Chapter 11: Psychology, Gender, and Health

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The initial field trials for the birth control pill, whose risk was unknown at the time, were conducted among poor women in Puerto Rico. This is an example of ______.

A. how needed the birth control pill was by poor women

B. how class and ethnicity are factors relating to irresponsible medical research

C. the opportunities for poor women of color to participate in research

D. how research can be generalizable to the population

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women and the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Worldwide, being born female is dangerous to your health because ______.

A. pregnancy and childbirth are still relatively dangerous

B. more female fetuses die than male fetuses

C. suicide and homicide are more common among women than men

D. women are at a higher risk for deadly diseases than men are

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. An Afghan woman’s chances of dying from pregnancy and childbirth are ______.

A. 1 in 2

B. 1 in 33

C. 1 in 50

D. 1 in 97

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Heart disease and cancer are ______.

A. leading causes of death for women but not men

B. leading causes of death for men but not women

C. leading causes of death for White women and men but not Black women and men

D. leading causes of death for women and men

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following is true regarding gender, race, and heart disease?

A. There are no race differences in the rate of death from heart disease.

B. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for Black women but not for White women.

C. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women.

D. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for White and Black men but not women.

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Men have higher death rates than women from which of the following?

A. homicide

B. Alzheimer’s

C. pneumonia

D. respiratory diseases

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. African American students under stereotype threat show increased levels of ______.

A. testosterone

B. cholesterol

C. blood pressure

D. estrogen

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A baby born in the United States today is expected to live to the age of ______.

A. 72 years

B. 75 years

C. 79 years

D. 72 years

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are ______.

A. hormones produced by the ovaries

B. hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

C. hormones secreted by the adrenal glands

D. hormones shared by both women and men

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biological Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. During a natural menstrual cycle, estrogen levels ______.

A. are fairly constant

B. are low except during the luteal phase

C. peak during menstruation

D. peak twice, once before ovulation and once in the luteal phase

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biological Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. “Dysmenorrhea” refers to ______.

A. failure to menstruate

B. the first 14 days of menstruation

C. painful menstruation

D. irregular menstruation

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dysmenorrhea

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The substance that causes menstrual cramps is ______.

A. prostaglandins

B. estrogen

C. amenorrhea

D. cortisol

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dysmenorrhea

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Research on hormones and mood during the menstrual cycle indicates that ______.

A. factors such as stress, health, and social support may be more important than mood

B. hormone levels drop off sharply, leading to a more depressed mood

C. premenstrual tension occurs as a result of hormone increases

D. progesterone is high and mood fluctuates considerably

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. According to a social construction point of view, PMS is ______.

A. a result of drug companies’ efforts to sell their products

B. present in all patriarchal societies

C. a socially acceptable attribution for women’s anger

D. present only in societies affected by Western medicine

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Social Construction of PMS

Difficulty Levels: Medium

15. An increase in hot flashes is an example of ______.

A. a common symptom of menstruation

B. a common symptom of menopause

C. a common symptom of aging among both women and men

D. a common symptom of aging among women

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Physical and Psychological Changes

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause ______.

A. is ineffective in relieving hot flashes

B. causes osteoporosis

C. increases vaginal dryness

D. increases the risk of heart attack and stroke

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Treating Menopausal Symptoms

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Although the rate of unintended pregnancies in the United States is down overall, it is highest among ______.

A. young White poor women

B. poor women, women of color, and young women

C. young Black poor women

D. young Latinx poor women

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contraception

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. During the first trimester of pregnancy, many women feel anxious about ______.

A. morning sickness

B. ingesting the right amount of nutrients

C. miscarriage

D. changes in their hormone levels

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. In the first stage of childbirth, the cervix must dilate to ______.

A. 10 cm

B. 4 cm

C. 8 cm

D. 12 cm

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which of these occurs during the third stage of labor?

A. delivery of the child

B. labor and pushing

C. delivery of the placenta

D. the cervix dilates halfway

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. While some degree of emotional ups and downs is common for new mothers, more severe experiences of irritability, anxiety, and sadness may be symptoms of ______.

A. motherhood melancholy

B. postnatal concern

C. stress overload

D. postpartum depression

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. About ______ of known pregnancies end in miscarriage.

A. 20%

B. 10%

C. 5%

D. 35%

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Miscarriage

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. The most common cancer among women is ______ cancer.

A. lung

B. breast

C. skin

D. cervical

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Breast Cancer

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. The best time for a woman to examine herself for breast lumps is ______.

A. during menstruation

B. about mid-cycle

C. annually when you get a Pap smear

D. just before intercourse

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Breast Cancer

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Currently, the recommended procedure for treating breast cancer that has spread to the muscle and lymph nodes is ______.

A. radical mastectomy

B. modified radical mastectomy

C. lumpectomy

D. chemotherapy

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Breast Cancer

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. Which woman is more likely to die from breast cancer?

A. White women

B. Black women

C. Asian women

D. trans women

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Breast Cancer

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Cervical cancer is caused by ______.

A. human immunodeficiency virus

B. herpes virus

C. human papillomavirus

D. genetic factors

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: HPV and Cervical Cancer

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Before medical treatments for gender transition can occur, ______ is/are required.

A. a full body scan and physical

B. pubertal suppression

C. hormone suppression

D. assessment and referral by a mental health professional

Learning Objective: Evaluate transgender health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical Transition

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. A transgender man may decide to use testosterone to get a deeper voice and grow facial hair. This is an example of ______.

A. medical transition

B. testosterone adjustment

C. surgical transition

D. hormone blockers

Learning Objective: Evaluate transgender health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medical Transition

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. In a study by De Cuypere et al. (2005), transgender women and transgender men overall reported feeling ______ regarding their surgical transition.

A. dissatisfied

B. satisfied

C. ambiguous

D. regretful

Learning Objective: Evaluate transgender health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Surgical Transition

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Almost no research has been conducted with individuals who identify as nonbinary or genderqueer.

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychology, Gender, and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The data indicate that as many as 70% of hysterectomies are unnecessary.

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women and the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Chronic diseases are more prevalent among White women than women of color.

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Health Issues at the Intersection of Gender, Ethnicity, and Class

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. American Indian women’s attitudes regarding menstruation are more positive than Anglo women’s attitudes.

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychological Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. About 10% of women at risk of unintended pregnancy use no method of contraception.

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contraception

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The abortion method, vacuum aspiration, is a very safe procedure and is safer than pregnancy.

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Abortion

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Research shows that the long-term adjustment of the majority of women after mastectomy is poor.

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Breast Cancer

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Anyone with a cervix needs to have an annual Pap test.

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: HPV and Cervical Cancer

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Nearly all women will have an HPV infection at some point in their lives.

Learning Objective: Describe gender-related cancers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: HPV and Cervical Cancer

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Transgender health issues differ greatly from cisgender health issues.

Learning Objective: Evaluate transgender health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Trans Health Issues

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Explain one of the feminist criticisms of the treatment of women in the health care system.

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Women and the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What legislation was passed in 1993 regarding research that impacts women’s health and why was it needed?

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Women and the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Give an example of efforts made that demonstrate how the women’s health movement has fostered tremendous changes in health care policy.

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women and the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Identify and explain one issue regarding the treatment of transgender persons in the health care system.

Learning Objective: Evaluate transgender health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Transgender Persons and the Health Care System

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Compare and contrast monophasic and triphasic oral contraceptives.

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Psychological Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. How would a feminist analysis explain pregnancy and childbirth becoming medicalized in the United States and Western nations?

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Identify and differentiate between the four phases of the menstrual cycle.

Learning Objective: Discuss the physiological and psychological challenges of menstruation and menopause.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Biological Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Compare and contrast surgical abortion and medical abortion.

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Abortion

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What are the possible implications for women who live in a society that does not speak much about or address miscarriage, abortion, and infertility, although they are all fairly common?

Learning Objective: Summarize reproductive health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Miscarriage | Abortion | Infertility

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What are some of the limits to women accessing adequate and safe health care in the United States from an intersectional lens?

Learning Objective: Identify the issues surrounding gender and health.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium