sexual health.

c) because there are more STIs in Canada than STDs.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 03

3. Which STI is one of the oldest on record and is sometimes referred to as "English pox" or "French pox"?

a) syphilis

b) gonorrhea

c) chlamydia

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 04

4. Which of the following protects you from acquiring a sexually transmitted infection?

a) being in a monogamous relationship

b) avoiding mixing sex and substance use

c) being over the age of 25

d) none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 05

5. Which of the following was used as a treatment for syphilis in the 1500s?

a) arsenic

b) antibiotics

c) cyanide

d) mercury

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 06

6. Why was the Tuskegee experiment considered to be unethical?

a) The participants were not paid.

b) People were intentionally infected with syphilis.

c) The sample was given treatments that were not tested first for possible harmful effects.

d) Treatment was eventually stopped on all participants.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 07

7. Which STI was named after a figure in Greek mythology who was cursed with a terrible disease?

a) syphilis

b) gonorrhea

c) chlamydia

d) moniliasis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 08

8. From 1932 to 1972, the US Public Health Service withheld treatment for syphilis from impoverished African American participants in a study. What was the main issue with this study?

a) It was unethical to withhold treatment.

b) It was unethical to only study impoverished participants.

c) Withholding treatment did not yield any useful results.

d) The results of the study were skewed because only African American participants were involved.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 09

9. Which of the following was an obstacle in helping to fight the spread of and treatment of AIDS?

a) stigma against same-sex sexual orientation individuals

b) fear of contagion

c) stigma against intravenous drug use, poverty, and race

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 10

10. Kara has an STI that can be treated with antibiotics. Which of the following STIs could it NOT be?

a) herpes

b) syphilis

c) gonorrhea

d) chlamydia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 11

11. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is a virus?

a) herpes

b) syphilis

c) gonorrhea

d) chlamydia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 12

12. Which of the following can be successfully treated with antibiotics?

a) syphilis

b) herpes

c) HPV

d) HIV

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 13

13. Which of the following has been used to treat syphilis?

a) arsenic

b) mercury

c) penicillin

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 14

14. What type of STI is herpes?

a) viral

b) bacterial

c) curable

d) retroviral

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 15

15. What is the probable origin of HIV?

a) simian immunodeficiency virus in primates

b) spontaneous generation in the fertile crescent

c) resistant micro-organisms found in Haiti

d) mucus membranes of west-African mammals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 16

16. During the 1980s and 1990s, what was the number one cause of death among young men in North America?

a) HIV/AIDS

b) car accidents

c) herpes-related infections

d) complications from gonorrhea infection treatment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 17

17. Which terms best characterize the early response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and those living with it in Canada?

a) enormous prejudice and discrimination

b) reasonable and balanced

c) extremely supportive with appropriate treatment and care

d) global leader in the fight against AIDS

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 18

18. HIV is thought to originate from which type of animals?

a) pigs

b) primates

c) chickens

d) cows

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 19

19. Which of the following is true about AIDS deaths in the 1980s and 1990s?

a) The only group in society that was stigmatized by AIDS were AIDS patients.

b) AIDS did not discriminate—all races, socioeconomic classes, and sexual orientations were affected equally.

c) AIDS was the leading cause of death in men under 50 in the United States and Canada.

d) Politicians were the first activists pressuring pharmaceutical companies to develop treatments for the disease and its symptoms.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 20

20. Before there was a treatment for HIV/AIDS, how long could a patient expect to live after acquiring the illness?

a) one to two years

b) two to three years

c) three to five years

d) less than one year

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 21

21. When Derek was first diagnosed with HIV, he was told that he can be treated with a new (although very expensive) drug regimen. In what year was Derek diagnosed?

a) 1991

b) 1993

c) 1995

d) 1997

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 22

22. In the present day, what is the greatest concern about working with HIV/AIDS patients?

a) providing them access to affordable medications

b) making sure they take the medications that reduce symptoms as prescribed

c) preventing mother-to-infant spread of the illness

d) reducing the stigma associated with the disease

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 23

23. In Canada today, roughly how many people are newly infected with HIV each year?

a) less than 1000

b) 2000 to 4000

c) 5000 to 7000

d) more than 8000

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 24

24. Which of the following is an obstacle for ARV treatment of AIDS?

a) It is an expensive treatment.

