Ch.9 Life Span Development Complete Test Bank - Test Bank | Real World Psychology 3e by Catherine A. Sanderson. DOCX document preview.
Real World Psychology, 3e (Sanderson)
Chapter 9 Life Span Development
1) The study of age-related behavior and mental processes from conception to death is called ________.
A) thanatology
B) neo-gerontology
C) developmental psychology
D) longitudinal psychology
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
2) Which of the following is true about developmental psychology?
A) It examines maturation, early experiences, and various stages of development.
B) It uses a theoretical approach that suggests that nature is more important than nurture in development.
C) It avoids controversial issues by focusing only on what can be proven through research.
D) It exclusively examines the mental growth of children's development.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
3) Which of the following is a major area of theoretical discussion within the field of developmental psychology?
A) nature or tabula rasa
B) stability or change
C) young or old
D) early stages or later stages
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
4) Jasmine believes that personality is a trait that can change over time, whereas Silvis believes that once personality is established in childhood it is fixed for the rest of one's life. What issue of developmental psychology does this difference address?
A) nature or nurture
B) stability or change
C) young or old
D) continuity or stages
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
5) Development governed by automatic, genetically predetermined signals is called ________.
A) nurture
B) natural progression
C) maturation
D) tabula rasa
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
6) The fact that we crawl before we walk and walk before we can run are examples of ________.
A) the tabula rasa
B) maturation
C) critical periods
D) an interactionist perspective
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
7) A period of special sensitivity to specific types of learning that shape the capacity for future development is called a ________.
A) maturation period
B) critical period
C) specificity stage
D) tabula rasa stage
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
8) The fact that imprinting occurs within the first few minutes of life demonstrates the importance of ________.
A) maturation
B) a critical period
C) the tabula rasa
D) nurture
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
9) What would a naturist say about Tiger Woods's achievements in golf? "His achievements are primarily due to ________."
A) gradual and steady improvement
B) his innate athletic abilities
C) the support from his father
D) learning from the best teachers
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
10) Assad and Juana believe it is important to reinforce their baby's curiosity and attempt to interact with her verbally. Assad and Juana believe that which of these is the major contributor to their child's development?
A) nurture
B) sensation training
C) nature
D) maturation
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
11) Dr. Johan tends to believe in the ________ model of development, which says that changes occur at a relatively regular pace. Dr. Ziback tends to believe in the ________ model, which says that there are periods of rapid and abrupt change separated by periods of very little change.
A) nurturing; natural
B) uniform; stop-start
C) continuity; stage
D) stage; continuity
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
12) The story of Genie, who is sometimes referred to as a "wild child," stresses the fact that there is an important role for which of the following in language development?
A) maturation
B) critical periods
C) stages
D) continuity
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
13) Psychologists who emphasize stability believe that personal characteristics ________.
A) are steady and unwavering over a person's life span
B) vary considerably over a person's life span
C) may vary considerably and some characteristics remain stable in most individuals
D) for some people they are nearly all quite stable, and for other people they vary considerably
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
14) ________ research studies several different groups of individuals at various ages at a single point in time, and provide information regarding ________.
A) Longitudinal; age differences
B) Cross-sectional; age differences
C) Longitudinal; age changes
D) Cross-sectional; age changes
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
15) The ________ method of developmental data collection follows one person (or a single group of people) over time, and provides information about ________.
A) longitudinal; age changes
B) cross-sectional; age changes
C) cohort; age differences
D) longitudinal; age differences
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
16) If a psychologist wanted to compare 6-year-old and 10-year-old children on recognition memory performance at one point in time, the psychologist would use which method of data collection?
A) cross-sectional
B) naturalistic observation
C) longitudinal
D) cross-sequential
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
17) If a psychologist is interested in studying the stability of IQ scores over time, she should use which method of data collection?
A) test-retest
B) longitudinal
C) case history
D) cross-sectional
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
18) Differences in age groups that reflect factors or histories unique to a specific group of same-aged peers are called ________.
A) generational effects
B) social environmental effects
C) operational effects
D) cohort effects
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
19) A major problem found in cross-sectional research is the existence of which type of effects, which are caused by differences in the histories of different age groups?
A) sequential
B) cohort
C) objective
D) longitudinal
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
20) ________ studies are the most time-efficient method, whereas ________ studies provide the most in-depth information per participant.
A) Correlational; experimental
B) Fast-track; follow-up
C) Cross-sectional; longitudinal
D) Cohort-sequential; cohort-intensive
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Analysis
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
21) Which of the following is an advantage of the cross-sectional approach to conducting research in human development?
A) It provides quick information about age differences.
B) It provides information about age changes.
C) It typically includes a smaller sample size.
D) It increases confidence in results.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Evaluation
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
22) Which one of the following is an advantage of the longitudinal approach to conducting research in human development?
A) It provides quick information about age differences.
B) It is quick and less expensive.
C) It offers more information about age-related changes.
D) Its participants tend to stay and complete the whole study.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Evaluation
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
23) Modern researchers sometimes use a method to study human development that combines which two methods?
A) cohort and interactionist
B) maturation and cross-sectional
C) cohort and longitudinal
D) longitudinal and cross-sectional
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
24) A threadlike molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid is called a(n) ________.
A) DNA strand
B) chromosome
C) telomere
D) gene
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
25) Which of the following options is the smallest unit of heredity?
A) a gene
B) a chromosome
C) a strand of DNA
D) a strand of RNA
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
26) Jayla wants to understand how heredity interacts with environment to produce given actions or mental processes. She is probably a student of ________.
A) teratology
B) behavioral neuroscience
C) epigenetology
D) behavior genetics
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
27) At conception you were a single cell barely 1/175 of an inch in diameter, called a(n) ________.
A) fetus
B) embryo
C) zygote
D) ovum
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
28) Which of these connects the fetus to the mother's uterus?
A) fallopian tube
B) ovary
C) placenta
D) cervix
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
29) Which period is the first stage of prenatal development (from conception to implantation in the uterus) that involves the first two weeks of pregnancy?
A) embryonic
B) fetal
C) critical
D) germinal
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
30) The correct order of the stages of pregnancy is ________.
A) fetal period, germinal period, embryonic period
B) germinal period, fetal period, embryonic period
C) germinal period, embryonic period, fetal period
D) embryonic period, fetal period, germinal period
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
31) The germinal period, which is the first of the prenatal stages, ________.
A) is about 4 weeks in duration
B) is when the fetus begins to develop
C) is the time when development of major organs takes place
D) begins at fertilization and ends with implantation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
32) The major body organs and systems begin to develop during which period of pregnancy?
A) embryonic
B) fetal
C) zygotic
D) germinal
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
33) The fetal period lasts from ________.
A) conception to birth
B) implantation to birth
C) implantation to 8 weeks
D) 8 weeks to birth
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
34) Fertilization usually occurs in the ________.
A) vagina
B) fallopian tube
C) uterus
D) ovum
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
35) The critical period for development, when exposure to disease prenatally can have the most devastating effects, is ________.
A) at around 8 months
B) during the first 2 weeks
C) during the first 3 months
D) after 6 months
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
36) Which of the following is TRUE regarding a father's contribution to the health of the fetus?
A) Fathers can transmit genetically heritable diseases.
B) Sperm damaged by alcohol and other environmental toxins cannot fertilize an egg.
C) The placental barrier will protect a fetus whose mother is exposed to the father's smoking.
D) Only fathers can transmit infectious diseases.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
37) Teratogens are ________.
A) DNA fragments that can cause birth defects
B) environmental agents that can cause birth defects
C) recessive genes that can cause birth defects
D) dominant genes that can cause birth defects
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
38) The use of which of the following during pregnancy is most associated with premature birth, low birth-weight infants, and fetal death?
A) nicotine
B) caffeine
C) aspirin
D) antibiotics
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
39) Jeremy was born with facial abnormalities and stunted growth, and is showing signs of delayed motor development, and suffers from intellectual disability. Jeremy is most likely suffering from ________.
A) DNA syndrome
B) genetic abnormalities
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) prenatal exposure to nicotine
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
40) Exposure to X-rays during prenatal development is known to lead to several potential effects, including ________.
A) cancer
B) hyperactivity
C) inhibition of bone growth
D) deafness
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
41) Exposure to excessive stress during prenatal development can increase the risk for ________.
A) intellectual disability
B) deafness
C) low birth weight
D) spina bifida
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
42) Ephraim has decided not to have his daughter immunized during childhood. "All of the other kids are going to receive vaccinations, so there is no reason for us to take that risk for her," he says. Ephraim is banking on the protection of ________.
A) aggregated immunity
B) collective immunity
C) herd immunity
D) nomothetic immunity
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
43) For what activity was Andrew Wakefield stripped of his medical license?
A) Falsifying research data suggesting that the MMR vaccine causes autism.
B) Plagiarizing the work of Piaget and suggesting that it was a new theory of cognitive development.
C) Developing the medication thalidomide to help pregnant women, only to later find out that it caused terrible birth defects.
D) Telling women in China that they were pregnant with daughters so that they would opt for abortions, even when they were having sons.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
44) At birth, an infant's head is ________ its body's size, whereas in adulthood, the head is ________ its body's size.
A) 1/3; 1/4
B) 1/3; 1/10
C) 1/4; 1/10
D) 1/4; 1/8
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
45) Synaptic pruning refers to a ________.
A) decrease in myelinated synapses
B) decrease in the gap between neurons due to dendrite enlargement
C) reduction of axons
D) reduction of unused synapses
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
46) Which of the following is TRUE regarding brain development?
A) The weight of an infant's brain is 1/2 that of an adult's and reaches full adult weight by age 16.
B) The number of neurons in the infant brain at birth is about one-eighth the number in the adult brain.
C) Synaptic connections between neurons strengthen and dendritic connections become more elaborate.
D) Myelination peaks at age 12.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
47) The first motor movements a newborn exhibits are ________.
A) instinctive
B) innate and voluntary
C) involuntary reflexes caused by stimulation
D) voluntary reflexes caused by stimulation
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
48) Tamara's baby is a newborn and the baby's first motor movements are ________.
A) bowel movements
B) voluntary imitations
C) facial expressions
D) reflexes
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
49) Angela's baby, Justin,recently learned to sit up on his own without support and without falling over. How many months old is Justin most likely to be?
A) 2
B) 5.5
C) 10
D) 17.5
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
50) Lei-lei is developing at an average rate and she is starting to walk unassisted. About how old is Lei-lei?
A) 5.5 months
B) 10 months
C) 1 year
D) 2 years
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
51) Which of the following sensory systems is rather poorly developed at birth?
A) smell
B) taste
C) vision
D) touch
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
52) Regarding an infant's sensory and perceptual development, which of the following would you expect?
A) vision to be 20/20 at birth
B) sense of touch and pain to be highly developed at birth
C) no special recognition or preference for either breast milk or formula.
D) very acute sense of hearing the slightest sound that can keep the infant awake
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
53) Infant vision reaches 20/20 normal adult vision by ________.
A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 years
D) 4 years
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
54) The biological changes that occur during adolescence and lead to sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce are collectively called ________.
A) perimenopause
B) pre-pubescence
C) puberty
D) the adolescent climacteric
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
55) The period of development that occurs during the years between childhood and adulthood is called ________.
A) puberty
B) identity
C) autonomy
D) adolescence
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
56) Floyd and Fiona are fraternal twins. With regard to adolescent growth spurts, you can predict that ________.
A) Floyd will be the same height as Fiona until around age 19 in late adolescence
B) Fiona will be taller than Floyd between the ages of 10 and 14
C) Floyd will be taller than Fiona between the ages of 10 and 14
D) Fiona will be taller than Floyd until around age 19 in late adolescence
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
57) ________ is the onset of menstruation in females; ________ is the first ejaculation in males.
A) Premenstrual syndrome; emission
B) Primary menorrhea; expulsion
C) Menses; premature ejaculation
D) Menarche; spermarche
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
58) Research finds that puberty is triggered by changes in the brain, including the release of certain hormones during ________.
A) moments of learning
B) physical activity
C) mealtimes and periods of consumption
D) deep sleep
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
59) Pubic hair, development of breasts, facial hair, and deepening of the voice are called ________.
A) signs of adolescence
B) sexual maturation
C) secondary sex characteristics
D) masculine and feminine attributes
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
60) Which of the following is an example of a primary sex characteristic?
A) development of ovaries
B) growth of pubic hair
C) development of breasts
D) deepening of the voice
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
61) Which of the following is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics?
A) thyroid gland
B) pituitary gland
C) hippocampus
D) amygdala
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
62) At what age do the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex typically reach full maturity?
A) teenage years
B) mid-20s
C) between 30 and 40 years
D) not until well into our older years
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
63) The period of development between about 18 and 25 years in which individuals in modern culture shave left the dependency of childhood but have not yet assumed adult responsibilities is called ________.
A) developing adulthood
B) transitional adulthood
C) temporary adulthood
D) emerging adulthood
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
64) Which of the following is CORRECT regarding menopause?
A) It is associated with gradual memory loss.
B) It typically begins in the mid- to late-30s.
C) It is the result of decreases in estrogen production.
D) It is associated with severe mood swings and loss of sexual interest.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
65) Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the male climacteric?
A) Men experience an increased testosterone and decreased sperm production as they age.
B) Men may experience a decline in sexual responsiveness as they age.
C) Men may become calmer and more sedentary.
D) Men experience marked weight gain and loss of muscle strength at this time.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
66) Stanley is 68 years old and is in dreadful health. He has high blood pressure, is morbidly obese, suffers from high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, and has emphysema from years of cigarette smoking. Stanley is suffering from the effects of ________.
A) primary aging
B) secondary aging
C) tertiary aging
D) peripheral aging
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
67) The cellular clock theory of aging suggests that human cells have a finite time period before which structures get so short that they can no longer divide?
A) heterosomes
B) autosomes
C) telomeres
D) choleraces
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
68) According to the cellular clock theory, the tips of chromosomes can only divide how many times?
A) 25
B) 100
C) 250
D) 500
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
69) Gertrude is the envy of her community She is 119 years of age, and there is going to be a massive party for her 120th birthday next month. All of the local businesses have donated goods to make it a true gala event. Gertrude is approaching the ________.
A) Hayflick limit
B) Vygotsky limit
C) Schtulman limit
D) Flynn limit
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
70) The manager at the Acme company hired Tom, a 30-year-old man with the same qualifications as Alex, a 55-year-old applicant because the manager was concerned that Alex might have health problems that would lead him to take too much time off. This is an example of ________.
A) sexism
B) social norms
C) ageism
D) independent hiring practices
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
71) One of the first scientists to find that a child's cognitive processes are fundamentally different from those of an adult was ________.
A) Baumrind
B) Beck
C) Piaget
D) Elkind
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
72) Cognitive frameworks, or "blueprints," formed through interactions with objects or events are called ________.
A) data points
B) thoughts
C) schemas
D) concepts
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
73) A child believes that any object that flies is a bird based on a past experience that the "birdie is in the sky." He now calls airplanes and hot air balloons "birdies." This would be an example of ________.
A) accommodation
B) assimilation
C) priming
D) equilibration
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
74) Assimilation occurs when new information is ________.
A) adjusted
B) modified
C) absorbed into existing schemas
D) absorbed into new schemas
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
75) Accommodation occurs when new information ________.
A) is used "as is"
B) fits into an existing schema
C) results in adjusting old or creating new schemas
D) is taken in and used
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
76) ________ occurs when existing schemas are used to interpret new information, whereas ________ involves changes and adaptations of the schemas.
A) Reversibility; adaptation
B) Adaptation; reversibility
C) Accommodation; assimilation
D) Assimilation; accommodation
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
77) If a child refers to a pig as a "doggie," that child is ________.
A) encompassing the pig into an existing cognitive structure
B) assimilating the pig into an existing cognitive structure
C) operationalizing the pig into an existing cognitive structure
D) accommodating the pig into an existing cognitive structure
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
78) When a child learns that a truck is different from a car, even though both have four wheels and a metal body, which of these has occurred?
A) an adaptation
B) accommodation
C) an association
D) assimilation
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
79) When a typist changes from a conventional typewriter to a word processor, his typing schema will have to incorporate the new techniques needed for the new equipment. This is called ________.
A) assimilation
B) differentiation
C) accommodation
D) recapitulation
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
80) In the first few weeks of life, schemas are primarily ________.
A) reflexive
B) cognitive
C) perceptual
D) developmental
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
81) The correct order of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development model is ________.
A) assimilation, accommodation, adaptation, and association
B) sensory, motor, operational, and abstract
C) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
D) sensorimotor, precognitive, operational, and abstract operational
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
82) Object permanence is associated with Piaget's ________.
A) sensorimotor stage
B) preoperational stage
C) formal operational stage
D) concrete operational stage
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
83) When 5-month-old Jessica learns that mommy continues to exist even when she is quietly resting in another room, Jessica has developed ________.
A) sensory permanence
B) perceptual constancy
C) perceptual permanence
D) object permanence
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
84) Egocentric thinking is associated with Piaget's ________.
A) sensorimotor stage
B) preoperational stage
C) formal operational stage
D) concrete operational stage
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
85) A young child's inability to experience anyone else's point of view is referred to as ________.
A) egocentrism
B) social egoism
C) ethnocentrism
D) ego fantasy
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
86) A 4-year-old child is speaking on the phone with her grandmother, and instead of verbally responding to her grandmother's questions, she shakes and nods her head. This child thinks that her grandmother can see her gestures and is demonstrating ________.
A) object permanence
B) egocentrism
C) centration
D) reversibility
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
87) Which of the following best describes a child's preoperational belief of animism?
A) My daddy wants a pony for his birthday.
B) If my ball is hidden behind the couch, it doesn't exist.
C) My truck moves because I pushed it with my hands.
D) The sun is shining because it is happy and smiling.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
88) Significant language advances tend to occur during what stage of cognitive development?
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
89) Once a child can perform mental operations on tangible objects, and understand the principles of conservation and reversibility, she has reached Piaget's ________.
A) postoperational stage
B) preoperational stage
C) formal operational stage
D) concrete operational stage
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
90) John was shown a ball of string, then the teacher unraveled it so the string became one long piece that was more than 10 feet long. John knows that the ball of string has the same amount of string as when it is unraveled into one long piece. Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development is John exhibiting?
A) sensory operation
B) formal operation
C) conservation
D) stability
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
91) The ability to think abstractly or hypothetically occurs in Piaget's ________.
A) egocentric stage
B) postoperational stage
C) formal operational stage
D) concrete operational stage
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
92) Adolescent egocentrism is BEST characterized by ________.
A) a personal fable and an imaginary audience
B) a lot of time having sexual fantasies
C) an ability for formal operational thinking
D) a belief that they are the best at everything
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
93) The belief that an adolescent is constantly being watched and evaluated by others is characteristic of ________.
A) an imaginary audience
B) a personal fable
C) hypothetical thinking
D) adolescent operationalism
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
94) Extreme forms of self-consciousness and concerns for physical appearance are common in adolescents, who tend to exhibit the early formal operational characteristic called ________.
A) the personal fable
B) adolescent egocentrism
C) the imaginary audience
D) the egocentric fable
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
95) Which of the following statements best describes Piaget's concept of personal fable?
A) Mary believes that everyone on the soccer team was staring at her when she showed up without her uniform.
B) Mary tells her mother that nobody understands what it feels like to not have a date for the prom.
C) Mary understands that her grandparents also felt awkward as teenagers, too.
D) Before applying for graduate school, Mary asks herself what she does best and what work she enjoys.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
96) The personal fable of adolescence is a result of ________ differentiation from others, while the imaginary audience of adolescence is a result of ________ differentiation from others.
A) too much; too little
B) too little; too much
C) overt; covert
D) covert; overt
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Analysis
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
97) The personal fable and risk taking that occur during adolescent egocentrism may be due primarily to the underdevelopment of what part of the brain?
A) amygdala
B) frontal lobes
C) occipital lobe
D) hypothalamus
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
98) The zone of proximal development refers to ________.
A) belief that an adolescent is special and unique, and that they alone are having thoughts and feelings that no one else understands or experiences
B) the area between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with the help of others who are more competent
C) the idea that moral reasoning is based primarily on what is "right" and what is "wrong" as indicated by society's rules
D) the idea that in the first year of life, an infant's primary caretaker can teach that the world is a safe place and that people can be trusted
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
99) Vygotsky's term for providing support during the learning process that is tailored to the needs of the student is instructional ________.
A) scaffolding
B) modeling
C) structuring
D) accommodating
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
100) Critics have suggested that Piaget underestimated ________.
A) the cognitive abilities of adolescents
B) genetic and cultural influences on cognition
C) the effect of cultural experiences on motivation
D) the social abilities of infants and young children
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
101) A strong affectionate bond with special others that endures over time is called ________.
A) romance
B) attachment
C) love
D) intimacy
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
102) According to Harlow's research with cloth and wire surrogate mothers, which of these is the most important variable for attachment?
A) availability of food
B) contact comfort
C) sharing a genetic bond
D) imprinting
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
103) According to Ainsworth's research using the strange situation procedure, which type of infants use the mother as a safe base from which to explore the environment?
A) disorganized/disoriented
B) secure
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) anxious/avoidant
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
104) According to Ainsworth's studies on infant attachment, if Jocelyn leaves her baby Henry in a room and he does not react or show much emotion when she leaves, then Henry is exhibiting what type of behavior?
A) disorganized/disoriented
B) secure
C) anxious/ambivalent
D) anxious/avoidant
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
105) According to Ainsworth's studies on infant attachment, if Cassie leaves her infant Dante in the room and he cries, but then he has mixed reactions when she returns, then Dante is exhibiting what behavior?
A) anxious/ambivalent
B) caregiver-based
C) insecurely attached
D) dependent
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
106) Eric demands that his mother bring him a glass of water even though he can do it himself, and he disobeys her suggestion that he get his own glass of water. He throws the glass on the floor. According to Baumrind, it is MOST likely that his parents are engaged in which type of parenting?
A) disorganized-disoriented
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) permissive-indulgent
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
107) Mr. and Mrs. Miaki think that children should not speak at the dinner table unless an adult asks them a question. They stress obedience to their house rules and proper table manners; they expect mature behavior in their children. Baumrind would classify the Miakis as which type of parents?
A) inflexible
B) authoritative
C) authoritarian
D) laissez-faire
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
108) Thornton is easily upset and will throw his toys in a tantrum; at other times he will cry if he doesn't get what he wants. Thornton sometimes pulls his younger sister's hair when he is angry. He does not communicate well with friends or adults. According to Baumrind, it is MOST likely that his parents are engaged in which type of parenting?
A) abusive
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) permissive-neglectful
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
109) ________ parents set firm limits, encourage increasing levels of responsibility, and are sensitive and caring toward their children. ________ parents value unquestioning obedience and mature responsibility, and remain detached and aloof from their children.
A) Democratic; indulgent-permissive
B) Authoritative; authoritarian
C) Democratic; authoritative
D) Permissive; nonpermissive
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
110) Jonas always does his homework without being told, and he gets himself ready for school, and prepares his own breakfast; he won the science fair competition at his school this year. According to Baumrind, which parenting style is most likely to produce a child like Jonas?
A) permissive
B) autonomous
C) authoritative
D) authoritarian
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
111) The ability to take the perspective of, or empathize, with others and to distinguish between right from wrong is called ________.
A) ethics
B) morality
C) empathy
D) sympathy
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
112) Research found that when participants told a lie, a specific part of their brain had an intense emotional response. As they told more lies, that brain structure showed decreased activation. Which part of the brain seems to acclimate to lying in this way?
A) the amygdala
B) the hypothalamus
C) the central sulcus
D) the hippocampus
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
113) To study moral development, Kohlberg ________.
A) observed moral behavior in natural settings
B) collected data by observing changes in moral reasoning of subjects as they aged
C) used archival data from newspapers regarding moral behavior
D) collected data by asking subjects of various ages to respond to stories that depicted moral dilemmas
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
114) Five-year-old Tyler believes "bad things are what you get punished for." Tyler is at which of Kohlberg's levels?
A) concrete
B) preconventional
C) postconventional
D) punishment-oriented
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
115) Aretha wanted all of the grape flavored gum from Halloween, so she made a deal with her brother that if he gave her his grape gum, she would help him get an extra cookie at dinner time. According to Kohlberg, what level of moral development is this?
A) preconventional
B) postconventional
C) conventional
D) social contract
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
116) Adults who take "petty" office supplies from the workplace, and believe that this is not "as bad" as stealing office furniture are demonstrating which stage of moral development?
A) punishment and obedience
B) instrumental-exchange
C) social-contract
D) law and order
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
117) Kohlberg's second level of moral development, in which moral judgments are based on compliance with the rules and values of society, is called the ________.
A) postconventional level
B) conventional level
C) preconventional level
D) universal ethics level
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
118) Sarah knows that she should obey the rules and always stops when the traffic light is red. Her friend Sophie knows this rule, too, but when no one is around late at night she goes through the red light. Sarah is at what level of moral development?
A) instrumental-exchange
B) social-contract
C) conventional
D) postconventional
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
119) Calvin would like to wear baggy, torn jeans and a nose ring to school, but he is concerned that others will disapprove. Calvin is at Kohlberg's ________.
A) conformity level
B) approval seeking level
C) conventional level
D) preconventional level
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
120) Officers in World War II, the Vietnam War, and the war in Bosnia have explained some of their behavior with the reasoning: "I was just following orders." This is an example of which stage of moral development?
A) punishment-obedience orientation
B) social-contract orientation
C) military-contract orientation
D) law and order orientation
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
121) Which of the following is TRUE of the postconventional level of moral development?
A) Morality is defined in terms of abstract principles and values.
B) Moral reasoning is based on compliance with the rules and values of society.
C) Empathy for others is important, but social approval is still a primary concern.
D) Adherence to individual values and beliefs is more important than the consequences on others.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
122) According to Kohlberg, an officer in the military is LEAST likely to obey orders pillage in a vanquished town or be unnecessarily brutal to a captured enemy if he has achieved which orientation of moral reasoning?
A) preconventional
B) law and order
C) justice and caring
D) universal ethics
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
123) There are no other cars on the road at three AM and you come to a stop sign, you decide not to drive through it, but instead you follow the traffic laws and stop because you believe the rules are legitimate and good for public welfare; you are demonstrating which orientation stage of moral development?
A) punishment and obedience
B) law and order
C) social contract
D) instrumental-exchange
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
124) Someone who burns his country's flag just because the law says he can is reasoning at the ________ stage of moral development, whereas someone who burns his country's flag because he believes that his country has lost its legitimacy is reasoning at the ________ stage.
A) punishment and obedience; individual principle
B) individual principle; individual principle
C) law and order; social contract
D) individual principle; instrumental-exchange
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
125) The belief that adult personality reflects how an individual has met or resolved the crises that occur in eight stages of development is the definition of ________.
A) Erikson's psychosocial stages of development
B) Freud's psychosexual stages of development
C) Thomas and Chess's theory of temperament development
D) Kohlberg's model of moral development
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
126) What is the crisis of young adults as defined by Erikson's psychosocial stages?
A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) intimacy vs. isolation
C) industry vs. inferiority
D) ego integrity vs. despair
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
127) During the ________ stage of psychosocial development, individuals decide whether or not they can count on others to meet their needs. During the ________ stage, individuals develop a sense of competency or insecurity.
A) initiative vs. guilt; autonomy vs. doubt and shame
B) industry vs. inferiority; ego integrity vs. despair
C) ego integrity vs. despair; intimacy vs. isolation
D) trust vs. mistrust; industry vs. inferiority
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
128) Chelsea is a toddler who has authoritarian parents. Her parents do not allow her to make any decisions on her own. As a result, Chelsea may have difficulty resolving which developmental stage?
A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) trust vs. mistrust
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) industry vs. inferiority
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
129) Every time her mother tells her to do something, Sue-Lee says, "No!" even if she really wants to do what her mother says. It is MOST likely that Sue-Lee's assertion of independence is characteristic of which stage of development?
A) identity
B) autonomy
C) initiative
D) industry
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
130) Which of the following children is working on the challenge of initiative vs. guilt in Erikson's psychosocial model of development?
A) Two-year-old Hun just used the potty-chair properly for the first time.
B) Ali, at age 10, worked hard and is very proud of her first "B" in math.
C) Five-year-old Brian tried to climb the tree in the backyard, and fell down three times.
D) Sixteen-year-old Sushma got up the nerve to ask a boy in her class to the homecoming dance.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
131) According to Erikson, humans progress through eight stages of psychosocial development. Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence for the "successful" completion of the first four stages?
A) trust, autonomy, industry, identity
B) autonomy, initiative, industry, identity
C) trust, autonomy, initiative, industry
D) identity, autonomy, industry, initiative
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
132) In Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the establishment of a coherent sense of self and a role in society is dependent upon successfully resolving which of the following challenges?
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) ego integrity vs. despair
C) identity vs. role confusion
D) intimacy vs. isolation
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
133) Robert is an adolescent who is sullen and withdrawn. He doesn't seem to know where he fits in society. As a result, Robert may have difficulty resolving which developmental stage?
A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) identity vs. role confusion
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) industry vs. inferiority
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
134) According to Erikson's theory, the dominant crisis of adolescence concerns ________.
A) resolving sexual conflicts
B) establishing an identity
C) deciding on life goals
D) making a place for oneself in adult society
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
135) Resolution of the critical conflict of young adulthood will, according to Erikson, lead to a sense of ________.
A) wholeness
B) direction
C) maturity
D) intimacy
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
136) Rebecca finds it difficult to establish close bonds with others. As a result, she avoids anything other than superficial relationships. According to Erikson, it is likely that Rebecca had difficulty with the developmental challenge of ________.
A) intimacy vs. isolation
B) ego integrity vs. despair
C) trust vs. autonomy
D) initiative vs. industry
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
137) According to Erikson, generativity in middle adulthood involves ________.
A) creativity in one's work and activities
B) taking time out to appreciate the beauties of nature
C) concern with one's own well-being and the well-being of family members
D) making contributions to others in society
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Conceptual
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
138) Forty-year-old Carl is very proud that he has the fastest car on the road and the finest house on the block, but feels lonely and isolated when he goes home to his family. Carl is likely to be in which of Erikson's stages of development?
A) ego integrity vs. despair
B) generativity vs. stagnation
C) intimacy vs. isolation
D) identity vs. role confusion
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
139) Emily is looking back at the last few decades of her life. She feels deep regret at the opportunities she passed up, knowing she does not have enough time left to start over. Emily is likely to be in which of Erikson's stages of development?
A) ego integrity vs. despair
B) intimacy vs. isolation
C) industry vs. remorse
D) generativity vs. stagnation
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
140) According to Erikson, humans progress through eight stages of psychosocial development. Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence for the "successful" completion of the last four stages?
A) identity, intimacy, generativity, ego integrity
B) ego integrity, trust, intimacy, generativity
C) initiative, intimacy, generativity, ego integrity
D) identity, autonomy, intimacy, generativity
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
141) The results of a cross-sectional marketing study to determine how age affects people's beliefs about family purchases and financial planning were criticized on the grounds that the data was influenced by cohort effects. This most likely means that ________.
A) some of the subjects belonged to ethnic minorities
B) the subjects were self-selected by their friends and neighbors
C) the older groups of subjects lived during the depression
D) only 63% of the questionnaires were returned
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
142) Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
A) Embryonic period: development of major body organs
B) Conception: development of blastocyst
C) Germinal period: fertilization and implantation
D) Fetal period: rapid weight gain and "detailing" of body organs and systems
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
143) Which of the following is CORRECT regarding brain development?
A) The weight of an infant's brain is 1/2 that of an adult's and reaches full adult weight by age 16.
B) The number of neurons in the infant brain at birth is about one-eighth the number in the adult brain.
C) Dendrite number and dendritic connections increase
D) Myelination peaks at age 12.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
144) Tesia said, "The rain quit falling because I wanted to go out to play." This is an example of ________, which indicates that Tesia is in the ________ of cognitive development.
A) egocentrism; sensorimotor stage
B) subjective permanence; preoperational
C) animism; preoperational stage
D) conservation; concrete operational stage
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
145) Eric is demanding and disobedient, has no respect for the property or rights of others, and is impulsive, immature, and out of control. According to Baumrind, it is MOST likely that his parents are engaged in which type of parenting?
A) abusive
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) permissive-indulgent
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
146) When one group of same-aged participants are studied together, they may be affected by specific historical events that affected them in all in a similar manner. These influences are called ________ effects.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
147) The relatively new field of ________ studies how the expression of a person's genes can be impacted by non-genetic, or environmental, factors.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
148) The Russian psychologist who suggested that a child's sociocultural influences were essential to their cognitive development was ________.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
149) The researcher who criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of morality based on the fact that it applied more readily to men than to women was ________.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
150) Young Matthew is always initially intimidated and shy in a new situation. After a little while, however, he tends to find himself more relaxed and it is then easy for him to engage in activities. According to Thomas and Chess, Matthew has a(n) ________ temperament.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
151) Describe the process used in the two major forms of research in developmental psychology, along with the strengths and potential drawbacks of each.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.1 Studying Development
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry & Critical Thinking
APA: LO 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
152) Briefly describe early childhood changes in the brain, motor abilities, and sensory/perceptual development.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
153) Contrast the terms puberty and adolescence, and list the major physical changes that occur during puberty, middle age, and later adulthood.
Diff: 1
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
154) List and briefly describe the five features of emerging adulthood.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
155) Discuss some of the physical issues that are confronted during middle age and late adulthood and their implications for psychological well-being.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.2 Physical Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
156) Define and illustrate the Piagetian concepts of schema, assimilation, and accommodation.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
157) List and describe the characteristics in each of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development. Illustrate a child's abilities and limits at each level of development.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.3 Cognitive Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
158) List and describe the three infant temperament styles identified by Thomas and Chess.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
159) Discuss Baumrind's different parenting styles, and how each has a different effect on the development of a child.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
160) Describe the strange situation experiment developed by Ainsworth, and list and describe the attachment styles identified via this approach.
Diff: 2
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
161) Describe the moral reasoning someone at each of Kohlberg's stages would use for why the following statement is morally correct: "Cheating is wrong." What are some of the criticisms of Kohlberg's theory?
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Application
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
162) List and describe Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, illustrating each with a successful and unsuccessful resolution.
Diff: 3
Bloom's: Knowledge
Section Reference: 9.4 Social-Emotional Development
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
APA: LO 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
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