Ch.8 Thinking, Language, And Intelligence Test Bank Docx

Real World Psychology, 3e (Sanderson)

Chapter 8 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

1) The mental activities involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using knowledge are collectively known as ________.

A) perception

B) cognition

C) consciousness

D) awareness

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

2) Taking in information and mentally acting on it is ________.

A) thinking

B) remembering

C) judging

D) problem solving

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

3) Which area of the brain plays a major role in associating complex ideas, making plans, allocating attention, making decisions, and supporting multitasking?

A) the limbic system

B) the prefrontal cortex

C) the cerebellum

D) Broca's and Wernicke's areas

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

4) Mental representations of previously stored sensory experiences are called mental ________.

A) illusions

B) psychoses

C) images

D) propositions

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

5) A mental representation of a group or category whose members shares similar characteristics is called a(n) ________.

A) map

B) image

C) concept

D) idea

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

6) Which of the following are examples of concrete concepts?

A) reading and writing

B) pride and prejudice

C) orange and blue

D) books and tools

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

7) Which of these are examples of abstract concepts?

A) honesty, intelligence, love

B) cars, trucks, motorcycles

C) blue, green, red

D) people, places, things

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

8) Which of these are essential to thinking and communication because they simplify and organize information?

A) maps

B) images

C) concepts

D) ideas

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

9) A representation of the "best" example that embodies the most typical features of a concept or category is called a(n) ________.

A) exemplar

B) hierarchy

C) prototype

D) attribute

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

10) Based on most people's prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?

A) an orange

B) an apple

C) grapes

D) an avocado

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

11) An artificial or formal concept arises from ________.

A) the natural world or environment

B) hypothesis testing and prototypes

C) mental images or prototypes

D) logical rules or definitions

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

12) When you group subcategories within broader concepts or categories, you are creating ________.

A) conceptual categories

B) superordinate categories

C) hierarchies

D) natural concepts

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

13) When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn which concept first?

A) higher-order

B) basic-level

C) superordinate

D) subordinate

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

14) When shown a picture of a poodle we will most likely first classify it in the middle of the conceptual hierarchy, as a(n) ________.

A) animal

B) dog

C) mammal

D) highbred

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

15) Which of the following words would a child tend to learn first?

A) parakeet

B) bird

C) animal

D) mammal

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

16) Which of the following is an example of a higher-order concept?

A) animal

B) bird

C) fish

D) parakeet

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

17) Which of the following is an example of a basic-level concept?

A) mammal

B) cat

C) tabby

D) whiskers

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

18) Which of the following is an example of a lower-order concept?

A) animal

B) fish

C) water

D) salmon

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

19) If you are designing a complex and novel experiment and are coming up with possible ways to control for extraneous variables, you are engaging in the process of ________.

A) hierarchies

B) problem solving

C) artificial concepts

D) mental set

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

20) When you are defining an ultimate goal, outlining your limits and/or desires, and separating the negotiable from non-negotiable, you are in which stage of problem solving?

A) production

B) preparation

C) distributed practice

D) attribution

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

21) Which of the following best demonstrates what you should do in the preparation stage if you want a new car?

A) Ask friends where they got their cars and make a list of dealers to visit.

B) Choose a color, make, and model, then log onto the Internet to locate a dealer who has one like this.

C) Determine how much money you can spend and whether your goal is to have reliable transportation or to impress friends.

D) Review which car gives you the best deal for the money.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

22) During the production stage of problem solving, you should generate ________.

A) possible solutions

B) relevant facts

C) irrelevant facts

D) your ultimate goal(s)

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

23) In figuring out all the ways that you can come up with the money you need to buy the used car you saw advertised in the newspaper, you are working in which stage of problem-solving?

A) algorithm

B) evaluation

C) preparation

D) production

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

24) If a college class is engaged in small-group generation of possible solutions for helping low-income families get the counseling they need, then this class is in which stage of problem-solving?