b) Access to treatment is not widely available in developing nations.

c) It is difficult to get patients to adhere to treatment regimens.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 25

25. In which region is HIV/AIDS most prevalent?

a) Sub-Saharan African

b) Northern Africa and the Middle East

c) East Asia

d) South America

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 26

26. Which of the following is true about early (pre-2006) campaigns to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission?

a) Campaigns focused on teaching HIV-negative individuals how to prevent acquiring the disease.

b) Campaigns focused on teaching-HIV positive individuals how to prevent transmitting the disease.

c) Campaigns focused on teaching HIV-negative people to be tolerant of people with HIV positive status.

d) Campaigns focused on building the self-esteem of HIV-positive individuals.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 27

27. What does "prevention with positives" research refer to?

a) campaigns geared towards preventing all people from acquiring HIV/AIDS

b) campaigns specifically geared towards preventing HIV-negative people from becoming HIV-positive

c) campaigns specifically geared towards preventing HIV-positive individuals from developing AIDS

d) campaigns geared towards preventing HIV-positive individuals from spreading the infection to HIV-negative individuals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 28

28. Victor's new girlfriend asked him to get tested for sexually transmitted infections. He took the test and the results were positive for an STI. What advice would Victor's doctor give him?

a) The doctor's advice would depend on the type of infection and other factors.

b) The doctor would advise Victor to contact all sexual partners he has had any sexual contact with during the past five years.

c) The doctor would advise Victor to contact partners with whom he engaged in risky sex acts during the past six months.

d) The doctor would only advise Victor to contact previous partners if Victor was currently experiencing symptoms.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 29

29. Five years ago, Tanya was diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Currently, she has been trying to get pregnant for almost a year, but has faced infertility issues. Which STI was Tanya likely diagnosed with five years ago?

a) hepatitis

b) HIV

c) chlamydia

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 30

30. Which sexually transmitted infection is best described by the following symptoms? It is often asymptomatic or presents minimal symptoms such as a mild discharge from the vagina, penis, or anus. Urinary symptoms such as burning or itching are also possible, and some women may experience vaginal bleeding.

a) chlamydia

b) gonorrhea

c) herpes

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 31

31. In women, which sexually transmitted infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause pain with or without intercourse? PID may lead to infertility due to scarring of the fallopian tubes, increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

a) chlamydia

b) gonorrhea

c) herpes

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 32

32. Which sexually transmitted infection that is reportable in Canada has the highest prevalence rate?

a) HIV

b) chlamydia

c) gonorrhea

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 33

33. Jenny has only ever had oral sex with a single partner, but she is experiencing a mild discharge from her vagina and a burning sensation when she urinates. Which STI does Jenny most likely have?

a) chlamydia

b) syphilis

c) gonorrhea

d) HPV

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 34

34. Which of the following is NOT true of Chlamydia?

a) Chlamydia is treated with oral antibiotics.

b) People can test themselves for chlamydia.

c) Chlamydia infection can spread to the uterus.

d) All of the above are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 35

35. Tomas noticed a mild discharge coming from his penis. He is sexually active and sometimes doesn't use a condom. What sexually transmitted infection is likely indicated by Tomas's symptoms?

a) gonorrhea

b) chlamydia

c) syphilis

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 36

36. Liam recently took a vacation and hooked up with one of the locals while he was there. Shortly after he returned, he became aware that something might be wrong because he had a yellow discharge from his penis. What sexually transmitted infection does Liam most likely have?

a) gonorrhea

b) syphilis

c) herpes

d) chlamydia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 37

37. Jaana has flat, warty lesions in the anogenital area, patches of erosions and/or whitish skin in the mouth, and fever and joint aches. What stage of syphilis is she most likely presenting with?

a) secondary

b) primary

c) tertiary

d) advanced

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 38

38. Which stage of syphilis often affects mental functioning?

a) primary syphilis

b) secondary syphilis

c) tertiary syphilis

d) treponemal syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 39

39. Which sexually transmitted infection, if left untreated, affects the blood vessels, heart, and eyes, and may cause sensory or brain damage?

a) syphilis

b) HIV

c) gonorrhea

d) hepatitis B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 40

40. Which of the following is NOT true of syphilis?

a) Oral sexual contact is the most common way of transmitting syphilis.

b) Syphilis can cause brain damage.

c) Penicillin is usually used to treat syphilis.

d) All of the above are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 41

41. Which term means "relating to the region of the anus and/or the genitals"?

a) anogenital

b) perineum

c) vulva

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 42

42. Frank has noticed a painless ulcer on his penis. Which sexually transmitted infection does he most likely have?

a) primary syphilis

b) secondary syphilis

c) chlamydia

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 43

43. Fatma has a rash on the palms of her hands and the soles of her feet, and all along her trunk. Which sexually transmitted infection does she most likely have?

a) secondary syphilis

b) primary syphilis

c) herpes

d) gonorrhea

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 44

44. Orolabial herpes or HSV-1 generally presents as __________.

a) cold sores

b) lesions in the genital area

c) skin rash

d) anal irritants

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 45

45. Why is there no precise information about the prevalence of herpes in Canada?

a) It is not a reportable infection.

b) It is not detectable through testing.

c) It is so rare that it is not worth reporting.

d) It is not really considered a sexually transmitted infection.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 46

46. How long do herpes outbreaks typically last?

a) several days

b) several weeks

c) several years

d) several months

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 47

47. By all estimates, which sexually transmitted infection is the most prevalent in Canada?

a) HPV

b) HIV

c) gonorrhea

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 48

48. Nicole is a 23-year-old university student and has just been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection, but she did not notice any visible symptoms. Which diagnosis is most probable?

a) syphilis

b) herpes

c) gonorrhea

d) HPV

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 49

49. Michele is pregnant and has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection but her doctor does not think it is necessary for her to deliver her baby via C-section. What infection does Michele most likely have?

a) chlamydia

b) gonorrhea

c) herpes

d) HPV

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 50

50. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections cannot be detected through routine screening?

a) chlamydia

b) HIV/AIDS

c) HPV

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 51

51. What causes genital warts?

a) gonorrhea

b) chlamydia

c) HPV

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 52

52. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections cannot be prevented with condom use alone?

a) chlamydia

b) herpes

c) gonorrhea

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 53

53. Which of the following is NOT true of HPV?

a) Only females can be vaccinated against HPV.

b) Genital warts can be treated at home with prescription drugs.

c) Many HPV-infected individuals will spontaneously clear the infection without ever showing symptoms.

d) All of the above are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 54

54. Who is at greatest risk for HIV infection in Canada?

a) men who have sex with men

b) injection drug users

c) people from endemic countries

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 55

55. If a person who has been diagnosed with HIV is discussing their viral load with their doctor, what are they most likely talking about?

a) measure of the amount of a virus that an infected person has per millimetre of blood

b) their susceptibility to viral infections

c) the time that they were first infected with the virus

d) the sexual means through which they contracted the disease (i.e. oral, penile-vaginal, or anal sex)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 56

56. Which sexually transmitted infection can also be transmitted through infected food?

a) hepatitis A

b) hepatitis B

c) hepatitis C

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 57

57. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is linked to cancer if left untreated?

a) hepatitis A

b) hepatitis B

c) herpes

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 58

58. What is true about both pubic lice and scabies?

a) They are both caused by parasites.

b) They both infect only the external pubic area.

c) They can both be treated using antibiotics.

d) They are both contracted from genital–genital contact.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 59

59. Priyanka has a genital problem but has never had sexual contact with another person. What type of problem does Priyanka most likely have?

a) pubic lice

b) chlamydia

c) gonorrhea

d) trichomoniasis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 60

60. Which sexually transmitted infection is uncommon in most regions of Canada, prevalent in parts of Africa and other areas of the world, and more common among women with multiple sexual partners?

