Test Questions & Answers Ch.10 Biology And Gender - Final Test Bank | Psychology of Women and Gender 10e by Else Quest by Nicole M. Else Quest. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 10: Biology and Gender
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A genetic female has ______.
A. sex chromosomes XY
B. a vagina
C. sex chromosomes YY
D. sex chromosomes XX
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Basic Physiological Processes
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. A trait controlled by a gene on the X chromosome is ______.
A. a sex-linked trait
B. a sex-limited trait
C. a sex-determined trait
D. expressed more in females than males
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Basic Physiological Processes
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. SRY is ______.
A. a hormone produced by the pituitary gland
B. a hormone produced by the adrenal gland
C. a gene on the Y chromosome that directs the fetus’s gonads to form testes
D. a gene on the X chromosome that directs the fetus’s genitals to form the vagina
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Basic Physiological Processes
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. X-chromosome inactivation involves ______.
A. the silencing of one X chromosome in each of the cells of human females
B. an error in prenatal gender differentiation
C. the process by which the X chromosome is turned off in all cells of human males
D. a process that occurs in the testes but not the ovaries
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Basic Physiological Processes
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. ______ refers to changes in gene expression caused by factors other than DNA.
A. Transcription
B. Epigenetics
C. Genome
D. Inactivation
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Epigenetics
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Female rat pups born to high-licking mothers are themselves high lickers when they become mothers. If pups born to low-licking mothers are raised by high-licking mothers, they are high lickers in adulthood. This effect is due to ______.
A. genetics
B. endocrine disrupters
C. prenatal differentiation
D. epigenetics
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Epigenetics
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Epigenetics” refers to ______.
A. the genetics of RNA
B. changes in gene expression caused by factors other than DNA
C. the mass of protein surrounding a chromosome
D. criticism of the Human Genome Project
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Epigenetics
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. A “trans woman” refers to someone who ______.
A. has a birth-assigned male gender and female gender identity
B. has a birth-assigned female gender and male gender identity
C. has a birth-assigned intersex gender and female gender identity
D. has a birth-assigned female gender and is going through genital transition
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Are There Genes for Being Transgender?
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. A “trans man” refers to someone who ______.
A. has a birth-assigned male gender and female gender identity
B. has a birth-assigned female gender and male gender identity
C. has a birth-assigned intersex gender and female gender identity
D. has a birth-assigned male gender and is going through a genital transition
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Are There Genes for Being Transgender?
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. The gonads (ovaries and testes), pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are all ______.
A. androgens
B. sex hormones
C. endocrine glands
D. connected to metabolism
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. Androgens other than testosterone are manufactured in females by the ______.
A. pituitary
B. hypothalamus
C. adrenal gland
D. fallopian tubes
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Estrogen and progesterone are manufactured by the ______.
A. ovaries
B. vagina
C. uterus
D. hypothalamus
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Giving replacement doses of testosterone to a male rat castrated in adulthood will cause a return of sex drive. This illustrates ______.
A. the organizing effects of hormones
B. the importance of estrogen to sex drive
C. the importance of prenatal gender differentiation
D. the activating effect of hormones
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Hard
14. Prenatally, females and males develop differently ______.
A. beginning at about the 6th week of pregnancy
B. from the moment of conception
C. as a result of gender role socialization
D. as a result of cultural expectations
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prenatal Gender Differentiation
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. The first step on prenatal gender differentiation is ______.
A. hormonal differentiation
B. gonadal differentiation
C. brain differentiation
D. differentiation of the external genitals
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prenatal Gender Differentiation
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. In animals, the two behaviors that are most affected by prenatal hormone exposure are ______.
A. activity level and appetite
B. spatial ability and aggression
C. aggressive and sexual behaviors
D. the structure of the genitals, but there is no evidence that it affects behavior
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prenatal Sex Hormone Effects
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. If pregnant guinea pigs are administered testosterone, their genetic female offspring will show male, not female, patterns of sexual behavior. This is an example of ______.
A. the organizing effects of hormones
B. the activating effects of hormones
C. the harmful effects of drug abuse
D. pheromone effects
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Prenatal Sex Hormone Effects
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. ______ is the term for a rare genetic condition that causes the fetus’s adrenal glands to produce abnormally large amounts of androgens, resulting in genetic females born with masculinized genitals.
A. Androgenization syndrome (AS)
B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
C. Guevodoces
D. Hermaphroditism
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prenatal Sex Hormone Effects
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. In the course of biological gender differentiation in prenatal development, ______.
A. major gender differences are created in the frontal lobe of the brain
B. major differences are created in the hypothalamus
C. most gender differentiation occurs postnatally
D. gender differences in the external genitals occur before ovaries or testes differentiate
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Hypothalamus
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Men deprived of their main source of testosterone by castration show a dramatic decrease in sexual behavior in some, but not all, cases. Based on this research, we can infer that ______.
A. there is not enough evidence to say that testosterone has an impact on sexual desire in men
B. testosterone is linked to sexual desire but not the driving factor
C. androgens do not play a significant role in sexual desire in men
D. testosterone has an activating effect in maintaining sexual desire in men
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hormone Effects in Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. The traditional model in psychology has maintained that hormones influence behavior. However, research shows that testosterone levels rise in both men and women following an interpersonal competitive victory. This highlights ______.
A. the unidirectional influence of hormones on behaviors and experiences
B. the bidirectional influence of hormones and behaviors/experiences
C. how hormones are a fixed and unchanging biological factor
D. the unidirectional influence of behaviors and experiences on hormones
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Better Hormone Models
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Research on male–female differences in brain size ______.
A. shows that women’s slightly lower scores on IQ tests are due to their slightly smaller brains
B. shows that men have several different advantages because of their larger brain size
C. has failed to demonstrate a relationship, in humans, between brain size and intelligence
D. shows that although women’s brain size is smaller, they outperform males on IQ tests
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Brain Size
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Differences between female and male brains are found in the ______.
A. thalamus
B. hypothalamus
C. cerebellum
D. adrenal gland
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Hypothalamus
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Research on the corpus callosum in humans indicates that ______.
A. men have a slightly larger corpus callosum overall
B. women have a larger corpus callosum which accounts for their superior verbal ability
C. the size of the corpus callosum is stable by 12 years of age
D. when it is damaged by stroke, spatial ability is impaired
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Other Brain Regions
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. In brain research, ______ refers to the extent to which a particular function is handled by one hemisphere of the brain or both.
A. hemispherization
B. localization
C. lateralization
D. subordination
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Right Hemisphere, Left Hemisphere
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. The most reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from research into single-sex schooling is that ______.
A. the brains of boys and girls differ in important ways
B. boys and girls have different learning styles
C. it decreases prejudice and stereotypes
D. it does not produce better outcomes
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Focus 10.3: Single-Sex Schooling and the Brain
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. fMRI research is often used to reinforce stereotypes. This is an example of ______.
A. neurosexism
B. epigenetics
C. modern sexism
D. stereotype confirmation bias
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Feminist Criticism
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. In regards to Joel’s (2015) concept of the gender brain mosaic, regions that don’t show a male–female difference are termed ______.
A. intersex
B. transitional
C. intermediate
D. intermediary
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Brain Mosaic
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. Research on differences in the brains of people who are transgender is based on the assumption that ______.
A. there are more similarities than differences between human male and female brains
B. there are clear differences between human male and female brains
C. transgender brains are very different from cisgender brains
D. transgender brains are mostly similar to cisgender brains
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Transgender and the Brain
Difficulty Level: Hard
30. Longitudinal studies on trans women have found that after 4 months of hormone treatment, ______.
A. brain volume increased and was in the top 1% of male brain size
B. brain volume stayed the same and remained in the male range
C. brain volume decreased and was more in the female range
D. brain volume stayed the same, but decreased after 12 months of hormone treatment
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Transgender and the Brain
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. There are no genetic differences between men and women except for the sex chromosomes and the genes on them.
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Genes
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. As of right now, there is no solid evidence of a particular gene or genes that create a tendency to becoming transgender.
Learning Objective: Summarize the basic concept of genes and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Are There Genes for Being Transgender?
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. In general, boys’ and men’s bodies mount a stronger immune response to infections than girls’ and women’s bodies do.
Learning Objective: Identify the basic physiological processes related to gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Basic Physiological Processes
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. The hypothalamus is the structure most affected by sex hormones.
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prenatal Gender Differentiation
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Estrogen is the source of sexual desire in women.
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hormone Effects in Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. The theory that women’s smaller brain size relative to men means they are not as intelligent as men is an example of the female deficit model.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Brain Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Gender similarities are the rule when it comes to brain anatomy.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Other Brain Regions
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Research indicates that there are gender differences in brain lateralization.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Right Hemisphere, Left Hemisphere
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Most women have brains with all female-leaning regions and most men have brains with all male-leaning regions.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Brian Mosaic
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Trans women have been studied more than trans men.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Transgender and the Brain
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. Provide an example of how women and men differ in basic physiological processes.
Learning Objective: Identify the basic physiological processes related to gender.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Basic Physiological Processes
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Name and contrast the “male” sex hormones and the “female” sex hormones. Explain why it is a mistake to refer to these sex hormones as “male” and “female.”
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Explain how sex hormones can create gender differences, particularly naming the two behaviors sex hormones influence in both women and men.
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Research shows that if all sources of androgens in women (the adrenals and ovaries) are removed, women lose sexual desire. What can you infer about the driving factors of sexual desire in women based on this research? Based on your inference, what is one way a woman with low sexual desire could increase her sexual desire?
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hormone Effects in Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Explain a bidirectional model and why many feminist scientists believe it is important.
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Better Hormone Models
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. A researcher uses fMRI and finds that a region “lights up” more for men doing math problems than for women. Explain why we cannot infer that those differences are hardwired.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Hypothalamus
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Gender differences exist in the hypothalamus. Explain one of the consequences of the gender differences in the hypothalamus. Specifically, talk about the differences between men and women in how the hypothalamus directs pituitary hormone secretion.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Hypothalamus
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Define neural plasticity and explain the implications.
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Neural Plasticity
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. The differences in levels of sex hormones may affect behavior at two major stages of development. Identify these two stages. Then, explain the two types of effects that can occur based on which stage someone is in and their implications.
Learning Objective: Explain the role of sex hormones prenatally and through adulthood.
Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Sex Hormones
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Explain Saphna Joel’s idea of the human brain as a “gender mosaic” and differentiate between female-leaning, male-leaning, and intermediate. What does this research indicate about there being a “male brain” and a “female brain?”
Learning Objective: Evaluate the research about the brain and gender.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Brian Mosaic
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Final Test Bank | Psychology of Women and Gender 10e by Else Quest
By Nicole M. Else Quest