Chapter 2: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. According to the text, the social meaning of childbearing in the United States has changed dramatically over the past several decades. Which of the following statements is evidence of this change?

A. The birth rate has increased.

B. Teen pregnancy is more prevalent.

C. There are greater variations in family values.

D. Adoptions have increased.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Doman: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. A ______ contains the codes for producing particular traits and dispositions.

A. chromosome

B. gene

C. sex-linked trait

D. genotype

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.3: Recognize important mechanisms of reproductive genetics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Mechanisms

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Traits governed by ______ will only be expressed if the responsible gene is present on each chromosome of the relevant pair.

A. interactive genes

B. sex-linked genes

C. dominant genes

D. recessive genes

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.3: Recognize important mechanisms of reproductive genetics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Mechanisms

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following genes give competing and controlling messages at the same time?

A. interactive

B. sex-linked

C. dominant

D. recessive

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Mechanisms

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. U.S. federal law allows women to legally choose an abortion until the point at which the baby could survive outside the womb. This point is referred to as ______.

A. fertilization age

B. gestational age

C. fetal viability

D. zygote

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over conception and pregnancy.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Induced Abortion

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. An average pregnancy lasts how many days when calculated from gestational age?

A. 277 days

B. 280 days

C. 260 days

D. 266 days

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fetal Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. An average pregnancy lasts how many days when calculated from fertilization age?

A. 277 days

B. 280 days

C. 260 days

D. 266 days

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fetal Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following terms represents the fertilized egg?

A. embryo

B. gestation

C. zygote

D. teratogen

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fertilization and the Embryonic Period

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. A woman who has been pregnant in the past, also known as a ______, recognizes the signs of excessive fatigue and soreness in her breasts as a sign of pregnancy.

A. multigravida

B. primipara

C. pregnancy survivor

D. multipara

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Fetal Period

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Studies show that women who use doulas experience shorter labors, decreased postpartum depression, and ______.

A. less pain

B. better breastfeeding rates

C. less support from their spouse

D. better attachment to their newborns

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Who Assists Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. During the _______, the fetus is considered to be viable.

A. labor period

B. third trimester

C. second trimester

D. fetal period

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Induced Abortion

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. During the ______, fetuses experience the most rapid period of brain development.

A. labor period

B. third trimester

C. second trimester

D. fetal period

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Second Trimester

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. During the ______, women cautioned to monitor the eating of fish to avoid negative impact on the infant’s cognitive skills.

A. labor period

B. third trimester

C. second trimester

D. fetal period

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Second Trimester

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The descent of the fetus into the mother’s pelvis is considered to happen in which stage of pregnancy?

A. labor period

B. third trimester

C. second trimester

D. fetal period

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labor and Delivery of the Neonate

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Compared to 34 developed countries, the United States ranks ______ in infant mortality.

A. 1st

B. 10th

C. 25th

D. 31st

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.6: Describe the special challenges faced by premature and low-birth-weight newborns and newborns with congenital anomalies.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: At-Risk Newborns

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, and ______ are all cited risk factors for prematurity and low birth weight.

A. smoking

B. having another child

C. working while pregnant

D. lack of prenatal care

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.6: Describe the special challenges faced by premature and low-birth-weight newborns and newborns with congenital anomalies.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prematurity and Low Birth Weight

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. What are the protective factors cited during pregnancy?

A. being unemployed, family support, and prenatal care

B. obesity, taking vitamins, and family support

C. social and economic support, prenatal care, and accident prevention

D. weight maintenance, unemployment, and family support

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.8: Give examples of risk factors and protective factors in conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Risk and Protective Factors in Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following bioethical question is of concern to social workers?

A. What are the licensing requirements for a lab technician in the genetics field?

B. How will health insurance companies pay for the cost of genetic counseling and what will be the cost to society?

C. How will training on the technological advancements in the genetic field be carried out and by whom?

D. Who should have access to genetic information and will persons who are poor be economically disadvantaged in the use of genetic information?

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.3: Recognize important mechanisms of reproductive genetics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Counseling

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Fertility problems are typically attributed to females in ______ of cases and to males in ____ cases.

A. 20%; 60%

B. 33%; 33%

C. 50%; 50%

D. 60%; 20%

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over conception and pregnancy.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Infertility Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The majority (89%) of abortions performed in the United States occur during ______.

A. the first 12 weeks of pregnancy

B. weeks 20–24

C. weeks 12–16

D. weeks 32–40

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over conception and pregnancy.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Induced Abortion

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Emotional stress, obesity, and ______ are all possible causes for male infertility.

A. cervical causes

B. poor nutrition

C. excessive physical activity

D. occupation

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over contraception and pregnancy

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Infertility Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Miscarriage is the naturally occurring loss of a fetus prior to ______ weeks of gestation.

A. 20

B. 25

C. 22

D. 30

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the major stages of fetal development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Fetal Period

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Infants weighing less than 3 pounds 3 ounces are termed as ______.

A. low birth weight

B. extremely low birth weight

C. very low birth weight

D. unviable

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.6: Describe the special challenges faced by premature and low-birth-weight newborns and newborns with congenital anomalies.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prematurity and Low Birth Weight

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. ______ and ______ women have twice the infertility rate but use infertility services significantly less.

A. Adolescent and middle-aged

B. White and middle-class

C. Black and Hispanic

D. Poor and urban

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over conception and pregnancy.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Infertility Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Approximately 45% of pregnancies in the United States are unintended.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over conception and pregnancy.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Control Over Conception and Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Organized religion can influence women’s conception experience.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception and Pregnancy in Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. When working with clients, social workers should always consider the possibility of pregnancy.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.9: Apply knowledge of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Implications for Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Each parent’s cells have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.3: Recognize important mechanisms of reproductive genetics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetic Mechanisms

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. There are three categories of congenital anomalies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.6: Describe the special challenges faced by premature and low-birth-weight newborns and newborns with congenital anomalies.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Major Congenital Anomalies

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. In the United States, the social meaning of childbearing has changed rather dramatically over the past several decades.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Briefly discuss the risk factors for babies of incarcerated pregnant women.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.7: Give examples of different circumstances under which people become parents.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Incarcerated Pregnant Women

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Briefly discuss the risk factors for pregnant women with disabilities.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.7: Give examples of different circumstances under which people become parents.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pregnant Women With Disabilities

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss two of the special parent populations and the risks involved in these situations. How do these risks influence poor pregnancy and childbirth outcomes? Include in the discussion your perspective of why it is important for social workers to address concerns of these special parent populations.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.7: Give examples of different circumstances under which people become parents.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Under Different Circumstances

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Are there other “special populations” of pregnant women that come to the attention of social workers, not listed in this chapter? Pick another “special” population and describe the developmental opportunities and challenges that pregnancy poses for this group.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.7: Give examples of different circumstances under which people become parents.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Under Different Circumstances

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What are current demographic trends around pregnancy and parenthood, cited in the chapter? What do you think will be the projected demographic changes over the next 10–20 years? Why? (Citations of demographic trends throughout, projected changes).

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. What do you perceive to be the most important role of a social worker who is working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)? What ways can the social worker’s role be enhanced in the NICU to better assist families?

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.6: Describe the special challenges faced by premature and low-birth-weight newborns and newborns with congenital anomalies.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Newborn Intensive Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. What societal factors influence pregnancy and childbearing in the United States? Give specific examples.

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Thirty-one years ago, 44-year-old Hazel Gareke conceived and delivered her fifth child. Discuss the contraception options she would have today that were not available then? What personal, familial, and cultural factors might influence their use or nonuse?

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Discuss the ideas behind infertility treatment. Why is infertility a life crisis? What are some of the consequences and causes of infertility? What are some cures for infertility?

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.4: Analyze the ways that humans try to get control over conception and pregnancy.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Infertility Treatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Discuss how changing family structures and gender roles influence conception, pregnancy, and childbirth. How can family or family-like supportive structures increase favorable outcomes in conception, pregnancy, and childbirth?

KEY: Learning Objective: 2.2: Summarize some themes in the sociocultural context of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociocultural Organization of Childbearing

Difficulty Level: Hard