a) trichomoniasis

b) pubic lice

c) HIV

d) hepatitis A

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 61

61. Contrary to most sexually transmitted infections, this problem can be acquired through non-sexual contact, such as bed sheets or towels.

a) scabies

b) trichomoniasis

c) hepatitis B

d) HIV

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 62

62. What makes moniliasis different from sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and herpes?

a) Moniliasis will not go away on its own if left untreated.

b) Moniliasis produces symptoms only in men.

c) Moniliasis is triggered by sexual activity but caused by a naturally occurring flora in the vagina.

d) Moniliasis is transmitted through the genitals but shows symptoms on hands and feet.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 63

63. What causes a fishy odour, vaginal discharge, itching around the vagina, and may result in pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)?

a) bacterial vaginosis

b) chlamydia

c) moniliasis

d) trichomoniasis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 64

64. What vaginal yeast infection is caused by the overgrowth of naturally occurring vaginal organisms and commonly referred to as candidiasis or thrush?

a) moniliasis

b) bacterial vaginosis

c) chlamydia

d) trichomoniasis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 65

65. Which sexually transmitted infection cannot be detected by screening?

a) HPV/HSV

b) chlamydia

c) HIV

d) gonorrhea

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 66

66. Why is it important to communicate with previous partners if you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection?

a) Your partner(s) may not know that they are infected.

b) Your partner(s) may develop serious complications if their infection goes untreated.

c) Your partner(s) may transmit the infection to others.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 67

67. When is sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening instead of STI testing an appropriate measure?

a) STI screening is appropriate when there are no visible symptoms but the person has reason to believe they have been exposed to an STI.

b) STI screening is appropriate when there are visible symptoms but the person has no reason to think they were exposed to an STI.

c) STI screening is appropriate when there are no visible symptoms and the person has no reason to believe they have been exposed to an STI.

d) STI screening is appropriate when there are visible symptoms and the person is aware of the fact that a previous partner has tested positive for an STI.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 68

68. What does it mean to be screened for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

a) to be tested when there are no evident symptoms of an STI

b) to be tested when there are symptoms of an STI

c) to be immunized against all possible infections

d) to be regularly checked by your partners for evidence of STIs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 69

69. When is sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing instead of screening an appropriate measure?

a) STI testing is appropriate when the person has no symptoms of an STI but wishes to engage in sex without a condom with their partner.

b) STI testing is appropriate when the individual is showing symptoms of an STI.

c) STI testing is appropriate when a person has no symptoms of an STI but has had previous sexual partners.

d) STI testing is appropriate when a person has no symptoms of an STI but has had an STI that has been treated successfully in the past.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 70

70. Which of the following is good advice about condom use in a monogamous relationship?

a) Use condoms until you have established a routine on oral contraceptives.

b) Use condoms until you have gotten to know your partner's history and have determined that he or she was not at high risk for a sexually transmitted infection.

c) Use condoms throughout the relationship.

d) Use condoms until you both have been tested for sexually transmitted infections and have determined that you both are STI-free and monogamous.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 71

71. What is the best, even though likely not the most practical or realistic, solution for a person to prevent being infected by a sexually transmitted infection?

a) Find out about their partner's behaviour patterns.

b) Get tested regularly for sexually transmitted infections.

c) Use a barrier method for all types of sexual activity.

d) Practise abstinence.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 72

72. Jack and Laura are engaging in sexual activity and debating when to put on the condom. What is the best option?

a) A condom is most effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections if it is put on just before intercourse.

b) A condom is only needed for penile–vaginal intercourse and isn't needed during oral sex.

c) A condom should be put in place before the penis is even erect to ensure all sexually transmitted infections are avoided.

d) A condom should be put on before any genital–genital touching or oral–genital contact to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 73

73. Dr. Elliott, a researcher, has launched a well-received campaign in New York State to increase awareness among HIV-positive individuals regarding how to prevent spreading the disease to other people. Dr. Elliott has been asked to advise researchers in South Africa about how to create an effective campaign. What is one difference between New York State and South Africa that may need to be considered if the campaign is to be effective?

