Test Bank

Chapter 12: Political Crime and Terrorism

Multiple Choice

1. Distinctive belief systems, ideas, or abstract ideals, such as communism, are referred to as ______.

a. legalities

b. constructions

c. thoughts

d. ideologies

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss the role of ideology in political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ideology

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. “Political crime” is distinguished from other types of crime based on ______.

a. ideological motivation

b. international law

c. legal categorization of the offense

d. whether government officials were involved

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to the text, antiabortion activists act for ______.

a. social–political motivations

b. the dissemination of scientific beliefs

c. moral-ethical motivations

d. the advancment or religious causes

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Crime by government includes all of the following except ______.

a. violations of human rights

b. illegal demonstrations

c. constitutional privileges

d. civil liberties

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Crimes against government include all of the following except for ______.

a. protests

b. assassination

c. terrorism

d. illegal surveillance

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following acts outlawed advocating the overthrow of the government but was later struck down by the Supreme Court?

a. Smith Act

b. Voorhis Act

c. Immigration and Nationality Act

d. Espionage Act

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The Nuremberg Principle supports the view that ______.

a. counterintelligence programs are necessary to harass and disrupt legitimate political activity

b. one should disobey unjust laws when morality calls for it

c. the “end justifies the means” to serve the public utility

d. “whistelblowing” is a necessary evil to protect the general public from political corruption

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Nuremberg Principle

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Human rights is expressed in all of the following except for the ______.

a. Magna Carta

b. Declaration of Independence

c. Civil Rights Act

d. English Bill of Rights

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. One primary weakness of international law is ______.

a. disagreement over whether human rights should be a focus

b. the widespread corruption of international agencies

c. the difficulty of enforcing such laws

d. the lack of an international court

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: International Law

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which jurisdiction does political criminality fall under?

a. local

b. state

c. federal

d. international

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: International Law

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The Gestapo and KGB are examples of ______.

a. anti-terrorism commissions

b. civil rights protest groups

c. early attempts at international courts

d. secret police

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Secret Police

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which of the following is true of research on terrorism?

a. Crimes committed by government are more often studied than crimes committed against government owing to the availability of funding.

b. Crimes committed by government are more often studied than crimes committed against government because the former are so much more common than the latter.

c. Crimes committed against government are more often studied than crimes committed by government owing to the availability of funding.

d. Crimes committed against government are more often studied than crimes committed by government because the former are so much more common than the latter.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Secret Police

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The United States had provided support to past atrocities in Guatemala primarily owing to ______.

a. fear of communism

b. hatred for the Guatemalan citizens

c. the holy war waged against the West

d. Sub Rosa

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Secret Police

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. If state agents of social control wish to suppress a social movement, which of the following actions can the agents use?

a. community involvement

b. no jacketing

c. information campaigns

d. administrative harassment

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Secret Police

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which of the following regime duos are considered the least tolerant of dissent and as well as the biggest violators of human rights violations?

a. democratic and autocratic regimes

b. monarchic and democratic regimes

c. authoritarian and totalitarian regimes

d. socialist and authoritarian regimes

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Human Rights Violations

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which of the following is an example of a rogue nation?

a. Canada

b. Germany

c. Turkey

d. China

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Human Rights Violations

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. All of the following are considered basic human rights except for ______.

a. life

b. pursuit of happiness

c. equal opportunity

d. liberty

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Human Rights Violations

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Sexual mutilation is an example of ______.

a. espionage

b. genocide

c. patriarchal crime

d. raison d’etat

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Patriarchal Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. “Honor killings,” dowry deaths, and acid attacks, which are common in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, are examples of ______.

a. death camps

b. genocide

c. ideological crime

d. patriarchal crime

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Patriarchal Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. A government that engages in the mass destruction or annihilation of its population is guilty of ______.

a. espionage

b. genocide

c. patriarchal crime

d. raison d’etat

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patriarchal Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Which of the following countries are considered to be offenders who still allow honor killings?

a. Pakistan

b. Jordan

c. Egypt

d. Turkey

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Patriarchal Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The ultimate violent crime by government is known as ______.

a. filicide

b. infanticide

c. homicide

d. genocide

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genocide

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Cointelpro was an FBI counterintelligence program that ______.

a. harassed and disrupted legitimate political activity

b. intercepted communications that uncovered a terrorist plot

c. uncovered the Watergate scandal

d. was appointed by the United Nations to help enforce the Nuremberg ruling

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: COINTELPRO

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. During which of the following administrations did the Watergate scandal take place?

a. Lyndon B. Johnson

b. Richard M. Nixon

c. Ronald Reagan

d. George H. W. Bush

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Watergate

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The name of the secret organization within the Reagan White House, which was responsible for the Iran-Contra affair was ______.

a. Discovery

b. Enterprise

c. Watergate

d. Challenger

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Watergate

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Dissent and protest activities against the government are usually perceived as ______.

a. radical leftist

b. radical rightist

c. leftist

d. rightist

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Protest and Dissent

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following movements consisted of church and lay workers in the 1980s, who ran an “underground railroad” to help keep political refugees from being deported to their Central American homelands where they often faced political persecution?

a. Civil Rights

b. Sancturary

c. Black Lives Matter

d. Agrarian

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Those who refuse to serve in the military because it violates their personal, religious, or moral principles are referred to as ______.

a. radical rightists

b. political refugees

c. protestors

d. conscientious objectors

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. According to Clarke’s typology, assassins who possess an overwhelming and aggressive need for acceptance, recognition, and status, are identified as ______.

a. atypical

b. egocentric

c. insane

d. psychopathic

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assassination

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. According to Clarke’s typology, assassins who have documented histories of organic psychosis are identified as ______.

a. atypical

b. insane

c. political

d. psychopathic

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assassination

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. According to Clarke’s typology, assasins who are unable to relate to others and are considered emotional cripples who perverse rage at popular political figures are identified as ______.

a. atypical

b. insane

c. political

d. psychopathic

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assassination

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. According to Clarke’s typology, assasins who defy classifications are identified as ______.

a. atypical

b. insane

c. political

d. psychopathic

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assassination

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. SMICE is an acronym for the motives of ______.

a. assassins

b. protesters

c. spies

d. terrorists

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. According to Hagan’s typology, which of the following refers to spies who are motivated by monetary gain?

a. alienated/egocentric

b. buccaneer

c. mercenary

d. quasi-agent

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. According to Hagan’s typology, which of the following refers to spies who are motivated by psychological fulfillment?

a. buccaneer

b. compromised

c. deceived

d. ideological

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. According to Hagan’s typology, which of the following refers to spies who are often condemned as traitors in one country?

a. buccaneer

b. compromised

c. deceived

d. ideological

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. According to Hagan’s typology, which of the following refers to spies who betray for personal reasons unrelated to monetary or ideological considerations?

a. alienated

b. compromised

c. deceived

d. ideological

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. According to Hagan’s typology, which of the following refers to spies who are at-first-reluctant traitors who trade secrets either for romantic purposes or because of blackmail and coercion?

a. alienated

b. compromised

c. deceived

d. ideological

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which of the following is a characteristic of a twenty-first century spy?

a. They are more likely to be young.

b. They more than likely do not have a good education.

c. They are more likely to be naturalized citizens.

d. They more than likely do not have family or cultural ties.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Twenty-First-Century Spies

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Which of the following types of terrorism is consistent with acts “which are committed for ideological or political motives, but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state?”

a. limited political terrorism

b. lone wolves terrorism

c. quasi-terrorism

d. state-sponsored terrorism

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Definitions and Types

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Acts that are similar to terrorism, but that lack its ideological motivation, would be classified as which of the following?

a. limited political terrorism

b. nonpolitical terrorism

c. quasi-terrorism

d. state-sponsored terrorism

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Definitions and Types

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Before World War II, most terrorism consisted of ______.

a. assassinations of government officials

b. nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

c. random attack on enemy civilians

d. suicide bombings

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Brief History of Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Which of the following is consistent with Laqueur’s conclusions regarding terrorism?

a. Terrorism is a new phenomenon.

b. Most terrorists come from affluent backgrounds.

c. Terrorist groups are left-wing and revolutionary.

d. Most terrorism takes place in opposition to repressive governments.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Myths Regarding Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Which of the following was identified as a myth of terrorism?

a. Terrorism is always right wing.

b. Terrorism is not usually effective.

c. Terrorists are a weapon of the affluent.

d. Terrorists are idealists.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Myths Regarding Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Hamas is described as ______.

a. fighting to unite Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland

b. group that opposes non-Islamic governments with violence

c. preventing peace between the Israelis and Palestinians

d. Shiite fundamentalist extremists

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Terrorist Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. Sikh extremists are seeking ______.

a. independence from India

b. independence from Western influence

c. to destroy non-Islamic governments

d. to overthrow the British government

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Terrorist Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. Counterterrorism measures include all but which of the following?

a. arms and explosives controls

b. diplomatic measures

c. genocide

d. public awareness

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Terrorism and Social Policy

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Which of the following documents holds that some violations of the common law are necessary to serve public utility?

a. Magna Carta

b. Doctrine of Raison d’État

c. English Common Law

d. Declaration of Independence

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.7: Describe the common activities and justifications for political criminals.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Doctrine of Raison d’État

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Reactions to terrorism tend to be ______.

a. mild, for acts committed both by and against governments

b. mild for acts committed by governments, but harsh for acts committed against governments

c. harsh for acts committed by governments, but mild for acts committed against governments

d. harsh, for acts committed both by and against governments

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the complexity of societal reactions to political crimes and terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Societal Reaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. The theoretical explanation that helps us to understand political offenders as being socialized into their belief system by similarly minded individuals is ______ theory.

a. choice

b. deterrence

c. differential association

d. social learning

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.9: Assess how criminological theories apply to political crime and terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theory and Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

True / False

1. Politically motivated criminals are also known as convictional criminals.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss the role of ideology in political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ideology

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Facism and Christianity are examples of ideologies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.1: Discuss the role of ideology in political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ideology

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In the United States, the category of “political crime” became legally recognized as a distinguishable offense subject to prosecution in 1992.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Political crime is crime commited for ideological reasons.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. According to the “Nuremberg principle,” offenders who commit human rights violations because they are told to do so can be subject to criminal penalty.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Nuremberg Principle

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. International law lacks the authority and power to assure compliance.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: International Law

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Crimes by government are crimes or violations of human rights committed for ideological reasons by government officials or their agents.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes by Government

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Community police are domestic security police whose purpose it is to protect the existing regime from violent overthrow.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Secret Police

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes of the political left and right are the least tolerant of dissent and are thus the biggest violators.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Human Rights Violations

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Slavery is an example of patriarchal crime.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Patriarchal Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Brainwashing is a form of drastic resocialization of personality.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Search for the Manchurian Candidate

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Second only to Watergate as the worst public policy scandal in American history was the Iran–Contra conspiracy.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Watergate

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. President George H. W. Bush issued full pardons to all who had been convicted or charged with wrongdoing in the Iran–Contra affair.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Iran–Contra Conspiracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Illegal protests, demonstrations, and strikes are often associated with social movements that advocate change in the existing order.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Movements

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. In his study of assassins, Clarke expressed support for the popular assumption that all or most assassins suffer from some mental pathology.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assassination

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. SMICE is an acronym for the corporation of spies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. A buccaneer or sport spy is one who obtains monetary reward for their actions.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. A deceived spy is one who is led to believe that he or she is working for one organization when, in fact, the work is for another.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. International terrorism represents some of the worst examples of mass murder in history.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Lone wolves are terrorists who operate primarily on their own without actual membership in a terrorist organization.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definitions and Types

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Quasi-terrorism attempts to elicit fear by means of violence but is undertaken for private purposes or gain.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definitions and Types

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. All terrorists are idealists.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Myths Regarding Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Single-issue terrorists are those who use extremist tactics in support of one issue or cause.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Terrorism is a problem that needs to be solved, rather than managed.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism and Social Policy

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Terrorists often view themselves as heroic warriors for some grand cause.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism and Social Policy

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. The vast majority of terrorists are lower-class, uneducated males.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.7: Describe the common activities and justifications for political criminals.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crime Careers of Political Criminals

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. For political criminals, crime is instrumental.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.7: Describe the common activities and justifications for political criminals.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crime Careers of Political Criminals

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The raison d’état doctrine holds that some violations of the common law are necessary to serve public utility.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.7: Describe the common activities and justifications for political criminals.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Doctrine of Raison d’État

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. The more complex, urban, industrial, and interrelated the world community becomes, the easier it is for a small, fanatical minority of the left or right to disrupt, destroy, or endanger everyone.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.8: Discuss the complexity of societal reactions to political crimes and terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Societal Reaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Neither greed nor need motivates the political criminal.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.9: Assess how criminological theories apply to political crime and terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theory and Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer/Essay

1. What distinguishes political crimes from other kinds of crimes?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What is the Nuremberg principle?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Nuremberg Principle

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. List the types of political crimes committed by governments. What might be done to reduce such offenses?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes by Government

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. List two examples of war crimes.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: War Crimes

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. List two examples of crimes against humanity.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain the legal aspects of political crime and international laws regarding human rights.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against Humanity

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. List two examples of human rights violations.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Human Rights Violations

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. What is the term for crimes committed against women and children in systems of traditional male dominance and authority?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patriarchal Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. What was Operation Chaos?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.4: List examples of crimes by government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Illegal Surveillance, Disruption, and Experiments

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Identify and describe two types of assassins based on Clarke’s typology.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assassination

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What do the letters in “MICE” stand for?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. What is another name for espionage?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. What are two characteristics of the twenty-first-century spy?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Twenty-First-Century Spies

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Terrorism is a problem to be managed rather than solved. This is accomplished through counterterrorism measures. List five of these measures.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Terrorism and Social Policy

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. What is the Raison d’état (reason of state)?

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.7: Describe the common activities and justifications for political criminals.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Doctrine of Raison d’État

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Compare and constrates crimes by govenrment with crimes against govenrment.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.2: Define political crime.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Political Crime: A Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Identify and describe five categories of spies according to Hagan’s typology.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.5: List examples of crimes against government.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Espionage

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The Report of the Task Force on Disorders and Terrorism identifes a typology of terrorism. Identify and describe three of those typologies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definitions and Types

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. There are a number of myths about terrorism. Identify three myths as well as the fact that corrects the view point.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Myths Regarding Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Identify and describe three examples of terrorism, including the name of the group and their primary purpose.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.6: Discuss examples of and motivations for terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Terrorist Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What theory is best associated with political crimes? Explain your answer.

Suicide bombers who are persuaded to commit mass murder of innocent targets are often persuaded by promises of eternal bliss in the arms of Allah in paradise. The moral quagmire of political crime can be explained by the often used phrase that “one man’s terrorist is another man’s patriot.” Much traditional criminological theory does not address itself to political crime even though terrorists, tyrants, assassins, and spies have probably done more harm to society than most traditional criminals.

KEY: Learning Objective: 12.9: Assess how criminological theories apply to political crime and terrorism.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Theory and Crime

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Compare political crimes that are committed by governments with those committed against governments. How are the two alike in terms of the typical demographics of the perpetrators, motivations, and crimes themselves? How are they different?

KEY: Learning Objective: Various

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Summary

Difficulty Level: Hard