Chapter 13: Gender and Sexual Orientation

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ is an umbrella term for all people with nonheterosexual sexual identities and behaviors.

A. Homosexual

B. Bisexual

C. Multisexual

D. Sexual minority

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Sexual Orientation

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The term lesbian refers to ______.

A. only cis women

B. both cis and trans women

C. only trans women

D. trans men and cis women

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Sexual Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Women wearing clothing, makeup, and jewelry that match express their gender is an example of ______.

A. gender consistency

B. performativity

C. appearance manifestation

D. inconsistent expression

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Queer Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. While antigay prejudice is a term some prefer over homophobia, ______ is a related term.

A. homosexism

B. sexual discrimination

C. heterosexism

D. gay intolerance

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Data shows that American’s attitudes toward people who are not heterosexual have become ______ over roughly 40 years.

A. substantially more accepting

B. slightly more accepting

C. nonsignificant

D. slightly less accepting

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stereotypes and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Heterosexist language, misgendering a person, and not inviting a same-gender partner to a family gather are examples of ______.

A. immaturity

B. hate crimes

C. unintentional discrimination

D. microaggressions

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. According to a meta-analysis of research on LGB victimization, ______ have experienced a physical assault because of their sexual orientation.

A. 56%

B. 19% of the women and 28% of the men

C. 28%

D. 48% of the women and 10% of the men

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stereotypes and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Research on lesbian relationships indicates that when compared to heterosexual couples, lesbians ______.

A. tend to have higher relationship quality

B. do not differ on relationship quality

C. have lower relationship quality

D. do not differ in the balance of power

Learning Objective: Summarize lesbian culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lesbian Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. In 2000, Vermont was the first state to ______.

A. allow adoption between two lesbian partners

B. provide health insurance for same-gender partners of state employees

C. ban discrimination based on sexual orientation in the workplace

D. provide legal civil unions to same-gender couples

Learning Objective: Summarize lesbian culture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gay Marriage

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Gay marriage became federally legal in the United States in ______.

A. 2013

B. 2014

C. 2015

D. 2016

Learning Objective: Summarize lesbian culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gay Marriage

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The concept of a fixed sexual orientation and identity is a ______.

A. Western notion that is not shared by some other cultures

B. common idea around most of the world’s cultures

C. mostly Eastern belief with only a few Western cultures agreeing

D. rare belief that many cultures do not share

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation Development and Fluidity

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Situation-dependent flexibility in women’s sexual responsiveness to women or men is termed as ______.

A. situationality

B. heteroflexibility

C. identity confusion

D. sexual fluidity

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation Development and Fluidity

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Cheryl has ties in both the lesbian community and the heterosexual community. This is an example of ______.

A. heteronormativity

B. dual identity

C. bisexuality

D. cross-sexual identity

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation Development and Fluidity

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. For most lesbians, ______ is a vulnerable and developmental process.

A. dating another woman

B. coming out

C. developing attraction to women

D. accepting their sexuality

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation Development and Fluidity

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Typically, women and men who are gay disclose to their ______ first.

A. sibling

B. father

C. mother

D. cousin

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation Development and Fluidity

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Homosexuality was seen as a mental disorder until ______.

A. 1973

B. 1966

C. 1985

D. 1991

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbians’ Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Empirical research on the adjustment of lesbians ______.

A. indicates that they have low self-esteem as a result of society's discrimination against them

B. indicates that they have many problems of adjustment

C. shows that lesbians do not differ from heterosexual women in their self-esteem

D shows that lesbians are more frequently anxious than heterosexuals are

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lesbians’ Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. In social psychological terms, being a sexual minority person ______.

A. is associated with stigma and stress

B. puts one at higher risk for low self-esteem

C. can be measured with the IAT

D. has more positive impacts than negative impacts

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbians’ Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Guidelines for therapists in order to better serve clients who are gay, lesbian, or bisexual are created by the ______.

A. National Therapeutic Alliance

B. Psychiatry Association of America

C. Therapists for Equality Coalition

D. American Psychological Association

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Research on children reared by lesbian mothers compared with children reared by heterosexual couples generally indicates that ______.

A. children of lesbian mothers are stigmatized by other children

B. children of lesbian mothers are more likely to engage in premarital intercourse at early ages

C. children of lesbian mothers are more likely to become gay themselves

D. there are no differences in adjustment between the two groups

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Children of Lesbian Mothers

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Research indicates that lesbian couples ______.

A. rarely end up having children

B. create a family through artificial insemination more than any other method

C. have various ways of creating families with children

D. typically tend to only have one child

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Children of Lesbian Mothers

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Genetics, brain factors, and hormones are examples of ______.

A. factors that are influenced by one’s sexual orientation

B. biological explanations for sexual orientation that have been proposed

C. reasons the idea of multiple sexual orientations have been challenged

D. critical developmental factors in one’s gender identity

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. One genome scan has been done for sexual orientation and it was done with ______.

A. women only

B. both women and men

C. men only

D. women and men who were heterosexual

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Much research in the field of comparing homosexual people and heterosexual people send the message that ______.

A. being lesbian is a problem or deficit

B. lesbians are invisible

C. lesbians and gay men have many similarities

D. lesbians are very different from heterosexual women

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Biological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. In comparing gay men and lesbians, it appears that ______.

A. female homosexuality is more frequent

B. lesbians are more promiscuous

C. gay men have a larger number of different partners compared with lesbians

D. lesbians are more likely to cheat in a relationship

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Differences Between Lesbians and Gay Men

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Lesbians who are women of color ______.

A. experience triple oppression

B. usually identify more with their ethnic identity than their sexual orientation

C. are less likely to come out as gay than White lesbians

D. are rare in the United States

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Latinx lesbians have engaged in ______.

A. confrontation with heterosexual Latinx

B. Chicano/Latino studies

C. resistance and activism

D. a campaign to emphasize family

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. In comparison to White lesbians, African American and Latina lesbians reported ______.

A. coming out at an older age

B. having more social support when coming out

C. are more represented in the research

D. wondering and deciding they were lesbian at a younger age

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. The 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting is an example of ______.

A. a rare hate crime in the United States

B. gun violence against women

C. continued violence against gay people of color

D. violence against gay Jewish men

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. According to the queer of color critique, ______.

A. more queer people of color should come out in order for others to feel comfortable to do the same

B. we must consider the historical context of violence against queer people of color

C. queer White people should be doing more to support the rights of queer people of color.

D. queer people of color should take pride in their sexual orientation

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The 2012 data showed that 46% of Americans still believed that homosexuality was always wrong.

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stereotypes and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The 2000 U.S. Census Bureau found that same-sex households were found in 99% of all counties in the United States.

Learning Objective: Summarize lesbian culture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbian Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. When there is an imbalance in power of lesbian relationships, the woman who does more caretaking and nurturing typically becomes the more powerful member of the couple.

Learning Objective: Summarize lesbian culture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbian Relationships

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. According to stress inoculation theory, exposure to some stress makes people more resilient in the future.

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbians’ Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Some research shows that lesbian couples show better parenting skills than heterosexual couples.

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation. | Summarize lesbian culture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Children of Lesbian Mothers

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Hormone levels influencing sexual orientation is a popular hypothesis.

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Biological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Lesbians are more likely to have been heterosexually raped than heterosexual women are.

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmental Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Gay men put more emphasis on emotional intimacy than lesbians do.

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Differences Between Lesbians and Gay Men

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. In Latinx families, there is a strong distinction between what may be expressed publicly and what should be kept private and there is a stronger value placed on loyalty to one’s family and on the performance of family roles than on the expression of one’s own individual desires.

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. African American lesbians typically regard their ethnic community as extremely homophobic.

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. What three components make up sexual orientation?

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender and Sexual Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain the important arguments of queer theory.

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Queer Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Give one example of antigay prejudice in the United States of America (past or present).

Learning Objective: Describe queer theory and gender sexual orientations and stereotypes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Explain one of the implications on lesbian women’s mental health by being a sexual minority.

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Lesbians’ Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain the scientific evidence that genetics influence sexual orientation. What can you infer about the influence of genetics and environment based on this research?

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis

Answer Location: Biological Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Scientists do not yet know what causes sexual orientation. What would a queer theory perspective say about this conclusion based on the research?

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Bottom Line

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. What do Else-Quest and Hyde mean by “lesbians who are women of color may experience triple oppression?”

Learning Objective: Evaluate the intersection of sexual orientation and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Explain Lisa Diamond’s (2008b) findings after following college women recruited from LGB community events for more than 10 years. What conclusions can you draw from these data regarding sexual orientation fluidity?

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation Development and Fluidity

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Outline three of the five guidelines for psychotherapy with gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients set by the American Psychological Association.

Learning Objective: Discuss sexual orientation development and fluidity mental health issues related to sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Therapy

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Many people believe that lesbians and gay men have many similarities. Compare and contrast lesbians and gay men based on the research.

Learning Objective: Explain why women become lesbians, bi, or straight and the differences between lesbians and gay men.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Differences Between Lesbians and Gay Men

Difficulty Level: Medium