a) The disease is mostly spread male to male, but most South Africans will deny they engage in homosexual behaviour because it is not culturally accepted.

b) Drugs to reduce the severity of symptoms are not readily available in South Africa so the consequences of the disease are more serious than if it is contracted in North America.

c) Most HIV/AIDS transmission in South Africa is through heterosexual contact but females, not males, are expected to make decisions concerning contraception, including condom use.

d) In South Africa, many people will believe that HIV/AIDS could be treated by natural healers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 74

74. Where is the best place for Mike to store a condom?

a) in his wallet

b) in his car

c) in his pocket

d) in his backpack

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 75

75. What mistake do most Canadian couples make regarding preventing sexual transmitted disease transmission?

a) They only use condoms until oral contraceptives are being taken regularly; then they stop.

b) They only get screened, not tested, for sexually transmitted infections.

c) They only get tested for sexually transmitted diseases when they are asymptomatic.

d) They assume that they are their partner's first partner and have risky sex from the beginning.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 76

76. Stefan doesn't like using condoms because they seem to reduce sensation, but Melissa insists on it. What can Stefan do to improve his sexual experience?

a) Incorporate condom application into foreplay.

b) Try a non-lubricated condom.

c) Try using a water-based lubricant with the condom.

d) Try a thicker condom.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 77

77. One common complaint about male condoms is that they reduce sexual pleasure or sensation. What is a possible solution to this issue?

a) Put a drop of water-based lubricant or saliva in the tip of the condom or on the glans of the penis prior to putting on the condom.

b) Try a thinner latex condom.

c) Try different brands.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 78

78. Measures that include signs and symptom awareness, sexually transmitted infection screening and testing, Pap tests, adherence to STI treatment, and partner notification and treatment are known as __________ prevention.

a) secondary

b) primary

c) tertiary

d) initial

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 79

79. Janna has recently been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following actions should she take?

a) Notify her previous partners.

b) Attend follow-up appointments.

c) Get regular Pap tests.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 80

80. Why are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) sometimes called "the gifts that keep on giving"?

a) STIs are usually incurable.

b) They can be transmitted to other people if undetected or ignored.

c) Most people find they learn important lessons about life through dealing with an STI.

d) It is possible to transmit an STI even after a person has received effective treatment for it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 81

81. Gwyneth and Raj have been in a relationship for several months. They have always used condoms and practised preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Now that they know each other better, what is the best course of action?

a) It is safer to continue to use condoms and practise STI prevention.

b) It is safe to assume neither of them has an STI.

c) It is less awkward to ask each other to get screened for STIs.

d) They no longer need to use condoms.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 82

82. Gus has noticed a green discharge from his penis. Which sexually transmitted infection does he most likely have?

a) gonorrhea

b) HPV

c) syphilis

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 83

83. Charles had oral sex with a new partner and contracted a sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following is it least likely to have been?

a) chlamydia

b) HIV

c) gonorrhea

d) herpes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 84

84. After Lara got pregnant, she noticed discharge from her vagina and itching around it. She got worried that she had contracted a sexually transmitted infection, but her doctor said it was not an STI. What was it most likely?

a) bacterial vaginosis

b) moniliasis

c) thrichomonias

d) scabies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 85

85. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections cannot be detected by screening?

a) HSV

b) herpes

c) chlamydia

d) gonorrhea

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 86

86. Which of the following is NOT a primary prevention measure for sexually transmitted infections?

a) pap tests

b) using a condom

c) vaccination

d) thinking about safe sex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 87

87. Which of the following is NOT a good place to carry a condom?

a) your wallet

b) a backpack

c) a purse

d) an empty dental floss container

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 88

88. Which of the following is an example of using the information-motivational-behavioural model to research and prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS?

a) addressing the belief that traditional healers can cure HIV

b) helping women negotiate condom use in unequal male-female relationships

c) dealing with the cultural imperative of having children

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 89

89. For which of the following sexually transmitted infections is a vaccine available?

a) HPV

b) gonorrhea

c) chlamydia

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 90

90. How can hepatitis C be treated by a physician?

a) There is no treatment available for hepatitis C.

b) with 12 weeks of antibiotic oral medication

c) with 12 weeks of antiviral oral medication

d) with 12 weeks of antiretroviral oral medication

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 91

91. Trichomoniasis is caused by what type of organism?

a) protozoa

b) virus

c) bacteria

d) yeast

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 92

92. Which of the following genital infections can be treated with a nightly vaginal insertion of clindamycin cream, metronidazole gel, or long-acting vaginal vitamin C tablets?

a) chlamydia

b) gonorrhea

c) bacterial vaginosis

d) trichomoniasis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 93

93. Why might people invoke a "theories of risk" strategy that is based on certain personal characteristics?

a) to help decide whether they should get screened for STIs

b) to help find and avoid partners who might have an sti

c) to help decide whether they should get tested for STIs

d) to help decide whether they should contact previous partners about an STI diagnosis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 94

94. All of the following sexually transmitted infections are caused by viruses except for ________?

a) genital warts

b) HIV

c) genital herpes

d) syphilis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 95

95. Which of the following statements is true with regards to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and HIV/AIDS?

a) ARV therapy can prevent hiv transmission from an infected person to an uninfected person.

b) ARV therapy can prevent hiv infection in an uninfected person if taken regularly by uninfected persons at risk.

c) ARV therapy can lower an infected person's viral load to such a low count that the virus is not detectable anymore in the blood.

d) All of the above statements are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 96

96. Approximately what percentage of Canadians living with HIV are unaware that they are infected?

a) 10 per cent

b) 20 per cent

c) 30 per cent

d) 40 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 97

97. Which of the following statements about STI prevalence among Indigenous persons living in Canada is false ?

a) Chlamydia is estimated to be almost twenty times higher among Indigenous persons.

b) Rates of hiv and aids are disproportionately higher among Indigenous persons.

c) Sti prevalence among Indigenous persons is estimated to be higher than that of the overall population d) New hiv infections are occurring at a rate that is estimated to be 3

d) New hiv infections are occurring at a rate that is estimated to be 3.5 times higher than that in the non-Indigenous population.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 01

1. Hepatitis B and C are the only sexually transmitted diseases caused by a(n) __________ that are also curable with drugs.

Feedback: virus

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 02

2. During the 1980s and 1990s, __________ was the number one cause of death in men younger than 50.

Feedback: AIDS

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 03

3. The drugs currently used to treat HIV/AIDS are __________ drug combinations.

Feedback: antiretroviral

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 04

4. Worldwide, about __________ million people are newly diagnosed with HIV infection each year.

Feedback: two

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 05

5. Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can have lasting effects on females by causing __________ __________ __________ that can lead to fertility problems.

Feedback: pelvic inflammatory disease

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 06

6. Allan notices a single large sore on his penis a few weeks after returning from a vacation to South America. On vacation he engaged in sexual activity with men and women and did not always use a condom. Allan's doctor suspects that he is showing the first stage of __________.

Feedback: syphilis

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 07

7. Up to 80 per cent of Canadians will be infected by __________ in their lifetime.

Feedback: HPV

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 08

8. Although it affects the genitals, __________ __________ is common in pregnant women and is not generally considered a sexually transmitted infection.

Feedback: bacterial vaginosis

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 09

9. The most prevalent sexually transmitted infection that is preventable with a vaccine is __________.

Feedback: HPV

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 10

10. You might want to get __________ for sexually transmitted infections before becoming intimate with a new partner, even if you don't have symptoms.

Feedback: screened

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 11

11. The __________ experiment was an unethical research project studying syphilis.

Feedback: Tuskegee

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 12

12. Sarah has been diagnosed with the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in Canada. Sarah has __________.

Feedback: chlamydia

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 13

13. AIDS develops from a virus known as __________.

Feedback: HIV

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 14

14. The best way to prevent the spread of AIDS is to promote safer sexual behaviour among HIV-__________ individuals.

Feedback: positive

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 15

15. Most HIV intervention research focuses on people who are HIV-__________.

Feedback: negative

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 16

16. Unless treated with antibiotics, __________ can eventually lead to death.

Feedback: syphilis

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 17

17. The type of HPV that leads to the development of genital warts is considered __________-risk for the development of cancer.

Feedback: low

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 18

18. If you have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection, it is critical that you __________ to the recommended treatment.

Feedback: adhere

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 19

19. If a person contracts hepatitis B or hepatitis __________ they may develop cirrhosis of the liver.

Feedback: C

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 20

20. Jess is avoiding wide-spectrum antibiotics because she doesn't want to develop a __________ infection in her vagina.

Feedback: yeast

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 21

21. Both syphilis and chlamydia are caused by a ________ infection.

Feedback: bacterial

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 22

22. The third and final stage of syphilis is called ________ syphilis

Feedback: tertiary

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 23

23. ________ can be caused by two closely related types of the virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Feedback: Herpes

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 24

24. More than 120 types of ________ have been identified, and are often labelled as "high-risk" and "low-risk".

Feedback: Human Papillomavirus OR HPV

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 25

25. ________, also commonly referred to as candidiasis or thrush, is a vaginal yeast infection caused by the overgrowth of naturally occurring vaginal organisms.

Feedback: Moniliasis

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 26

26. The current extent of a pathogen, infection, or disease (or another condition) in a defined population at a given time is termed ________.

Feedback: prevalence

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 01

1. Describe some sociological factors that shaped early research into AIDS prevention and describe how research changed when a treatment for AIDS was discovered.

Feedback: Prior to the development of treatment options, persons with HIV/AIDS were highly stigmatized, not only for having a much-feared communicable disease, but also for being gay and/or drug users in addition to effectively having a "death sentence" with their diagnosis. Researchers feared that conducting research or suggesting interventions that implied that people who have HIV also spread HIV would be cruel and unfair even though HIV-positive individuals are the source of every new infection. After it became possible to treat AIDS, some of the stigma was lifted and AIDS was normalized, allowing researchers to look at how to prevent the spread of AIDS from an HIV-positive individual to an uninfected individual. HIV prevention campaigns now stress the importance of not passing on the disease if you are infected, rather than focusing on not getting the disease if you are not infected.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 02

2. What arguments are often provided for and against administering vaccinations to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Feedback: Arguments against include case examples of some children who fell ill soon after being given the vaccination, unknown long term effects of the vaccine, the appropriateness of giving a vaccine related to sexual behaviour to a nine-year-old child, and the need for the vaccine when cervical cancer can be detected by a Pap test and successfully treated. Arguments for the vaccine include the fact that Pap tests don't always detect early signs of cervical cancer, and that Pap tests do not test for other types of cancer caused by HPV. In addition, the pro-vaccine group notes that some groups of women are unlikely to get a Pap test but may be protected from some types of cancer if given the vaccine at school.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 03

3. Describe and compare the approaches to AIDS prevention in North America and in South Africa.

Feedback: In North America, the largest group transmitting HIV/AIDS to others are men who have sex with men and intravenous drug users. A campaign that addresses those individuals and gives them tools and skills needed to stop the spread of the infection is most appropriate in North America, mainly through condom use and not sharing needles. In South Africa, however, the main transmitters of HIV/AIDS are heterosexuals, and there are a number of culturally-based beliefs that demand a different approach. For example, many South Africans believe in traditional healers, and many HIV-positive individuals are also expected to produce a family, meaning that they must engage in risky sexual behaviour to appease the cultural norm. In addition, men hold a more powerful status in South African society than women, and that changes what strategies work best to ensure condoms are used. If the North American approach was used in South Africa or vice versa, HIV/AIDS prevention method would not likely be successful. The approach used needs to match the culture in which it is being used.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 04

4. Discuss three reasons why one partner asking the other about their sexual history does not prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections.

Feedback: 1. A person's apparent "risky lifestyle" (e.g., drinkers are at a higher risk for STIs than non-drinkers) doesn't reflect whether they actually may or may not have an STI.

2. Many of the behaviours that are highest risk also have social stigmas, so the partner might not be honest about engaging in those behaviours (e.g., IV drug use, men having sex with men).

3. A partner may not know if their previous partners were carrying STIs, and the partner and their previous partner could be infected with a pathogen yet be asymptomatic.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 05

5. Deanna has met a man with whom she is starting a monogamous sexual relationship. What five factors related to overall sexual health should Deanna consider to make the most out of her situation? Provide an example of each factor.

Feedback: Consent, contraception, safer sex, sexual pleasure, and the quality of the interpersonal relationship should all be considered. She should think about whether she has given and received consent for the level of sexual activity she is engaging in. She should consider her contraception choice and make sure it is the best for her health. She should consider whether she is enjoying the sexual activity with her partner and whether there are things she would like to do that they haven't tried, or things that she would like him to stop doing. She may also consider finding out whether he is enjoying their sexual relations. She should also consider whether she is happy with the non-sexual aspect of her interpersonal relationship, whether the relationship is good for her, and whether it is good for her partner.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 06

6. On average, the age of first sexual intercourse in Canada is somewhere in the later teens, and the average age of first marriage is around 30. During this time, many people have multiple sexual partners. What does your text suggest are some things to think about before engaging in sexual activity?

Feedback: Answers may include some of the following: Think in advance about whether you want to be sexually active with a partner, and to what degree. Think about what's on your sexual-health wish list, including consent ("Have I clarified whether I, and my partner, actually want to do this?"), contraception ("Have I and my partner discussed, or have I personally put into place, acceptable contraceptive precautions?"), and safer sex ("The heck with taking a sexual history—if my partner or I have a sexual history, then we need to use condoms, and discuss STI screening, the limits to screening, and mutual monogamy."). Also, add to your sexual wish list sexual pleasure ("I know my partner believes that he or she is a superior lover, but I've got to figure out how to convey what I like best about what we do sexually together.") and interpersonal relationships ("Is this relationship good for me, and good for my partner?"). Also think about what you need to know—about contraception, safer sex, sexual function, sexual communication, and relationships—and where you can go to get the information you need, and then do your homework! (Good places to start are this textbook and the sexual and reproductive health website of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, sexualityAndU.ca). Also keep in mind that your thoughts on sex may differ from others' thoughts on sex. Conceptions of sex in general—and of such related topics as consent, safer sex, and the promotion of sexual health in particular—tend to differ across cultures and among individuals; it is important to be aware of such differences when you are at home and when you are travelling within North America or overseas.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 07

7. Name three perceived barriers to using male condoms and the possible resolutions to these barriers.

Feedback: Condoms decrease sexual pleasure or sensation. To resolve this, put a drop of water-based lubricant or saliva in the tip of the condom or on the glans of the penis prior to putting on the condom, try a thinner latex condom, try different brands, or try more lubrication. Condoms decrease the spontaneity of sexual activity. To resolve this, incorporate condom use during foreplay, remember that peace of mind may enhance sexual arousal and response. Using condoms is embarrassing, juvenile, and "unmanly." To resolve this, remember that being responsible is neither embarrassing nor juvenile, and that it is "manly" to protect oneself and others. Condoms don't fit well. To resolve this, try a smaller or larger condom (different sizes are readily available in many stores and health centres). Using condoms requires prompt withdrawal after ejaculation. To resolve this, remember that a sexual encounter doesn't have to end with withdrawal of the penis, and suggest low-risk post-coital activities such as caressing erogenous areas. Condoms can break, and fear of breakage may lead to loss of enjoyment. To resolve this, keep in mind that condoms generally do not break if used properly. The use of pre-lubricated condoms can help, as can the addition of a water-based lubricant if necessary. Condoms are difficult or unpleasant to use during oral or other non-penetrative sexual activity (use a non-lubricated condom for oral-penile sexual contact). To resolve this, try flavoured condoms. Cut a non-lubricated condom down the middle to form a protective sheet for oral-vulvar and oral-anal sexual contact.