Exam Questions Dna Technology Chapter 11

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 11 DNA Technology

1) An organism that receives recombinant DNA

A) has a genetic disease.

B) is a transgenic organism.

C) will develop cancer.

D) is sterile.

E) is a new species.

2) In creating a transgenic organism, the ________ from one species is inserted into another species.

A) RNA

B) DNA

C) protein

D) DNA or protein

E) plasmid

3) A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.

4) Gene therapy might someday be used to treat many genetic disorders by removing faulty genes from somatic cells and replacing them with functional gene copies.

5) In cloning the sheep Dolly, a nucleus was implanted into an egg that had its nucleus removed. The result of this somatic cell nuclear transfer was a(n) ________ egg.

A) haploid

B) recombinant

C) unfertilized

D) diploid

E) tetraploid

6) The Taq ________ enzyme is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because it remains stable at high temperatures.

A) DNA polymerase

B) RNA polymerase

C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

D) primase

E) cytoskeleton

7) Which of the following is not an application of DNA technology?

A) selection of desired traits in breeding

B) detection of genetic illnesses

C) replacement of faulty copies of genes

D) production of genetically modified crops with greater nutritional value

E) determination of identity of criminals through DNA profiling

8) Genetically modified bacteria are responsible for producing

A) the amino acid phenylalanine used in the artificial sweetener aspartame.

B) human insulin to treat diabetes.

C) blood clotting factors to treat hemophilia.

D) fertility hormones for humans.

E) All answers are correct.

9) The results of DNA sequencing are used

A) to predict protein sequences.

B) to compare DNA sequences between humans.

C) to compare DNA sequences between different species.

D) to compare DNA sequences between related extinct and extant organisms.

E) All answers are correct.

10) Since its invention in the 1980s, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very common tool, because PCR

A) rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of bacterial cells.

B) rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of animal cells.

C) rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms.

D) eliminates the need for recombinant DNA.

E) reduces the size of plasmids and speeds their insertion.

11) How does DNA profiling detect genetic differences between individuals? It uses

A) short tandem repeats and other variable parts of the genome.

B) shared genetic sequences.

C) entire genomes.

D) detection of non-AGCT bases.

E) only coding regions of the genome.

12) Growth and development of a normal cell differs from a stem cell because

A) normal cells do not specialize into stem cells.

B) stem cells do not specialize into normal cells.

C) stem cells are not found in adult organisms.

D) mature stem cells do not contain DNA.

E) mature normal cells do not contain DNA.

13) How can stem cells replace faulty cells in the body?

A) Stem cells can be coaxed to differentiate into the needed specific cell type.

B) Stem cells can mitotically divide, providing more stem cells to directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.

C) Stem cells can meiotically divide, providing more stem cells to directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.

D) Faulty cells can be coaxed to differentiate into stem cells and directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.

E) Stem cells can directly serve as nerve or blood cells.

14) Stem cell technology has the potential to

A) produce any type of cell in the body.

B) replace damaged cells after an injury.

C) replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a genetic disease.

D) replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a nongenetic disease.

E) All answers are correct.

15) Cloning through DNA technology is most similar to

A) asexual reproduction.

B) sexual reproduction.

C) stem cells' replacement of faulty cells.

D) meiosis.

E) mate selection.

16) To which types of organisms can cloning technology be applied?

A) asexually reproducing organisms

B) sexually reproducing organisms

C) animals

D) prokaryotes

E) all organisms with DNA available to scientists

17) DNA technology is used to

A) copy DNA.

B) sequence DNA nucleotides.

C) search for specific sequences of DNA.

D) turn genes on and off.

E) All answers are correct.

18) An example of DNA technology is

A) transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.

B) sexual reproduction between two fish.

C) asexual reproduction in one bacterium.

D) a cat feeding upon a mouse.

E) a parasitic fungus infecting a bird.

19) DNA technology can result in

A) cloned pets.

B) removal of genetic disorders.

C) plants with an added gene that slows the rate of fruit decay.

D) detection of DNA at a crime scene.

E) All answers are correct.

20) DNA technology can be used to determine how humans are related to other living organisms.

21) What is the correct order of steps to create a transgenic organism?

A) acquire source DNA, obtain a plasmid, create recombinant DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell

B) obtain a plasmid, create recombinant DNA, acquire source DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell

C) obtain a plasmid, acquire source DNA, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell, create recombinant DNA

D) insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell, obtain a plasmid, acquire source DNA, create recombinant DNA

E) acquire source DNA, obtain a plasmid, insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell, create recombinant DNA

22) Electrophoresis is used in DNA sequencing to

A) separate the DNA fragments.

B) make copies of the DNA fragments.

C) transfer DNA between organisms.

D) remove DNA from an organism.

E) mutate DNA.

23) 98.5% of the human genome does not encode proteins.

24) All of the human genome encodes proteins.

25) Human DNA encodes

A) proteins.

B) regulatory sequences that control gene expression.

C) tRNA.

D) rRNA.

E) All answers are correct.

26) Human DNA includes

A) encoding RNA and regulatory sequences that control gene expression.

B) genes that are transcribed but not translated.

C) pseudogenes.

D) remnants of old genes from ancestors.

E) All answers are correct.

27) Growth of ________ does not include turning off genes.

A) stem cells

B) cardiac tissue

C) red blood cells

D) bacterial cells

E) All answers are correct.

28) Mitosis of a stem cell in an embryo results in ________; mitosis of a specialized cell in an embryo results in ________.

A) one stem cell and one specialized cell; two specialized cells

B) two specialized cells; one specialized cell

C) two stem cells; one stem cell

D) one stem cell and one specialized cell; two stem cells

E) two stem cells; one stem cell and one specialized cell

29) Cloning and sexual reproduction result in two genetically identical cells/organisms.

30) Cloning results in two genetically identical cells/organisms; sexual reproduction results in genetically different cells/organisms.

31) If the gene for a genetic disorder has a DNA sequence AATCGACTACCGTA, then the DNA probe has the sequence

A) AATCGACTACCGTA.

B) AAUCGACUACCGUA.

C) UUAGCUGACGGCAU.

D) TTAGCTGATGGCAT.

32) DNA probes can be used to detect the alleles for

A) cystic fibrosis.

B) hemophilia.

C) sickle cell disease.

D) Tay-Sachs syndrome.

E) All answers are correct.

33) DNA technology can be applied to prevent, detect, and treat genetic diseases.

34) Gene probes locate specific DNA sequences by

A) binding with the complementary sequence in a genome.

B) turning off genes in specialized cells.

C) creating cloned genes.

D) electrophoresis.

E) All answers are correct.

35) DNA probes are typically labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to locate within the genome after binding.

36) Which of the following is used to ensure absence of a specific genetic disorder through selection of human embryos produced by in vitro fertilization?

A) preimplantation genetic diagnosis

B) genetic testing

C) gene therapy

D) somatic cell nuclear transfer

E) genetic transformation

37) A common feature of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic testing, and gene therapy is the

A) use of DNA technology to detect or treat genetic disorders.

B) destruction of faulty DNA in the human genome.

C) replacement of faulty DNA in the human genome.

D) use of stem cells.

E) transfer of DNA from transgenic cells.

38) Which of the following is used to detect the presence of specific genetic disorders in fetuses, newborns, children, and adults?

A) somatic cell nuclear transfer

B) preimplantation genetic diagnosis

C) genetic testing

D) gene therapy

E) All answers are correct.

39) Which of the following is used to replace faulty DNA by introducing alleles that do not result in a genetic disorder?

A) gene therapy

B) somatic cell nuclear transfer

C) genetic testing

D) preimplantation genetic diagnosis

E) All answers are correct.

40) What are the possible effects of gene doping?

A) encode for new or more proteins than previously existed in the cell

B) boost the production of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production

C) make athletes better competitors

D) result in negative effects in the body

E) All answers are correct.

41) Applications of DNA technology may result in negative effects, including

A) triggering unwanted immune responses.

B) creating too much of a cellular product.

C) insertion into an incorrect location in a chromosome.

D) triggering cancer.

E) All answers are correct.

42) Which of the following is not an ethical issue surrounding the use of DNA technology in human medicine?

A) It may reduce human suffering through elimination of genetic disorders.

B) Cost may limit use to only wealthy people.

C) If no treatments exist, the knowledge may lead to depression.

D) It may result in a quest for perfection, for example, of appearance.

E) All of the choices are ethical issues.

43) Genetic testing may lead to ethical issues, such as whether results should be used to determine who receives health insurance.

44) Transgenes for herbicide resistance have been accidentally transferred from crop plants to their weedy wild relatives. 

45) Transfer of transgenes from crop plants to wild relatives can render chemicals like glyphospate ineffective.

46) An ill or injured patient may have suffered from damaged tissues that the cell cycle, including mitosis, won't naturally repair or replace. This may include damaged nerves, or skin, or muscle. A form of biotechnology that attempts to stimulate new cell divisions with application of cells that are genetically unspecialized, is 

A) stem cell research.

B) cloning.

C) preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

D) DNA profiling.

E) genetic engineering.

In 2008, a DNA technology company, Florigene, Ltd., a Japanese subsidiary from Australia, claimed the production of a genetically blue rose. This was a great success since roses have no natural gene for producing blue pigments; further, roses do have a gene that controls the destruction of blue pigment molecules. To obtain the blue color, researchers had to inject genes from pansies and other flowers to counteract the natural chemistry of the plant.

47) Florigene, the rose plant that produces blue flowers, is an example of

A) a transgenic organism.

B) a clone.

C) stem cell research.

D) applying gene therapy.

E) traditional breeding.

48) When comparing the genetic characteristics between embryonic and adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells 

A) can differentiate into any specialized cells, while adult stem cells can't.

B) can't differentiate into any specialized cells, while adult stem cells can.

C) are collected from the testes and ovaries, while adult stem cells are collected from other tissues.

D) are produced naturally in human development, while adult stem cells are from cloning.

E) There is no real genetic difference between embryonic and adult stem cells, except how they were collected.

49) A couple, both carriers of cystic fibrosis (CF) alleles, can decrease their odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles. This process is called

A) preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

B) gene therapy.

C) cloning and testing the unborn child.

D) polymerase chain reaction.

E) genetic typing.

50) If farmers use glyphosate-resistant crops, they can spray their fields with a herbicides and it will not harm the plant.

51) Superweeds result from cross pollination of

A) transgenic cultivated and noncultivated plants in the field.

B) transgenic cultivated and noncultivated plants in the laboratory.

C) two transgenic cultivated plants in the field.

D) two transgenic cultivated plants in the lab.

E) two noncultivated plants in the field.

52) The technique CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to

A) edit specific genes.

B) identify a missing person from a blood sample.

C) test if an embryo is afflicted with a genetic disorder.

D) amplify DNA sequences.

E) clone an organism from another.

53) The technique CRISPR-Cas9 has great potential because it can

A) remove a gene or add new DNA to it.

B) make a chromosome visible. 

C) turn a cell into totipotent one.

D) make an embryo of one species develop into another species.

E) make a clone of an organism.