Exam Questions Chapter 12 Longenbaker The Circulatory System

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) The heart produces a hormone that helps regulate the body's sodium levels and blood pressure.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) The myocardium makes up most of the heart wall.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Fibrillations are examples of arrhythmias.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) The cardiac output of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right ventricle.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) The heart must be stimulated by the nervous system to contract.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) Hypertension will cause ventricular contractions to become stronger to overcome the higher arterial blood pressure.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) All capillary beds in the body are open all the time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Polycythemia refers to a higher than normal amount of red blood cells in the blood; it is associated with highperipheral resistance and high blood pressure.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Standing in one place for a long time is associated with hypertension which frequently triggers fainting.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) The umbilical arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the placenta.

⊚ true
⊚ false

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11) Which blood vessels supply the liver? Choose all that apply.

A) Hepatic portal vein
B) Hepatic vein
C) Celiac vein
D) Hepatic artery

12) Which are the two main types of strokes? Choose all that apply.

A) Bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Blood clot blocking blood flow
D) Transient ischemic attack

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
13) Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

A) It is located in the mediastinum.
B) The base rests on the diaphragm.
C) It connects the systemic and pulmonary circuits.
D) Its apex points towards the left hip.

14) Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart?

A) Serves as an endocrine gland
B) Creates blood pressure
C) Keeps oxygen-poor blood separated from oxygen-rich blood
D) Maintains the acidity level of the blood

15) The myocardium is

A) the major portion of the heart.
B) made largely of cardiac muscle tissue.
C) the endocardium.
D) both the major portion of the heart and made largely of cardiac muscle tissue.

16) The visceral pericardium is also known as the ________ of the heart wall.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium

17) Which lists the proper order of the layers of the heart wall from outermost (superficial) to innermost (deep)?

A) Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
B) Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
C) Myocardium, epicardium, endocardium

18) What is pericarditis?

A) Inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart
B) Inflammation of the heart valves
C) Inflammation of the outermost layer of the heart
D) High blood pressure

19) Which are the strongest pumping chambers?

A) Atria
B) Ventricles

20) Which chamber pumps the blood to the body through the systemic circuit?

A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle

21) Why does the left ventricle have a thicker myocardial wall?

A) It has to pump blood to the lungs.
B) It has to pump blood to the body.
C) It has to pump blood to the left atrium.
D) It has to pump blood to the liver.

22) The right atrium

A) receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B) pumps oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C) receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D) pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

23) Which structure separates the thickly walled pumping chambers of the heart?

A) Interatrial septum
B) Ligamentum arteriosum
C) Interventricular septum
D) Fossa ovalis
E) Fibrous myometrium

24) Which of the following is NOT a vessel that empties into the right atrium?

A) Inferior vena cava
B) Superior vena cava
C) Coronary sinus
D) Pulmonary veins

25) As blood leaves the right atrium, it passes through the ______ valve to the right ventricle.

A) tricuspid
B) pulmonary semilunar
C) mitral
D) bicuspid

26) What is the function of the heart valves?

A) To push blood
B) To prevent the backflow of blood
C) To stimulate the heart
D) To give support to the heart

27) What structures anchor the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles of the ventricle walls?

A) Interatrial septum
B) Auricles
C) Chordae tendineae
D) Coronary sinus

28) What vessels carry oxygen-poor blood towardthe lungs for gas exchange?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Aorta and coronary arteries
D) Superior and inferior vena cavas

29) What is the name of the extensions of the ventricular myocardium that prevent the valves from opening into the atria?

A) Chordae tendinae
B) Interventricular septum
C) Interatrial septum
D) Papillary muscles

30) The left atrium

A) receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B) pumps oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C) receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D) pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

31) What vessels carry oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium?

A) Superior and inferior vena cavae
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Pulmonary arteries
D) Both superior and inferior vena cavae and pulmonary veins

32) Which vesselcarries blood away from the right ventricle?

A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary trunk
C) Superior vena cava
D) Pulmonary vein
E) Brachiocephalic artery

33) What valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A) Pulmonary semilunar valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Bicuspid valve
D) Aortic semilunar valve

34) The aorta

A) receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
B) carries oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C) receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D) carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

35) The pulmonary vein

A) carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to the left atrium.
B) carries oxygen-rich blood toward the body tissues.
C) receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues.
D) carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

36) Which of the following vessels carries blood with a high oxygen content?

A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Pulmonary arteries
D) Both the aorta and pulmonary veins

37) Which of the following represents the correct sequence when tracing the path of blood from the superior or inferior vena cava to the lungs?

A) left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, left ventricle, mitral valve, pulmonary arteries
B) right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk
C) tricuspid valve, right atrium, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, pulmonary veins
D) pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary veins

38) The bicuspid valve is a(n)

A) semilunar valve.
B) atrioventricular valve.
C) arterial valve.
D) venous valve.

39) The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing backwards into the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

40) The pathway from the superior and inferior vena cavae, through the right side of the heart to the lungs is called the

A) pulmonary circuit.
B) coronary circulation.
C) systemic circuit.
D) hepatic-portal system.

41) The pathway from the lungs, through the left side of the heart and out the aorta to the body tissues is called the

A) pulmonary circuit.
B) coronary circulation.
C) systemic circuit.
D) hepatic-portal system.

42) What are the first blood vessels to branch from the aorta as it leaves the heart?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Coronary arteries
D) Coronary veins

43) The heart sounds are due to the

A) valves closing.
B) heart contraction.
C) heart relaxing.
D) blood flowing.

44) The first heart sound, "lub," is made by

A) closure of the AV valves.
B) closure of the semilunar valves.
C) contraction of the ventricles.
D) contraction of the atria.

45) The sound of a heart murmur is created from

A) acid reflux in the esophagus.
B) fluid in the lungs.
C) leaky heart valves.
D) a hiccup.

46) The second heart sound, "dup," is caused by the

A) closing of the AV valves.
B) closing of the mitral valve.
C) closing of the semilunar valves.
D) contraction of the ventricles.

47) The myocardium obtains oxygen and nutrients from

A) blood in the left ventricle.
B) capillaries supplied by the coronary arteries.
C) the cardiac veins in the heart wall.
D) the carotid arteries.
E) blood within the atria.

48) What acts as a pacemaker, initiating the heartbeat?

A) Nerves
B) AV node
C) SA node
D) Brain

49) The correct sequence in the conduction system of the heart is

A) Purkinje fibers, AV bundle, bundle branches.
B) AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers.
C) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.
D) AV node, bundle branches, SA node, Purkinje fibers.

50) What structural component of cardiac muscle cells allows for electrical current to flow from cell to cell?

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Adhesion junction

51) An area of the heart other than the SA node can become the pacemaker if its contraction rate is faster. This area would be called a(an)

A) heart block.
B) intrinsic conduction system.
C) ectopic pacemaker.
D) interventricular septum.

52) What is the condition in which the ventricles beat at only 40-60 beats per minutes as the normal pacemaker fails to work correctly?

A) Heart block
B) Arrhythmia
C) Ectopic pacemaker.
D) Incompetent valve.

53) In an ECG, the P wave represents

A) depolarization of the atria.
B) depolarization of the ventricles.
C) repolarization of the atria.
D) repolarization of the ventricles.

54) In an ECG, the QRS complex represents

A) depolarization of the atria.
B) depolarization of the ventricles.
C) repolarization of the atria.
D) repolarization of the ventricles.

55) In an ECG, the T wave represents

A) depolarization of the atria.
B) depolarization of the ventricles.
C) repolarization of the atria.
D) repolarization of the ventricles.

56) In an ECG, the P wave indicates that the atria

A) are about to enter atrial diastole.
B) are about to enter atrial systole.
C) are misfiring in arrhythmia.
D) have fully repolarized.

57) A heart rate below 60 beats per minute is called

A) tachycardia.
B) fibrillation.
C) bradycardia.
D) ectopic.

58) A heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

A) tachycardia.
B) fibrillation.
C) bradycardia.
D) ectopic.

59) Which chambers contract simultaneously?

A) Two atria
B) Right atrium and right ventricle
C) All chambers contract simultaneously.
D) All chambers contract individually.

60) Systole refers to

A) relaxation.
B) contraction.
C) stimulation.

61) Diastole refers to

A) relaxation.
B) contraction.
C) stimulation.

62) During atrial systole, the AV valves are ______ and the semilunar valves are _____.

A) closed; open
B) closed; closed
C) open; closed
D) open; open

63) During ventricular systole, the AV valves _______ and the semilunar valves _____.

A) close; open
B) close; close
C) open; close
D) open; open

64) When is the first sound of the heartbeat produced?

A) Beginning of atrial systole
B) Middle of atrial systole
C) Beginning of ventricular systole
D) Beginning of ventricular diastole

65) When is the second sound of the heartbeat produced?

A) Beginning of atrial systole
B) Middle of atrial systole
C) Endof atrial systole
D) Beginning of ventricular systole
E) Beginning of ventricular diastole

66) The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute is the

A) stroke volume.
B) heart rate.
C) cardiac output.
D) cardiac cycle.

67) The cardiac output is dependent on

A) heart rate.
B) respiration rate.
C) stroke volume.
D) both heart rate and stroke volume.

68) Cardiac output is equal to

A) heart rate × stroke volume.
B) heart rate / stroke volume.
C) stroke volume + heart rate.
D) stroke volume - heart rate

69) The cardiac output of an average human is about _______ L per ventricle per minute.

A) 0.5
B) 1.0
C) 5.0
D) 50

70) Calculate the cardiac output in an individual whose stroke volume is 0.075 L and heart rate is 70.

A) 933
B) 5.25
C) 70.075
D) 69.925

71) An increase in heart rate would ______ cardiac output.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) not change

72) A decrease in stroke volume would ______ cardiac output.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) not change

73) The cardioregulatory center is located in the

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.

74) Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart causes the heart rate to

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) stay the same.
D) increase, then decrease.

75) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes the heart rate to

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) stay the same.
D) increase, then decrease.

76) What type of receptors, found in the aorta and common carotids arteries, send information to the cardioregulatory center to control heart rate?

A) Proprioceptors
B) Nociceptors
C) Baroreceptors
D) Photoreceptors

77) A fever will generally cause the heart rate to

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) stay the same.

78) An increase in blood pressure will cause a reflexive ___________ of the heart rate.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) no change
D) increase, then decrease

79) Which of the following does NOT have an immediateeffecton the stroke volume of the heart?

A) pH of the blood
B) Strength of contraction of the ventricles
C) Concentration of electrolytes around cardiac muscle cells
D) Venous return to the right atrium

80) The adjustment of the contraction of the heart to changes in venous return is known as the

A) ECG.
B) Frank-Starling law.
C) cardiac cycle.
D) cardiac circuit.

81) An increase in venous return will ______ stroke volume and ___________ the strength of contraction.

A) increase; increase
B) increase; decrease
C) decrease; decrease
D) decrease; increase

82) What is the leading cause of heart attack and stroke in North America?

A) Alcohol
B) Smoking
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Hypertension

83) Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of atherosclerosis?

A) Low-level bacterial or viral infections
B) Smoking
C) High LDL cholesterol
D) Hypotension

84) Pain in the chest area caused by reduced blood flow to the heart is called

A) myocardial infarction.
B) atherosclerosis.
C) angina pectoris.
D) thromboembolism.

85) Blockage of coronary arteries kills heart muscle. This is called a(n)

A) angina pectoris.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) coronary bypass.

86) An increase in signals from the ____ nerve slows the heart rate.

A) sciatic
B) vagus
C) phrenic
D) mediastinal
E) second thoracic

87) __________ carry blood to the heart.

A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries

88) Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur in the

A) veins.
B) arteries.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) arterioles.

89) _______ carry blood away from the heart.

A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries

90) Which is the correct order of the tissue layers in large blood vessels, from superficial (outermost) to deep (innermost)?

A) Tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa
B) Tunica externa, tunica interna, tunica media
C) Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica interna
D) Tunica media, tunica externa, tunica interna

91) Endothelium, with its basement membrane, is found in the

A) tunica media.
B) tunica externa.
C) tunica muscularis.
D) tunica interna.

92) Which type of blood vessel has the thickest, most muscular walls?

A) Arteries
B) Arterioles
C) Capillaries
D) Veins

93) Constriction and dilation of smooth muscle in ________ is used to control blood pressure.

A) capillaries
B) venules
C) arteries
D) arterioles

94) What type of vessel consists of one layer of endothelial cells?

A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles

95) What type of cell connections is found between endothelial cells of capillaries?

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Adhesion junction
D) Intercalated disks

96) What structures control blood flow into capillary beds?

A) Adhesion junctions
B) Precapillary sphincters
C) Arteriovenous shunt
D) Semilunar valve

97) If precapillary sphincters relax, local blood flow in the capillary bed ______; if this occurs in several capillary beds at the same time, and no other circulatory changes occur, then systemic blood pressure _______.

A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; decreases
D) decreases; increases

98) Osmotic pressure is created from

A) the pumping of the heart.
B) movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
C) a difference in solute concentration on either side of a semipermeable membrane.
D) blood volume.

99) Which pressure is greater on the arteriole side of a capillary than on its venous end?

A) Blood pressure
B) Osmotic pressure
C) Blood pressure and osmotic pressure are the same.

100) Which of the following is NOT pushed out of the arterial end of a capillary?

A) Water
B) Blood cells
C) Glucose
D) Amino acids

101) Water and other small molecules leaving the capillaries form

A) blood.
B) tissue fluid.
C) blood pressure.
D) intracelllar fluid.

102) What type of movement of materials occurs in the midsection of a capillary?

A) Diffusion into and out of the capillary
B) Blood pressure pushing blood cells out of the capillary
C) Osmotic pressure drawing materials out of the capillary
D) Tissue fluid pressure pushing materials into the capillary

103) Which fluid has a higher concentration of solutes?

A) Blood plasma
B) Interstitial fluid of tissues

104) Which pressure is greater on the venous end of a capillary?

A) Blood pressure
B) Osmotic pressure
C) Blood pressure and osmotic pressure are the same.

105) Along which section of a capillary do water and small dissolved molecules move into the capillary?

A) Arterial end
B) Midsection
C) Venous end

106) If other factors remained the same, an increase in the osmotic pressure of the blood would lead to fluid movements that

A) decreased blood volume and cardiac output.
B) increased blood volume and decreased tissue fluid volume.
C) increased tissue fluid volume and cardiac output.
D) increased intracellular volume and interstitial fluid volume.

107) How is excess tissue fluid returned to the blood stream?

A) Low blood pressure pulls it back into the capillaries.
B) It is picked up by lymphatic vessels and then returned to the blood stream.
C) The excess fluid is not returned to the blood stream.
D) The high concentration of tissue fluid solutes causes diffusion of materials to the blood.

108) ________ are thin-walled and have large lumens.

A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries

109) ______, especially those in the arms and legs, have valves to prevent backflow.

A) Veins
B) Arteries
C) Capillaries

110) Which layer of an artery wall is primarily smooth muscle tissue?

A) Tunica externa
B) Tunica interna
C) Tunica media
D) Tunica adventitia

111) Small vessels that carry blood away from the heart and that are involved in the control of blood pressure and distribution of blood are

A) capillaries.
B) venules.
C) arterioles.

112) Constriction of the smooth muscle of an arteriole will ______ systemic blood pressure and ____ blood flow into an area.

A) increase; increase
B) increase; decrease
C) decrease; increase
D) decrease; decrease

113) Capillary structure is uniquely adapted for exchange processes because

A) they contain many desmosomes and tight junctions.
B) they have valves to control flow.
C) they have only one layer of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium).
D) they allow two-way flow.

114) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a vein that differentiates it from an artery?

A) Veins have thinner walls.
B) Veins have valves.
C) Veins have a smaller lumen.
D) Veins carry blood toward the heart.

115) Phlebitis and hemorrhoids are conditions involving

A) arteries.
B) capillaries.
C) veins.
D) All apply.

116) A pulmonary embolism is a

A) right heart ischemic attack.
B) valve failure of the right semilunar valve.
C) blockage of an arteriole in a lung.
D) rapid heart rate impairing respiration.

117) At any given time, more than half the total blood volume is found in

A) capillaries.
B) arteries and arterioles.
C) venules and veins.
D) arterioles and venules.

118) Which item is least likely to cross the capillary wall and become a part of tissue fluid?

A) Water
B) Vitamins
C) Plasma proteins
D) Amino acids

119) Blood entering a capillary bed is bright red, while blood leaving is a darker, bluish red. Why?

A) Nutrients leave the bloodstream and enter the tissue fluid.
B) Blood with more oxygen is brighter red than deoxygenated blood.
C) Hemoglobin leaves the blood and enters the tissue fluid.
D) Wastes enter the bloodstream in the capillary.

120) Blood pressure is greater at the _______ of the capillary.

A) venule end
B) middle
C) arteriole end

121) In which type of vessel is blood velocity the greatest?

A) Capillaries
B) Arterioles
C) Veins
D) Arteries

122) Why is it important that blood move very slowly through the capillaries?

A) To allow for adequate molecular exchange between the blood and the tissues
B) So the red blood cells won't be damaged
C) This system would actually work more efficiently if blood passed through capillaries more quickly.