A) brainstorming

B) preparation

C) production

D) evaluation

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

25) The correct sequences of the steps to problem solving are ________.

A) evaluation, preparation, production

B) preparation, production, evaluation

C) production, evaluation. preparation

D) evaluation, production, preparation

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

26) The final stage in problem solving is called the ________.

A) application stage

B) ultimate stage

C) evaluation stage

D) resolution stage

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

27) Dr. Stewart is a foot surgeon who has a regular procedure for critiquing the results of his surgeries. He reviews the case of his patient and asks himself if the surgical outcome matches the goal that was set before the operation. What stage of problem-solving is this?

A) brainstorming

B) preparation

C) production

D) evaluation

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

28) Which of the following is a logical step-by-step procedure that, if followed correctly, will eventually solve a problem?

A) algorithm

B) heuristic

C) problem-solving set

D) brainstorming

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

29) Algorithm is to problem solving as ________.

A) recipe is to cake

B) shoes are to feet

C) inductive is to deductive

D) syntax is to grammar

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Analysis

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

30) When trying to solve a math problem, Anna realizes that the rule "add 2 to each side of the equation, then multiply by 3" is what is needed. Anna has discovered which of the following to solve this problem?

A) an algorithm

B) a heuristic

C) a goal

D) a subgoal

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

31) Working backwards is an example of a(n) ________.

A) mnemonic device

B) algorithmic solution

C) heuristic

D) problem-solving set

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

32) Simple rules or educated guesses used in problem solving that do not guarantee a solution but offer a likely shortcut to it are called ________.

A) algorithms

B) inductions

C) heuristics

D) perceptual sets

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

33) When confronted with a problem, persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past rather than new ones is called ________.

A) mental rigidity

B) a mental set

C) functional rigidity

D) a functional set

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

34) A fixed thinking approach to problem solving that only sees solutions that have previously proven to be successful is called ________.

A) mental rigidity

B) a mental set

C) functional rigidity

D) a functional set

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

35) The tendency to think of an object being used only in its usual or customary way is called ________.

A) unnecessary constraints

B) algorithmic processing

C) functional fixedness

D) a mental set

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

36) An interior designer uses the frame of a car to create a child's bed. This is an example of ________.

A) defining the problem

B) breaking a mental set

C) overcoming functional fixedness

D) the successful use of an algorithm

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

37) Elise wants to get an apple off of a tree but she only has a baseball bat with her, rather than a ladder or stepstool. She does not think to use the bat to gently knock a few apples off of the tree. The fact that Elise believes that the baseball bat can be used only to play baseball is an example of ________.

A) functional rigidity

B) problem-solving fixedness

C) functional fixedness

D) preparedness

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

38) When you use a knife as a screwdriver, you have ________.

A) overcome functional fixedness

B) discovered a prototype

C) created a barrier to problem solving

D) used an algorithm

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

39) What is the term for the tendency to seek out and pay attention only to information that validates preexisting beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence?

A) confirmation bias

B) fundamental fixation

C) a mental set

D) a conceptual bias

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

40) During naturalistic observation research, you focused only on information that supported your hypothesis; later research proved that your hypothesis was incorrect. What type of bias did you exhibit?

A) availability

B) functional fixedness

C) confirmation

D) representativeness heuristic

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

41) Judging the likelihood or probability of events based on the information that is readily accessible in our memories is known as the ________.

A) representativeness heuristic

B) availability heuristic

C) prototype heuristic

D) functional heuristic

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

42) Misjudging your risk of dying in an airplane crash because you just watched 24-hour coverage of one is most related to the ________.

A) availability heuristic

B) immediacy heuristic

C) confirmation heuristic

D) primacy heuristic

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

43) James was walking near a dog park when he saw what he thought was a rather large, short, oddly colored dog being walked on a leash. It took him a moment to realize that he was not looking at a dog but at a pot-bellied pig. James has fallen prey to the ________.

A) probability heuristic

B) representativeness heuristic

C) confirmation heuristic

D) convergence heuristic

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

44) Estimating the probability of something based on how well the circumstances match your prototype for that event or object is called ________.

A) functional fixedness

B) the availability heuristic

C) the representativeness heuristic

D) a mental set

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

45) Elise sees an older woman setting on the ground outside a building and assumes that she must be begging for money as many others do in that area. As it happens, the woman had become dizzy and was sitting until she safely regained her balance. Elise likely used which of the following in making her judgment?

A) a mental set

B) acalculia

C) the availability heuristic

D) the representativeness heuristic

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

46) If you guess that a slender young woman who is soft-spoken and athletic is a ballet dancer, rather than a CEO of a Fortune-500 company, then you used which of the following in your judgment of her?

A) a mental set

B) confirmation bias

C) the availability heuristic

D) the representativeness heuristic

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

47) The ability to produce original, appropriate, and valued outcomes in a novel way is called ________.

A) problem solving

B) incubation

C) functional flexibility

D) creativity

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

48) Creative thinking is related to ________.

A) fluency, flexibility, and originality

B) genetics, environmental reinforcement, and lack of punishment

C) convergent, divergent, and nonfunctional thinking

D) personality, motivation, and intellectual ability

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

49) Which of the following are two of the three characteristics of creativity that are noted in the textbook?

A) originality and intelligence

B) intelligence and fluency

C) flexibility and intelligence

D) flexibility and originality

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

50) Seeing unique or different solutions to a problem is known as ________.

A) creativity

B) innovativeness

C) originality

D) thinking outside of the box

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

51) Regarding creativity, the word "fluency" means being able to ________.

A) discuss your ideas openly and easily

B) avoid a mental set

C) successfully avoid functional fixedness

D) generate a large number of possible solutions

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

52) Shifting with ease from one type of problem-solving strategy to another is called ________.

A) flexibility

B) versatility

C) originality

D) open-mindedness

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

53) Katya has come up with 10 ways to use a screwdriver other than for tightening screws. This is an example of ________.

A) flexibility

B) fluency

C) originality

D) problem-solving

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

54) When Don gets stuck in traffic, he decides to take an alternative route to the mall. What aspect of creative thinking is this?

A) flexibility

B) fluency

C) originality

D) problem-solving

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

55) Thinking that produces many alternative ideas from a single starting point is called ________.

A) flexible

B) divergent

C) convergent

D) individual

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

56) Which of the following items would most likely appear on a test measuring creativity?

A) How long is the Ohio River?

B) What are the primary colors?

C) What are seven different uses for a frying pan?

D) Who was the first governor of New York?

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

57) What form of communication has rules for the use of sounds and symbols?

A) language

B) speech

C) prose

D) poetry

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

58) Which of the following is the most basic sound unit of human speech?

A) morphemes

B) morphine

C) phonemes

D) pragmatics

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

59) The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a ________.

A) morpheme

B) phoneme

C) word

D) letter

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

60) The set of rules that governs the use and structure of language is called ________.

A) syntax

B) pragmatics

C) semantics

D) grammar

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

61) The "a" sound in the word "answer" is an example of a ________.

A) morpheme

B) grammar

C) phoneme

D) pragmatic

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

62) The root "accept" in the word "unacceptable" is an example of ________.

A) a morpheme

B) grammar

C) a phoneme

D) pragmatics

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

63) The sound for /ng/ is called ________, whereas the suffix "ing" is called ________.

A) syntax; grammar

B) grammar; syntax

C) a phoneme; a morpheme

D) a morpheme; a phoneme

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

64) The word "blanket" has ________.

A) the same number of phonemes and morphemes

B) more morphemes than phonemes

C) more phonemes than morphemes

D) a variable number of phonemes and morphemes, depending on how the word is used

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

65) The set of rules that specify how to arrange words and phrases in a sentence to convey meaning is called ________.

A) grammar

B) syntax

C) functional fixedness

D) surface structure

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

66) A toddler makes the following erroneous statement: "park can go now we." This demonstrates an error in ________.

A) syntax

B) semantics

C) morphemes

D) prefixes

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

67) Which one of the following phrases illustrates improper use of semantics?

A) a screaming bouquet of flowers

B) the hustle and bustle of a busy street

C) every student's worst nightmare

D) three coins in a fountain

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

68) The fact that the word "compass" has multiple definitions refers to the idea of ________.

A) syntax

B) semantics

C) morphemes

D) prefixes

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

69) Broca's area is responsible for ________.

A) language comprehension

B) speech generation

C) movement

D) balance

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

70) Wernicke's area is responsible for ________.

A) language comprehension

B) speech generation

C) movement

D) balance

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

71) According to Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, ________.

A) the people in some cultures are more intelligent than others

B) language determines how we perceive and categorize the world

C) our perceptions determine our words

D) meaning is relative

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

72) Current thinking regarding Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that ________.

A) language determines thought

B) thought determines language

C) language influences thought

D) thought influences language

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

73) By five years of age, most children ________.

A) have mastered all the rules of grammar

B) can use about 5000 words properly

C) have mastered basic grammar and can use about 2,000 words.

D) can use proper grammar about 50% of the time

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

74) The production of vowel/consonant combinations at 4 to 6 months is called ________.

A) babbling

B) cooing

C) vocalization

D) basic communication

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

75) A child just beginning to produce vowel sounds would be exemplifying ________, and a child emitting all the sounds of human speech would be exemplifying ________.

A) vocalizing; cooing

B) cooing; babbling

C) babbling; cooing

D) vocalizing; babbling

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

76) The first stage of verbal communication in the newborn is characterized by ________.

A) a reflexive crying response to any cause of tension

B) separate cries for hunger and pain, and cooing for pleasure

C) separate cries for hunger, anger, and wet diapers

D) a reflexive crying that becomes more purposeful for hunger, anger, and pain.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

77) Cooing refers to the production of ________.

A) three distinguishable cries for hunger, anger, and pain

B) vowel sounds

C) consonant and vowel sounds

D) sounds used only in the child's native language

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

78) Infants enter the second stage of verbal communication at about ________ of age with the understanding that ________.

A) 18 months; "dada" means daddy

B) 12 months; "mama" means mommy

C) 12 months; sounds are related to meaning

D) 18 months; consonants and vowels produce words

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

79) The misuse of words to include objects that don't fit a word's meaning is called ________.

A) overgeneralization

B) underutilization

C) overextension

D) overutilization

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

80) A child who calls any man with a moustache "daddy" is demonstrating the error of ________.

A) overgeneralization

B) overextension

C) oversimplification

D) overcategorization

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

81) Multi-word sentences that contain only the most necessary words and omit connecting words are called ________.

A) telegraphic speech

B) simplistic speech

C) babbling

D) telescoped communication

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

82) Which of the following is the best example of telegraphic speech?

A) "No sit there"

B) "Baba" for baby

C) "Daddy"

D) "Mama"

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

83) Applying the basic rules of grammar to cases that are exceptions to the rules is called ________.

A) overgeneralization

B) underutilization

C) overextension

D) overutilization

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

84) Children make errors like "mouses" and "goed" versus "mice" and "went" because they ________.

A) ignore the rules of grammar

B) haven't learned the rules of grammar

C) overextend the rules of grammar

D) overgeneralize the rules of grammar

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

85) A child who is 2.5 years of age would probably demonstrate which of the following in their attempts to use language?

A) cooing and babbling

B) overgeneralization and overextension

C) one-word utterances and telegraphic speech

D) overgeneralization and telegraphic speech

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

86) Chomsky believes we possess an inborn brain capacity to analyze language known as ________.

A) telegraphic understanding device (TUD)

B) language acquisition device (LAD)

C) language and grammar translator (LGT)

D) overgeneralized neural net (ONN)

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains

87) The idea of the language acquisition device supports the role of which perspective in language development?

A) nativist

B) nurturist

C) social-cognitive

D) Gestalt

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains

88) According to your text, human language differs from communication of nonhuman animals in that human language is ________.

A) used more creatively to express subtle thoughts and ideas

B) the expression of an innate capacity

C) essential for thought

D) composed of sounds

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

89) According to some theorists, nonhuman language may be a result of ________.

A) classical conditioning

B) operant conditioning

C) modeling and imitation

D) observational learning

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

90) Intelligence stresses the capacity to ________.

A) perform in school and on the job to a level that matches one's same-aged peers or equally-placed colleagues

B) read, write, and make computations with and without the aid of technology

C) perform verbally and physically in a number of different contexts

D) think rationally, act purposefully, profit from experience, and deal effectively with the environment

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

91) The g factor originally proposed by Charles Spearman refers to ________.

A) skill in the use of language as a tool for thought

B) general intelligence

C) the ability to adapt to the environment

D) the type of intelligence we call "common sense"

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

92) Which of the following is correct?

A) Thurstone believed intelligence refers to general mental abilities.

B) Spearman stated that intelligence has seven primary mental abilities.

C) Guilford stated that the structure of intelligence is influenced by up to 120 factors.

D) Cattell developed the theory of multiple intelligences.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

93) Cattell proposed that there were two subtypes of general intelligence, which are ________.

A) verbal and numerical

B) verbal and visual

C) fluid and crystallized

D) mental and physical

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

94) Which type of intelligence is biologically determined, independent of education and experience?

A) g

B) gf

C) go

D) fc

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

95) Which type of intelligence is relatively independent of education and; includes reasoning, memory, and speed of processing?

A) crystallized

B) fluid

C) practical

D) informational

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

96) The knowledge and skills gained through experience and education that increase over a lifetime are collectively referred to as ________.

A) fluid intelligence

B) crystallized intelligence

C) verbal knowledge

D) wisdom

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

97) Physicians, teachers, musicians, and politicians often continue to work well into old age largely due to ________.

A) age-related ego inflation

B) the hot-air factor

C) crystallized intelligence (gc)

D) their own bull-headedness

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

98) The first IQ test to be used widely in the United States was the ________.

A) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

B) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

D) Binet-Terman Intelligence Scale

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

99) Which of the following skills was measured on the original Stanford-Binet intelligence test?

A) copying geometric designs

B) analogies

C) sentence completion

D) reading comprehension

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

100) An intelligence quotient (IQ), as calculated on the original Stanford-Binet test, was ________.

A) mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

B) determined by the number of intelligences a person has

C) determined by a person's age and education

D) chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

101) The most widely used intelligence test is the ________.

A) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

B) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

D) Binet-Terman Intelligence Scale

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

102) About what percentage of of children score within 15 points above or below the national average, which is 100 points?

A) 95

B) 70

C) 50

D) 33

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

103) What percentage of people have an IQ score higher than 115?

A) 68

B) 16

C) 50

D) 32

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

104) Which of the following is one of the index scores produced by the WAIS?

A) verbal comprehension

B) perceptual acuity

C) long-term memory

D) physical strength

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

105) The establishment of norms (averages) in order to assess what is representative of the general population is part of the process of ________.

A) establishing reliability

B) validation

C) standardization

D) identifying biases

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

106) The development of set procedures for administering and scoring a test is called ________.

A) norming

B) standardization

C) procedural protocol

D) normalization

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

107) Average scores developed by giving the test to a representative sample are called ________.

A) standardization curves

B) means

C) norms

D) patterns

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

108) Which of the following is a measure of the consistency and stability of test scores when administered at different times?

A) reliability

B) validity

C) standardization

D) normalization

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

109) The test-retest and split-half methods are used to determine a test's ________.

A) standardization curve

B) validity

C) reliability

D) normalization

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

110) What is an indication of a test's ability to measure what it is designed to measure?

A) validity

B) standardization

C) reliability

D) normalization

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

111) If a test has a high level of criterion-related validity, then its scores will be useful in ________.

A) predicting how the test taker would perform on a different test of similar skills

B) establishing a standardization curve

C) determining a person's genetic capacity for the behavior that was tested

D) establishing specific cognitive traits

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

112) According to the textbook, the most important type of validity is ________.

A) standardization validity

B) test validity

C) criterion-related validity

D) reliability-related validity

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

113) If a test is standardized and reliable, what conclusions can you make about its validity?

A) The test is probably valid.

B) The test is probably invalid.

C) The test may be valid for some people but not for others.

D) You cannot determine validity from reliability or standardization.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

114) The term intellectual disability applies to an individual with a score significantly below average on a standard IQ test and significant deficits in ________.

A) language

B) performance skills

C) adaptive functioning

D) processing speed

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

115) Only about ________% of the general population has intellectual disability, and, of that number, only ________ have moderate to profound disabilities.

A) 5%; 1%

B) 3%; 15%

C) 3%; 1%

D) 5%; 15%

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

116) The causes of intellectual disabilities are ________.

A) limited to genetic abnormalities

B) based on parental predispositions

C) often unknown

D) unrelated to prenatal exposure to drugs

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

117) People with limited mental abilities who demonstrate exceptional ability in specific areas may be diagnosed with ________.

A) savant syndrome

B) Asperger's syndrome

C) autistic syndrome

D) intellectual genius syndrome

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

118) Which of the following is true of mentally gifted people, compared to people with average intellectual abilities?

A) They have fewer suicides.

B) They have a lower incidence of alcoholism.

C) They are more likely to become successful professionals.

D) They are more likely to be divorced.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

119) How is brain size correlated with intelligence in humans?

A) negatively

B) positively

C) highly

D) not correlated

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

120) Which area in Einstein's brain was 15% larger than the same area in other people?

A) mathematical and spatial processing

B) verbal

C) somatosensory

D) prefrontal cortex

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

121) Researchers in the Minnesota twin study found that genetic factors played what sort of role in IQ scores of identical twins reared apart?

A) a very small

B) a moderate

C) a large

D) virtually no

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

122) Who is likely to be more similar in intelligence?

A) siblings reared together

B) fraternal twins reared together

C) identical twins reared apart

D) identical twins reared together

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

123) Ethnic group differences in IQ scores can be due to ________.

A) familial characteristics and socioeconomic differences

B) environmental factors and cultural biases in IQ tests

C) cultural biases in IQ tests and familial characteristics

D) familial characteristics and environmental biases

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

124) Which of these is a psychological predicament in which a person experiences doubt about his or her performance due to negative beliefs about his or her group's ability?

A) the Bell Curve effect

B) the Flynn effect

C) a stereotype threat

D) the self-fulfilling prophecy

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

125) The term disidentify in the area of stereotype threat refers to the idea of ________.

A) individuals belonging to a minority group no longer identifying with the group

B) individuals telling themselves that they do not care about their test scores

C) feelings of anxiety around their own group

D) reduced motivation to makes friends from different cultural backgrounds

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

126) The idea that people differ in their "profiles of intelligence," showing a unique pattern of strengths and weaknesses, is related to ________.

A) Guilford's 120-factor model of intelligence

B) Thurston's triarchic theory of successful intelligence

C) Cattell's two-factor theory of intelligence

D) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

127) Which theory states that intelligence is composed of analytic, creative, and practical intelligence?

A) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

B) Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence

C) Thurstone's theory of distinct mental abilities

D) Guilford's theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

128) Which of the following did Robert Sternberg emphasize in his triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) the process underlying thinking rather than product

B) separation of mental abilities from real-life situations

C) kinesthetic abilities

D) people differ in their profiles of intelligence

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

129) Persons who work as engineers, architects, and pilots may be high in which type of intelligence?

A) fluid

B) linguistic

C) spatial

D) naturalistic

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

130) Persons who work as sales managers, therapists, and teachers may be high in which type of intelligence?

