Exam Questions Chapter.7 Memory 3rd Edition

Real World Psychology, 3e (Sanderson)

Chapter 7 Memory

1) The persistence of learning over time that is represented in the three processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval is called ________.

A) intellect

B) cognition

C) memory

D) perception

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

2) The organization and shaping of information during initial processing, storage, and retrieval of memories is a ________.

A) priming process

B) memory process

C) constructive process

D) mnemonic process

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

3) You commit the details of your high school graduation to memory, but later find out that your memory is not fully accurate concerning this event. You seem to remember very positive aspects of that evening that did not, in fact, happen. This is primarily due to the fact that memory is a(n) ________.

A) encoded process

B) flashbulb process

C) constructive process

D) mnemonic process

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

4) The three steps in memory processing are ________.

A) encoding, storage, and retrieval

B) translations, maintenance, and transmittal

C) dictation, capturing, and retrieval

D) encrypting, sensory retention, and neural processing

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

5) In a computer model of memory, ________ would happen at the keyboard, ________ on the hard drive, and ________ on the monitor.

A) retrieval; storage; encoding

B) encoding; storage; retrieval

C) storage; encoding; retrieval

D) encoding; retrieval; storage

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

6) The initial process of moving sensory information into memory storage is called ________.

A) dictation

B) encoding

C) translation

D) encrypting

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

7) With regard to memory, the process of retaining information over time is known as ________.

A) maintenance

B) encoding

C) retrieval

D) storage

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

8) With regard to memory, the process of recovering information from storage some later time is known as ________.

A) maintenance

B) encoding

C) retrieval

D) reconstruction

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

9) The notion that memory processes are performed simultaneously rather than in a step-wise sequence is the basis of the ________.

A) parallel distributed processing model

B) levels of processing model

C) information processing model

D) modal model

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

10) Which researchers are most closely associated with the levels of processing model?

A) Atkinson and Shiffrin

B) Loftus

C) Ebbinghaus

D) Craik and Lockhart

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

11) The parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of memory is also known as the ________.

A) naturism approach

B) connectionism approach

C) seriation approach

D) interactionism approach

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

12) The three storage systems included in the traditional memory model are ________.

A) sensory, perceptual, and factual

B) semantic, episodic, and long-term

C) sensory, short-term, and long-term

D) conscious, unconscious, and preconscious

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

13) In the three-stage memory model, which of the following is the correct pathway taken by information through our memory systems?

A) sensory memory—short-term memory—long-term memory

B) short-term memory—long-term memory—perceptual memory

C) sensory memory—perceptual memory—working memory

D) sensory memory—short-term memory—long-term memory—perceptual memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

14) According to the three-stage memory model, information must first enter ________ memory, and transfer to ________ memory, and then to ________ memory to be retained over time.

A) sensory; short-term; permanent

B) short-term; sensory; long-term

C) sensory; short-term; long-term

D) working; short-term; permanent

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

15) The stage of memory in which a visual image or auditory information of an external experience is held briefly until it can be further processed is called ________.

A) perceptual memory

B) short-term memory

C) sensory memory

D) working memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

16) Which of these is characterized by information that lasts for a few seconds or less and a large but not unlimited storage capacity?

A) perceptual processing

B) short-term storage

C) working memory

D) sensory memory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

17) In sensory memory, the approximate duration of a visual image is about ________, and the approximate duration of auditory echoic memory is up to ________.

A) 1/2 second; 4 seconds

B) 1 second; 1 minute

C) several seconds; 1/4 second

D) 1/2 minute; 4 minutes

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

18) Selma can recall what her friend Toni said to her a few seconds ago about going shopping together even though Selma was busy sending an email to her boss. What type of memory is Selma using?

A) distributed memory

B) phonosonic memory

C) eidetic memory

D) echoic memory

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

19) Lucy glanced at the phone number displayed at her phone while she was talking to a friend but did not recognize it. When she tried later to search for it to find out who was calling her, she found she couldn't remember it. This suggests that the number was only briefly stored in her ________.

A) lingering memory

B) interim memory

C) echoic memory

D) iconic memory

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

20) Being able to accurately recall a tone for a split second after the tone has stopped demonstrates the functioning of ________.

A) faulty memory

B) overactive memory

C) echoic memory

D) iconic memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

21) Sensory memory is small in its ________ but relatively large in its ________.

A) capacity; duration

B) duration; capacity

C) purpose; capacity

D) purpose; duration

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

22) Sensory memory for visual stimuli is referred to as ________.

A) echoic memory

B) iconic memory

C) long-term memory

D) constructive memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

23) Which type of memory lasts the shortest period of time?

A) echoic

B) iconic

C) short-term

D) working

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

24) In the sensory memory experiment conducted by George Sperling, how many letters, on average, were people able to recall out of 12 letters?

A) 1 to 2

B) 2 to 4

C) 4 to 5

D) 5 to 7

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking

APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy

25) In the traditional memory model, the memory system that stores sensory information while judging the importance of that information is called ________.

A) sensory memory

B) short-term memory

C) long-term memory

D) higher-order memory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

26) Which of the following is best describes short-term memory?

A) It has a relatively large capacity.

B) Its capacity is limited to 5 to 9 bits of information.

C) It maintains information for a few minutes or less.

D) It receives information only from sensory memory.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

27) Which of the following best describes the process of chunking?

A) Anna listens to her mother's grocery list and, in her mind, she groups all the fruits together, then all the vegetables so she can easily remember what to get at the store.

B) Anna listens to her mother's grocery list and then repeats the items aloud over and over again while driving to the store.

C) Anna listens to her mother's grocery list and memorizes each item on the list in order.

D) Anna listens to her mother's grocery list and creates an image in her head of each item, so she can easily remember what to get at the store.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

28) The duration of short-term memory is ________.

A) infinite

B) no more than 1 to 2 seconds

C) about 30 seconds

D) about 10 seconds

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

29) The process of repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory is called ________.

A) a phonological loop

B) mnemonic memory

C) a reverberating circuit

D) maintenance rehearsal

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

30) Maintenance rehearsal allows us to keep information longer in which memory system?

A) short-term

B) long-term

C) echoic

D) iconic

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

31) Celia wants to remember the name of her roommate's sister who is visiting this weekend, and so Celia repeats the sister's name over and over again. Which method is Celia using?

A) mnemonics

B) a reverberating circuit

C) maintenance rehearsal

D) selective attention

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

32) The tools used during active processing in short-term memory include ________.

A) selective attention, chunking, and declarative memory

B) chunking, maintenance rehearsal, and encoding

C) consolidation, selective attention, and explicit memory

D) both declarative memory and explicit memory

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

33) You can extend the duration of short-term memory through ________ and the capacity of short-term memory through ________.

A) maintenance rehearsal; chunking

B) elaborative rehearsal; maintenance rehearsal

C) chunking; maintenance rehearsal

D) chunking; elaborative rehearsal

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

34) Football experts looking at a playbook have an advantage over non-experts because the experts tend to use which strategy?

A) maintenance rehearsal

B) chunking

C) constructive processing

D) selective attention

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

35) The part of the three-stage model that would be used during maintenance rehearsal is ________.

A) sensory memory

B) short-term memory

C) long-term memory

D) explicit memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

36) All of our conscious thinking takes place in ________.

A) sensory memory

B) working memory

C) long-term memory

D) iconic memory

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

37) In which proposed component of working memory are we believed to create and store information like sights, spatial layouts, and pictures?

A) the phonological loop

B) the declarative store

C) the central executive

D) the visuospatial sketchpad

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

38) Which of these is the part of working memory that coordinates the various other aspects of the system, as well as helping to move information to long term memory storage?

A) central executive

B) phonological loop

C) visuospatial sketchpad

D) elaborative link

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

39) Of the three memory stages, ________ memory has the greatest capacity and ________ memory has the longest duration.

A) sensory; long-term

B) long-term; long-term

C) short-term; long-term

D) long-term; sensory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

40) Which memory stage stores an almost limitless amount of information for a relatively permanent time?

A) long-term memory

B) short-term memory

C) iconic memory

D) working memory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

41) The two major divisions of long-term memory, each of which can be further subdivided, are ________.

A) explicit and declarative memory

B) semantic and episodic memory

C) implicit and nondeclarative memory

D) explicit and implicit memory

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

42) What is the subsystem within long-term memory that consciously stores facts, information, and personal life experiences?

A) explicit/declarative memory

B) nondeclarative memory

C) iconic memory

D) implicit memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

43) The term for the general knowledge of what you have learned so far in this course is ________.

A) nondeclarative memory

B) implicit memory

C) semantic memory

D) episodic memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

44) Knowledge of facts and the relationships among those facts is called ________ memory, whereas knowledge of one's own personal experiences is called ________ memory.

A) informative; autobiographical

B) factual; landmark

C) semantic; episodic

D) acquired; innate

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

45) Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

A) remembering that Freud is considered the father of psychology

B) your friend remembering your age on your last birthday

C) memorizing the sports scores from this week's newspaper

D) recalling the first time you went on a date

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

46) The memory subsystem that stores unconscious procedural skills, simple classically conditioned responses, and priming is called ________.

A) primary/unconscious memory

B) Freudian unconscious memory

C) implicit/nondeclarative memory

D) nonverbal unconscious memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

47) The information stored in implicit/nondeclarative memory may have been learned ________.

A) intentionally

B) through repetition

C) through classical conditioning

D) consciously

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

48) Tying your shoes every day before you go to class or your job most likely requires the use of your ________.

A) episodic memory

B) procedural memory

C) implicit memory

D) semantic memory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

49) Tomas bought a new red sports car last week; this week, he notices dozens of this same car on the road to work every day. Which of the following terms describes what Tomas is experiencing?

A) priming

B) unconscious coding

C) primary processing

D) declarative memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

50) In which type of long-term memory would you find Little Albert's memory of being classically conditioned to fear a rat?

A) semantic

B) episodic

C) declarative

D) implicit

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

51) Which of the following provides organization for long-term memory?

A) parallel processing

B) rehearsal

C) hierarchies

D) massed practice

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

52) Which of these is an encoding technique linking new information to previously stored material in long-term memory?

A) elaborative rehearsal

B) shallow processing

C) maintenance rehearsal

D) hierarchical encoding

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

53) The immediate goal of elaborative rehearsal is to ________, not to ________ new information.

A) recall; recognize

B) memorize; understand

C) understand; memorize

D) recognize; recall

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

54) Using which of these to achieve deeper levels of processing enables you to improve long-term memory?

A) elaborative rehearsal

B) episodic processing

C) semantic processing

D) priming

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

55) Nanette highlights the margin definitions of terms in her psychology textbook; Nathan thinks about how each term applies to his own life or to other concepts in the chapter. Nathan is more likely to recall and use the terms better on an essay exam because ________.

A) he used dual-coding and Nanette did not

B) he used cognitive recall and Nanette did not

C) he used maintenance rehearsal and Nanette did not

D) he processed the terms at a deeper level than did Nanette

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

56) Chidi goes to his history class and takes notes long-hand, using a pen and paper. Tahani sits in the same class, but takes her notes using a laptop computer. Chidi is more likely to have success on the upcoming exam because ________.

A) he used dual-coding and Tahani did not

B) he used cognitive recall and Tahani did not

C) he used maintenance rehearsal and Tahani did not

D) he processed the terms at a deeper level than did Tahani

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

57) Accessing stored memories and bringing them into short-term memory is called ________.

A) encoding

B) fetching

C) retrieval

D) remembering

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

58) What is a prompt or stimulus that aids bringing to mind a stored piece of information from long-term memory called?

A) specificity code

B) priming pump

C) retrieval cue

D) flashbulb stimulus

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

59) In answering this question, which of these may serve for bringing to mind accurate information from your long-term memory?

A) specificity code

B) priming pump

C) retrieval cue

D) flashbulb stimulus

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

60) An essay test requires the use of which of these, because you must use very general, nonspecific retrieval cues to search the contents of your long-term memory?

A) the encoding-specificity principle

B) recall

C) recognition

D) semantics

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

61) Recognition is the process of ________.

A) retrieving a memory using a specific cue

B) matching the way information is encoded and later retrieved in LTM

C) using a general cue to search the contents of STM

D) stimulating the recall and retrieval of information in STM

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

62) Generally speaking, ________ is easier than ________ in tests of memory.

A) recall; recognition

B) recognition; recall

C) recognition; recitation

D) recitation; recall

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

63) If no one in the class remembers what part of the brain is involved with vision so the professor provides the first letter to the correct answer, the professor is ________.

A) helping with encoding

B) priming the pump

C) providing a retrieval cue

D) using a flashbulb stimulus

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

64) The encoding specificity principle states that information retrieval is improved when ________.

A) both maintenance and elaborative rehearsal are used

B) reverberating circuits consolidate information

C) conditions of recall are similar to encoding conditions

D) long-term potentiation is accessed

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

65) If you study in an environment that keeps you relaxed but alert, the encoding specificity principle suggests you will do best when tested if you ________.

A) use cognitive recall techniques

B) use cognitive retrieval techniques

C) study your notes just before the test and don't talk to anyone

D) get adequate rest the night before, and breathe deeply but focus during the test

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

66) According to the encoding specificity hypothesis, for the best retrieval of information, it would be best to study for your psychology final exam ________.

A) in the same room that the exam is being held

B) in a group

C) while listening to music

D) while lying on your bed relaxed

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

67) Specific mnemonic strategies compiled from memory research include ________.

A) massed practice, shaping, and priming

B) massed practice, distributed practice, and outlines

C) method of loci, outline organization, and acronyms

D) acronyms, chunking, and didactic memory

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

68) Which devices improve memory by helping the user encode items in a special way?

A) eidetic imagery

B) mnemonic

C) reverberating circuit

D) ECS

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

69) The method of loci, outlines, and acronyms are all examples of ________.

A) didactic memory

B) mnemonic devices

C) eidetic imagery

D) photographic memories

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

70) Stefan is studying and needs to remember the pathway for vision, so he imagines walking into his house, noting the cornea peephole in the door, and a pupil seated in the kitchen hands him a lens as he enters the bedroom where a retinal blanket has pictures of rods and cones. This is an example of ________.

A) acronyms

B) the method of word association

C) the tagging technique

D) the method of loci

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

71) The name "Roy G. Biv" is one way to remember the colors of the light spectrum. This is an example of ________.

A) an acronym

B) the peg-word system

C) the substitute word system

D) name association

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

72) Ebbinghaus found that he could remember ________ of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning the list perfectly, ________ a day later, and ________ a week later.

A) a small amount; more; even more

B) about half; fewer; even fewer

C) almost all; almost all; hardly any

D) about half; about half; about half

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

73) According to Ebbinghaus, relearning of information takes ________.

A) more time than initial learning

B) less time than initial learning

C) the same amount of time than initial learning

D) varied times depending on environmental influences

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

74) The forgetting curve research of Ebbinghaus used which of the following as subjects?

A) his children

B) his students

C) Ebbinghaus himself

D) his siblings

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking

APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy

75) Which theory suggests that memories are stored in a physical form, and they can deteriorate over time?

A) moratorium

B) biological forgetting

C) decay

D) cognitive loss

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

76) Which theory suggests that we forget things because other information is blocking its storage or retrieval?

A) recall

B) proactive forgetting

C) blockage

D) interference

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

77) When new information interferes with the recall of old information, it is called ________.

A) novel interference

B) retroactive interference

C) forward-acting interference

D) proactive interference

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

78) You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of ________.

A) semantic interference

B) episodic interference

C) proactive interference

D) retroactive interference

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

79) When old information obstructs the recall of new information, it is called ________.

A) prior interference

B) anterograde interference

C) proactive interference

D) retroactive interference

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

80) When Eric calls his new girlfriend by his old girlfriend's name, this is an example of ________.

A) proactive interference

B) retroactive interference

C) retrograde amnesia

D) anterograde amnesia

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

81) Which theory suggests that people block memories that are unpleasant or anxiety-producing, either consciously or unconsciously?

A) blockage

B) interference

C) motivated forgetting

D) defensiveness

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

82) If tests make you anxious and you forgot there was a test today, then Freud might suggest you did so because of ________.

A) proactive interference

B) unconscious resistance

C) passive aggressiveness

D) motivated forgetting

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

83) Encoding failure is likely due to ________.

A) a problem with overloading STM

B) a failure of sensory memory to engage

C) momentary inaccessibility of the information

D) a deficit of adequate transfer of information to LTM

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

84) If you never intended to memorize a piece of music and you forget many of the notes in the song, this is an example of ________.

A) decay

B) encoding failure

C) retroactive forgetting

D) retrieval failure

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

85) Which theory suggests that forgetting is due to a momentary inability to recall permanently stored information?

A) decay

B) selective forgetting

C) retroactive forgetting

D) retrieval failure

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

86) According to retrieval failure theory, memories stored in long-term memory are ________.

A) not really forgotten

B) frequently inaccessible

C) lost once they are transferred to the unconscious

D) forgotten rather than repressed

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

87) A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing something, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it, is called ________.

A) reintegration

B) regressed repression

C) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

D) state-dependent forgetting

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

88) Which of the following is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

A) Paul said "oaks" instead of "oops."

B) Simon wrote a song, but just couldn't recall the words at the moment.

C) Art remembered the name of his new neighbor, forgot it, then recalled it again.

D) Peter can remember all the lyrics to a song he hasn't heard in 25 years.

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

89) When misleading information distorts our memory of a previous experience after that event occurred, which of the following has occurred?

A) the sleeper effect

B) source amnesia

C) the misinformation effect

D) the serial position effect

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

90) The serial position effect suggests that people will remember ________ items better than ________ items on a list.

A) middle and end; beginning

B) beginning and end; middle

C) beginning; middle or end

D) end; middle or beginning

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

91) When taking an exam, students often do better with items taken from the first and last of the chapters covered by the exam. This demonstrates ________.

A) the superiority of distributed practice

B) source amnesia

C) the encoding specificity effect

D) the serial position effect

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

92) According to the serial position effect, to increase the chance that you will be remembered by your host when introduced at a crowded party, you should try to be introduced ________.

A) first

B) in the middle

C) last

D) either first or last

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

93) The fact that we tend to remember the items at the beginning of a list is referred to as ________.

A) the recency effect

B) the primacy effect

C) the misinformation effect

D) encoding failure

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

94) The fact that we tend to remember the items at the end of a list is referred to as ________.

A) the recency effect

B) the primacy effect

C) the misinformation effect

D) encoding failure

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

95) Forgetting the actual origin of a previously stored memory is called ________.

A) retrograde amnesia

B) proactive interference

C) anterograde amnesia

D) source amnesia

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

96) Distributed practice is a learning technique in which ________.

A) subjects are distributed across equal study sessions

B) studying or learning is broken up into short sessions over time

C) learning decays faster than it can be distributed

D) students study together, distributing subjects according to individual strengths

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

97) When you study in long, unbroken intervals of time, you are engaging in ________.

A) massed practice

B) distributed practice

C) long-term potentiation

D) the Ebbinghaus principle

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

98) Cramming all night before an important exam is another term for ________.

A) serial studying

B) buddy studying

C) massed practice

D) priming

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

99) Students who study for a test in long, unbroken intervals are engaged in ________, and are likely to perform ________ on that test.

A) mass review; better

B) review; perfectly

C) extended review; better

D) massed practice; poorly

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

100) The long-lasting increase in neural sensitivity during learning is called ________.

A) maintenance rehearsal

B) adrenaline activation

C) long-term potentiation

D) the reverberating response

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

101) Long-term potentiation is a result of ________.

A) repeated stimulation that builds more synapses and receptor sites

B) an increase in the number of vestibular connections with other neurons

C) an increase in emotional arousal

D) focused attention on neural pathways

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

102) One factor that may lead to long-term potentiation is an increase in ________.

A) the release of hormones

B) the number of vestibular connections with other neurons

C) the release of neurotransmitters

D) electrical activity in a specific area of the brain

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

103) Both sea slugs learning to withdraw their gills when squirted with water and research with "smart mice" support the concept of ________.

A) maintenance rehearsal

B) adrenaline activation

C) long-term potentiation

D) the reverberating response

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

104) Stress may exert an influence of memory because of the effects of which of the following on the amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex?

A) epinephrine and cortisol

B) serotonin and dopamine

C) testosterone and estrogens

D) endorphins and enkephalins

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

105) Research finds that in varying circumstances, hormones ________.

A) increase memory

B) interfere with memory

C) can either increase or interfere with memory

D) are unrelated to memory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

106) A vivid memory of circumstances associated with strongly emotional or surprising events that triggers hormone release is called ________.

A) a photographic memory

B) a flashbulb memory

C) an Eidetic memory

D) the Zeigarnik effect

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

107) A flashbulb memory is one in which ________.

A) you have to rely on semantic recall to be able to retrieve details

B) your memory is triggered by a visual cue

C) cognitive cues direct specific recall

D) vivid images are associated with a surprising or strongly emotional event

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

108) A person's vivid and nearly-permanent memory of the day their mother was in a severe car accident is an example of ________.

A) the encoding specificity principle

B) long-term potentiation

C) latent learning

D) a flashbulb memory

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

109) The accuracy of flashbulb memories for specific details is generally ________.

A) very low

B) fairly high

C) almost perfect

D) varied, depending on circumstances

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

110) Memory tends to be ________.

A) localized in the brain

B) distributed throughout the brain

C) both localized and distributed throughout the brain

D) located only in the cortex

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

111) Emotional memories are importantly affected by the ________.

A) basal ganglia and cerebellum

B) amygdala

C) thalamus

D) cortex

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

112) Creation and storage of the basic memory trace and implicit memories such as simple classically conditioned responses importantly affected by the ________.

A) basal ganglia and cerebellum

B) amygdala

C) thalamus

D) cortex

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

113) Explicit/declarative long-term memory, implicit/nondeclarative long-term memory, and the sequencing of events are importantly affected by the ________.

A) hippocampal formation

B) amygdala

C) thalamus

D) cortex

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

114) Skills such as encoding of explicit memories, storage of episodic and semantic memories, and implicit/nondeclarative retrieval are importantly affected by the ________.

A) basal ganglia and cerebellum

B) amygdala

C) thalamus

D) cerebral cortex

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

115) Working and spatial memory are closely associated with the ________.

A) basal ganglia and cerebellum

B) amygdala

C) thalamus

D) cerebral cortex

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

116) One of the leading causes of memory loss between the ages of 15 and 25 is ________.

A) traumatic brain injury

B) prion disease

C) drug use

D) drug overdose

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

117) Which lobes typically take the heaviest hit in a traumatic brain injury?

A) frontal and parietal lobes

B) temporal lobe and occipital lobes

C) occipital and parietal lobes

D) frontal and temporal lobes

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

118) Loss of memory as a result of brain injury or trauma is called ________.

A) morbid forgetting

B) retrieval failure

C) amnesia

D) Alzheimer's disease

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

119) Loss of memory for events prior to some sort of brain injury is called ________.

A) Alzheimer's amnesia

B) retrograde amnesia

C) anterograde amnesia

D) retroactive amnesia

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

120) The process that changes the brain in a fixed and stable way and establishes events in long- term memory is called ________.

A) aggregation

B) impaction

C) consolidation

D) fixing

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

121) Anterograde amnesia is the inability to ________.

A) form new memories after an injury

B) recall old memories after an injury

C) remember daily living information such as where you live after an injury

D) recall details such as the color of your friend's eyes after an injury

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

122) Tonya was involved in a car accident and had a traumatic brain injury. She was able to remember the events leading up to the accident in detail, but remembers nothing thereafter, including her trip to the hospital, until she was assessed in trauma. Assuming she never lost consciousness and was interacting with emergency personnel, this is most consistent with ________.

A) retroactive amnesia

B) proactive amnesia

C) anterograde amnesia

D) retrograde amnesia

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

123) If you cannot remember the events that led up to the motorcycle accident that injured your brain, then you are experiencing ________.

A) retroactive amnesia

B) anterograde amnesia

C) retrograde amnesia

D) proactive amnesia

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

124) Which type of amnesia is rather rare but typically permanent?

A) retrograde

B) anterograde

C) proactive

D) retroactive

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

125) A progressive mental deterioration characterized by severe memory loss that occurs most commonly in old age is called ________.

A) benign senescence

B) brain injury

C) Alzheimer's disease

D) age-related amnesia

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

126) Positron emission tomography (PET) scans of patients with Alzheimer's disease suggest they have a loss of function in the ________.

A) temporal lobe

B) parietal lobe

C) temporal and parietal lobes

D) entire cerebral cortex

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

127) One of the main effects of Alzheimer's disease is an extreme decrease in ________.

A) memory for procedural tasks

B) implicit/nondeclarative memory

C) explicit/declarative memory

D) simple classically conditioned responses

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

128) Brain autopsies of patients with Alzheimer's disease typically show unusual ________.

A) plaques and tumors

B) tangles and aneurysms

C) tumors and aneurysms

D) tangles and plaques

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

129) Similar to the brain filling in missing information from the blind spot, our memories fill in information in our need for ________.

A) understanding

B) self-esteem

C) self-efficacy

D) logic and consistency

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

130) According to research, eyewitnesses generally report how much confidence in the accuracy of their memories?

A) very little

B) moderate

C) inconsistent

D) high

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking

APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy

131) Researchers have demonstrated that it is ________.

A) relatively easy to create false memories

B) moderately difficult to create false memories

C) rarely possible to create false memories

D) impossible to create false memories

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking

APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy

132) If you erroneously recall reading the word "sleep" on a list of words like "snooze, nap, rest, wake, doze," you are probably ________.

A) suffering from the sleeper effect

B) experiencing anterograde amnesia

C) constructing a false memory

D) simply overly tired

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

133) According to some, which type of memories are related to anxiety-provoking thoughts or events that are prevented from reaching consciousness?

A) suppressed

B) flashback

C) motivated

D) repressed

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

134) Although the defense mechanism of repression is widely accepted as possible in psychology, the concept of repressed memories of which of the following is widely questioned?

A) painful experiences

B) positive experiences

C) eyewitness experiences

D) flashback experiences

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

135) Yu-Wai just met a woman to whom he feels attracted. He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. Yu-Wai is using ________ to keep this woman's name in ________ memory.

A) mnemonics; long-term memory

B) a reverberating circuit; sensory memory

C) maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory

D) selective attention; short-term memory

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

136) To measure Anita's retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall and recite the poetry was recorded. This is an example of ________.

A) a recall ratio

B) relearning

C) reintegration

D) reorganization

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

137) Ralph fell through the floor of his tree house and found himself in the hospital. He has no memory of being transported to the hospital although he was conscious the entire time, and only recalls finding himself in a hospital bed This suggests he is experiencing ________.

A) retroactive amnesia

B) proactive amnesia

C) anterograde amnesia

D) retrograde amnesia

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

138) According to the ________ model of memory, the more attention we pay to a stimulus and the more deeply we consider it, the better we will construct a memory trace and be able to retrieve it at a future point.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

139) A process of recycling information in short-term memory to keep it from fading away (or decaying) is called ________ rehearsal.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

140) John used to own a Sony television, but recently it quit working. He replaced it with a bigger, and better television made by Panasonic. He knew the Sony remote control so well that he didn't have to look at the buttons when he pushed them, and now he constantly pushes the wrong button because he still uses the Sony remote control memories. This is an example of ________ interference.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

141) A form of long-term brain injury that impairs memory as well as other psychological functions is called ________, and it is commonly seen in professional and nonprofessional athletes.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

142) Which expert in eyewitness testimony and false memories was deeply affected at the age of 14 years by the drowning death of her own mother?

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

143) Describe the encoding, storage, and retrieval approach to memory, using a computer analogy.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

144) Describe the three storage systems in the traditional model of memory, and explain how the purpose, duration, and capacity of each system differ. Illustrate your answer with an example of how each system contributed to a specific memory from your recent past.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

145) Describe the subsystems of long-term memory storage, illustrating each with a personal example.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

146) Describe how you can use the principles of organization and rehearsal to improve both short-term and long-term memory; illustrate your answer with examples.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

147) Describe the retrieval process, focusing on retrieval cues, recognition, recall, and the encoding specificity principle, illustrating each with a personal example.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

148) Summarize how you can use the following concepts to improve your study habits and exam scores: elaborative rehearsal, retrieval cues, and organization.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

149) Identify at least two different mnemonic devices and give an example of how each might be used to help you remember what you studied for this psychology exam.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.1 The Nature of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

150) Describe each of the following five theories of forgetting, and include examples to illustrate each one: decay theory, interference theory, motivated forgetting, encoding failure, and retrieval failure theory.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

151) Describe the factors involved in forgetting (such as the serial position effect, source amnesia, the misinformation effect, the sleeper effect) and give an example of how each can distort the accuracy of our memories.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 7.2 Forgetting

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

152) Describe the two major biological causes (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease) of memory loss. What is the origin of each of these memory problems?

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.3 Biological Bases of Memory

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

153) Summarize the research and its implications or consequences for eyewitness testimony and repressed memories.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 7.4 Memory Distortions and Improvement

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking

APA: LO 2.2 Demonstrate psychology information literacy

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