123) As the total cross-sectional area of the vessels increases, the velocity of blood flow

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) does not change.

124) When adding up values across the entire body, which type of vessel has the largest total cross-sectional area?

A) Arteries
B) Capillaries
C) Veins

125) What accounts for blood flow in the arteries?

A) Blood pressure generated by the heart
B) Skeletal muscle contraction
C) The respiratory pump

126) Blood pressure is lowest in the

A) aorta.
B) capillaries.
C) superior and inferior vena cavae.
D) venules.

127) The MABP (mean arterial blood pressure) is equal to

A) cardiac output – peripheral resistance.
B) cardiac output x peripheral resistance.
C) cardiac output / peripheral resistance.
D) cardiac output + peripheral resistance.

128) In general, the smaller the blood vessel, the _____ the peripheral resistance.

A) greater
B) lower
C) Blood vessel diameter and peripheral resistance are not directly related.

129) As peripheral resistance increases, the blood pressure will

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) not necessarily change.

130) As the length of a blood vessel increases, peripheral resistance

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) doesn't necessarily change.

131) If other factors remain constant, an increase in blood viscosity ______ peripheral resistance and ______ blood pressure.

A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; decreases
D) decreases; increases
E) decreases; does not change

132) One of the main reasons obesity is associated with hypertension is that

A) increased high-density lipoproteins increases blood viscosity.
B) increased total vessel length increases peripheral resistance.
C) decreased sympathetic tone increases cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
D) increased blood volume changes the thickness of vein walls.

133) As cardiac output increases, blood pressure

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) doesn't necessarily change.

134) Blood return to the heart through the veins is aided by

A) a blood pressure difference from arteries to the capillaries.
B) skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps.
C) precapillary sphincters.
D) All apply.

135) How does the respiratory pump aid venous return?

A) Exhaling and blowing out draws blood toward the tissues.
B) Low pressure during inhalation draws blood toward the heart.
C) Skeletal muscle contractions in the extremities pushes blood through veins.
D) Valves in arteries and veins are assisted by breathing movements.

136) Where is blood pressure the greatest?

A) Arteries.
B) Arterioles.
C) Capillaries.
D) All are the same.

137) Vasoconstriction in blood vessels is controlled by the vasomotor center in the

A) pons.
B) cerebellum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) medulla oblongata.

138) If blood pressure increases above normal, the response from the medulla oblongata will be to

A) increase heart rate and dilate the arterioles.
B) increase heart rate and constrict the arterioles.
C) decrease heart rate and dilate the arterioles.
D) decrease heart rate and constrict the arterioles.

139) Which of the following hormone and cardiovascular effect is NOT correctly matched?

A) Atrial natriuretic homone -- lowers blood pressure
B) Antidiuretic hormone -- raises blood pressure
C) Aldosterone -- lowers blood pressure
D) Epinephrine -- raises blood pressure

140) Renin secretion increases when blood pressure

A) increases.
B) decreases.

141) What is blood pressure directly dependent on?

A) Cardiac output
B) Peripheral resistance
C) Parasympathetic nervous system activity
D) Cardiac output and peripheral resistance
E) Respiratory rate and vein diameter

142) One of the genes that has been related to essential hypertension codes for the plasma protein

A) hemoglobin.
B) insulin.
C) albumin.
D) angiotensinogen.
E) atrial natriuretic factor.

143) Which of the following is NOT a pulse point?

A) Superior temporal artery
B) Common carotid artery
C) Femoral artery
D) Subclavian artery

144) Which artery is usually used to determine blood pressure?

A) Carotid artery
B) Brachial artery
C) Renal artery
D) Coronary artery

145) The first Korotkoff sound heard when taking blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer represents the pressure of the

A) atrial systole.
B) atrial diastole.
C) ventricular systole.
D) ventricular diastole.

146) For a blood pressure reading of 125/86, the 86 represents the

A) atrial diastolic pressure.
B) ventricular systolic pressure.
C) atrial systolic pressure.
D) ventricular diastolic pressure.

147) A systolic pressure consistently above 140 or a diastolic pressure above 90 is called

A) hypertension.
B) fibrillation.
C) hypotension.
D) tachycardia.

148) Which represents the pressure of blood in between contractions, when the ventricles are at rest?

A) Diastolic
B) Systolic

149) The blood in pulmonary arteries is oxygen-

A) poor.
B) rich.

150) The body's response to sudden hypotension may include

A) dilation of arterioles.
B) constriction of veins and arterioles.
C) decreased heart rate.
D) renal excretion of water.

151) The pulmonary circuit involves the

A) body.
B) lungs.
C) body and lungs.

152) Which is the correct sequence when blood flows from the heart to the kidney?

A) Right ventricle, vena cava, renal vein
B) Left ventricle, aorta, renal artery
C) Left atrium, aorta, renal artery
D) Right ventricle, aorta, renal vein

153) The celiac artery goes to the

A) head.
B) stomach.
C) leg.
D) arm.

154) The brachiocephalic artery goes to the

A) head.
B) stomach.
C) left lung and left leg.
D) right arm and right side of head.
E) lungs.

155) The common iliac artery goes to the

A) head.
B) first part of small intestine.
C) pelvis and lower limb.
D) head and upper arm.

156) What arteries supply the head?

A) Right and left coronary arteries
B) Right and left subclavian arteries
C) Right and left carotid arteries
D) Right and left axillary arteries

157) Which carries oxygenated blood toward the heart?

A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Pulmonary arteries
D) Vena cavae

158) Which blood vessel drains deoxygenated blood from the portion of the body below the chest?

A) Aorta
B) Subclavian vein
C) Superior vena cava
D) Inferior vena cavae

159) Blood flows from the subclavian vein into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) external carotid vein.
C) axillary vein.
D) brachiocephalic vein.
E) inferior vena cava.

160) Blood flows from the subclavian artery into the

A) brachiocephalic artery.
B) carotid artery.
C) axillary artery.
D) subclavian vein.

161) The hepatic portal vein goes from the

A) liver to vena cava.
B) abdominal organs to the liver.
C) kidney to vena cava.
D) intestine to kidney.

162) Which blood vessel drains the liver?

A) Hepatic portal vein
B) Hepatic vein
C) Hepatic artery

163) The external jugular veins drains blood from the

A) head and neck.
B) arms and chest.
C) lower limbs.
D) abdominal organs.

164) The external iliac vein drains blood from the

A) head and neck.
B) upper limbs.
C) abdominal organs.
D) lower limbs.

165) What vein returns blood from the upper part of the body to the heart?

A) Inferior mesenteric vein
B) Hepatic portal vein
C) Superior vena cava
D) Inferior vena cava

166) Blood supply to the brain forms a circular pathway called the

A) hypophyseal portal system.
B) circle of Willis.
C) hepatic portal system.
D) brachiocephalic circle.
E) jugular anastamosis.

167) The specialized vessels that carry blood containing releasing hormones from the brain to their target gland make up the

A) adrenal regulatory pathway.
B) circle of Willis.
C) hepatic portal system.
D) hypothalamus-pituitary portal system.
E) common jugular veins.

168) Which of these is the correct sequence when tracing the path of blood in the fetal heart?

A) Right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium
B) Left ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs
C) The umbilical arteries, ductus venosus, right atrium
D) Placental artery, ductus arteriosus, right atrium

169) What fetal structures aid in by-passing the pulmonary circuit?

A) Umbilical veins
B) Foramen ovale
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Both foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

170) Which of the following is a change that occurs in fetal circulation at birth?

A) Ductus venosus continues to carry blood to the liver
B) Foramen ovale closes to become the fossa ovalis
C) Ductus arteriosis opens
D) Umbilical arteries become the fossa ovalis

171) Which of the following is NOT a treatment for congestive heart failure?

A) Diuretics - to increase urine output
B) Disaccharides - to increase energy
C) Digoxin - to increase heart contraction strength
D) Dilators - to relax blood vessels

172) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging with the heart?

A) Heart increases in size
B) Valves thicken and become more rigid
C) Resting heart rate increases
D) Contraction strength decreases

173) Varicose veins increase the risk of

A) hypovolemia.
B) hypertension.
C) thromboembolism.
D) atrial fibrillation.

174) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging with the cardiovascular system?

A) Excessive cardiac output
B) Increased atherosclerosis
C) Increased varicose veins
D) Increased incidence of coronary artery disease

175) Which body system is LEAST directly involved with helping to maintain blood pressure?

A) Endocrine system
B) Digestive system
C) Muscular system
D) Urinary system

176) How does the skeletal system aid the cardiovascular system?

A) Stores calcium needed for blood clotting
B) Rib-cage protects the heart
C) Red bone marrow produces RBCs
D) All apply.