A) interpersonal

B) intrapersonal

C) crystallized

D) linguistic

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

131) A biologist might be ranked as being high in what type of intelligence?

A) naturalistic

B) kinesthetic

C) linguistic

D) intrapersonal

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

132) Emotional intelligence was popularized by which researcher, even though it was originally conceived of by others?

A) Sternberg

B) Salovey

C) Gardner

D) Goleman

Diff: 1

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

133) Your "problem" is that you want a new car. Which of the following BEST demonstrates what you should do in the preparation stage for this problem?

A) Ask friends where they got their cars, make a list of dealers to visit.

B) Choose a color, make, and model then log-on to the Internet to locate a dealer who has one like this.

C) Determine how much money you can spend, and whether your goal is to have reliable transportation or to make an impression on others.

D) Ask your parents to buy you a car for your birthday.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

134) To the delight of her parents, Kara has just begun to produce vowel sounds known as ________, while Farina is delighting her parents by emitting all the sounds of human speech, which is called ________.

A) vocalizing; cooing

B) cooing; babbling

C) babbling; cooing

D) vocalizing; babbling

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

135) Less than ________ of the general population is classified as having an intellectual disability and, of that number, only ________ have profound intellectual disabilities.

A) 5%; 3-4%

B) 3%; 1-2%

C) 2%; 3-4%

D) 2%; 3-5%

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

136) While sitting and waiting for an important job interview, Stuart looks down and notice that the hem of his slacks has come undone and his pants are loosely hanging to the floor. He's very embarrassed, and in a moment of panic takes the receptionist's stapler and staples his pants back in place. Later he has a tailor repair the hem. Stuart has overcome ________ by using the stapler in such an unusual and creative way.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

137) Pamela does not believe that we are born with any innate tendency to develop language. Instead, she feels that language is developed based on imitation and conditioning. Pamela advocates for the ________ position in language development.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

138) According to Raymond Cattell, ________ intelligence tends to increase as we age, while ________ does not.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

139) Studies have found that ________, which affects more than 113 million children worldwide, can impair a child's intellectual development, curiosity, and motivation for learning.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

140) With each generation in society, the overall intelligence scores of the population seems to increase. This is called the ________ effect, and it may be due to a number of environmental factors.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

141) Define cognition, thinking, and concepts, and describe the three strategies for learning concepts, illustrating your answer with examples.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

142) Use the following problem to list and illustrate each of the three steps in problem solving. Describe how the five problem-solving barriers might or might not affect your ability to solve this problem. "Imagine that you are running late for a job interview and you spill coffee on the front of your only clean shirt just before you walk out the door. It is important to make a good first impression with the panel who will be interviewing you. What should you do?"

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.1 Thinking

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

143) Define and illustrate of each of the following building blocks of language: phonemes, morphemes, grammar, and syntax.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

144) Imagine that you have just had a baby who will follow normal developmental milestones. Name your baby, and describe his or her language development from birth through age 5.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

145) Discuss the idea of Chomsky's language acquisition device and the nature/nurture debate surrounding it.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.2 Language

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

146) Contrast Spearman's, Thurston's, and Cattell's concepts of intelligence, and illustrate the differences between fluid and crystallized intelligence.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

147) Contrast Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences with Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. State which theory you think better explains intelligence, and justify your choice.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Analysis

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

148) Discuss intelligence testing in terms of standardization, reliability, and validity.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.3 Intelligence

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

149) Describe biological, genetic, and environmental influences on intelligence.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Conceptual

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

150) Discuss the role of stereotype threat and how it might endanger the performance of minority groups on measures of intelligence.

Diff: 3

Bloom's: Application

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology

151) List and describe the different levels of severity with regard to intellectual disability, and note the proportions of each that would be seen among those who are afflicted with these challenges.

Diff: 2

Bloom's: Knowledge

Section Reference: 8.4 Intelligence Controversies

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Instructors who are authorized users of this course are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the course. Except as permitted herein or by law, no part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise.