Test Bank Chapter 28 A New Global Age, 1980s to the Present

Smith test bank: Chapter 28

Why did the Cold War order come to an end?

1. President Richard Nixon took advantage of ____________________ in his historic visit to communist China in 1972.
   1. growing tensions between China and Russia
   2. improving U.S. fortunes in the Vietnam War
   3. the newly-friendly relationship between the U.S. and USSR
   4. his soaring popularity at home

(p. 1034)

1. Within China, __________________ helped stop the brutality of Mao’s Cultural Revolution.
   1. Nixon’s visit to China
   2. improving relations with the USSR
   3. economic reforms
   4. the worsening Vietnam War

(p. 1034)

1. The first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, signed by the U.S. and USSR, __________________.
   1. included an acknowledgment of Soviet territorial gains in World War II
   2. aligned the two nations against China
   3. capped the number of antimissile defenses for each country
   4. included a Soviet guarantee of basic human rights

(p. 1034)

1. Arab member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries responded to U.S. support of Israel by
   1. attacking Israel on Yom Kippur in 1973
   2. implementing a policy known as stagflation
   3. quadrupling the price of its oil and imposing an embargo of its oil to the U.S.
   4. seizing Gaza and the Golan Heights

(p. 1034)

1. British Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher rejected policies based on
   1. economic democracy
   2. supply-side economics
   3. monetarist economics
   4. trickle-down economics

(p. 1034-1035)

1. Mikhail Gorbachev’s economic reform program, called _____________, aimed to reinvigorate the Soviet economy by encouraging more up-to-date technology and introducing such market features as prices and profits.
   1. neoliberalism
   2. trickle-down economics
   3. perestroika
   4. glasnost

(p. 1036)

1. The Polish Solidarity movement was formed in 1980 in response to
   1. Gorbachev’s perestroika reforms
   2. Gorbachev’s visit to Beijing and the resulting protests in Tiananmen Square
   3. the election of a Polish pope in John Paul II
   4. rising food prices

(p. 1037)

1. The fall of communism in Czechoslovakia came with
   1. the televised execution the dictator and his wife
   2. the breakup of the ethnically diverse population into multiple states
   3. civil war and ethnic cleansing
   4. the peaceful resignation of the Communist leadership, in a bloodless or “velvet” revolution

(p. 1038)

How has globalization affected the distribution of power and wealth throughout the world in the early twenty-first century?

1. During the 1980s and 1990s, southern peoples generally had lower standards of living than northerners, except for
   1. South Africans and Australians
   2. Australians and New Zealanders
   3. Argentinians and South Africans
   4. New Zealanders and Chileans

(p. 1039)

1. Despite their advocacy of free trade, the United States and the European Union
   1. instituted excise taxes on their own farmers
   2. subsidized imports to ensure affordable food for their citizens
   3. imposed tariffs on imported agricultural products while subsidizing their own farmers
   4. instituted embargoes on agricultural products

(p. 1039)

1. After decades of strife and Cold War pressures, the diverse peoples of India, Brazil, and South Africa rebuilt prosperity by
   1. taking advantage of global technology and markets
   2. instituting democratic reforms
   3. rebuilding their economies around the production of luxury goods
   4. implementing agricultural reforms

(p. 1040)

1. Under Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, established to adjudicate violence under the apartheid regime, recommended
   1. criminal prosecution of the perpetrators of violence
   2. reconciliation, with both victims and perpetrators of violence encouraged to speak publicly
   3. that the leaders of the apartheid government be remanded to the Hague to be tried for crimes against humanity
   4. a national forgetting, with all involved encouraged to move forward and ignore the past

(p. 1042)

1. South African women, having played a leadership role in opposing apartheid in South Africa, __________________ in the new government.
   1. were barred from participation
   2. received a quota of seats
   3. found it nearly impossible to be included
   4. were offered only figurehead positions

(p. 1042)

1. South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong came to be called ___________ for the ferocity of their growth in the 1980s and 1990s.
   1. Asian warriors
   2. Pacific sharks
   3. Pacific tigers
   4. Eastern lions

(p. 1044)

How has globalization reshaped the global workforce and traditional political institutions?

1. One of the first countries to recognize the possibilities of computing and call desk services was
   1. Ireland
   2. India
   3. Mexico
   4. Singapore

(p. 1045)

1. Competition among lower-level workers for good jobs across the globe led to
   1. high unemployment everywhere
   2. low unemployment everywhere
   3. high wages everywhere
   4. low wages everywhere

(p. 1045-1046)

1. An important tenet of neoliberalism was that
   1. investment is wise only when productivity is rising
   2. profit and investment increase through outsourcing labor
   3. profit and investment increase through downsizing
   4. the welfare state would make up for workers’ low wages

(p. 1046)

1. The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and Doctors Without Borders are examples of
   1. intergovernmental organizations
   2. intragovernmental organizations
   3. nongovernmental organizations
   4. intranational organizations

(p. 1046)

1. In 1994 the terms of the Maastricht Treaty created
   1. the European Union
   2. the European Currency Unit
   3. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
   4. Mercosur

(p. 1047)

What major benefits and dangers has globalization brought to the world’s peoples?

1. Kenya’s Wangari Maathai started a movement that
   1. protested Egypt’s Aswan Dam
   2. enlisted women to plant trees in Nairobi
   3. raised awareness of the damage done to the ozone layer by chemicals found in aerosol and refrigeration products
   4. ultimately formed the Green Party

(p. 1056)

1. The second worst global polluter, ____________, pulled out of the Paris Climate Agreement.
   1. China
   2. India
   3. Mexico
   4. the United States

(p. 1056)

1. In 1979, to address China’s rapidly rising population, the government
   1. introduced a one-child policy for urban Chinese families
   2. provided free birth control
   3. ended tax breaks for parents
   4. introduced a policy of forced sterilization

(p. 1056)

1. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated
   1. by Tamil separatists from Sri Lanka for her lack of support
   2. after Indian troops fired on unarmed civil rights demonstrators
   3. by her Sikh security guards after the Indian government attacked a Sikh temple
   4. when government offices were bombed by separatists

(p. 1058)

1. Western cooperation after the September 11 terrorist attacked fragmented when the United States
   1. invaded Afghanistan
   2. invaded Iraq
   3. killed Osama bin Laden
   4. declared a “war on terror”

(p. 1059)

1. The series of popular uprisings, some of which forced dictators in North Africa and the Middle East to step down or to reform government, was called the
   1. Arab Spring
   2. Velvet Revolution
   3. Muslim Summer
   4. Orange Rebellion

(p. 1059)

1. The use of e-mail and social networking to create meeting points and devise strategies
   1. undermined both the highly violent Islamic State and popular uprisings in the Middle East
   2. benefited the highly violent Islamic State but undermined popular uprisings in the Middle East
   3. benefited popular uprisings in the Middle East but undermined the highly violent Islamic State
   4. benefited both popular uprisings in the Middle East and the highly violent Islamic State

(p. 1060)

1. The trigger for the economic crisis of 2008 was
   1. the bursting of a real estate bubble in China
   2. a credit collapse
   3. the bursting of a real estate bubble in the United States
   4. surging unemployment

(p. 1061)

1. In the wake of the economic crisis, emerging strongmen pushed the idea that _______________ caused the crash.
   1. the United States
   2. migration and globalization
   3. technological innovation
   4. dishonest businesses

(p. 1061)

How have peoples worked to maintain distinctive local identities in today’s global age?

1. The term “Brexit” describes the movement to
   1. separate Scotland from Great Britain
   2. separate Great Britain from the European Union
   3. eject Greece from the European Union
   4. create a separate nation in the Catalonian region of Spain

(p. 1063)

1. In January 2005 Guatemalan forces killed a Maya-Kakchiquel man who
   1. was protesting the flow of oil, coffee, bananas, and other resources out of the area and onto the world market
   2. was protesting the ridicule heaped on his traditional way of life by globalizers
   3. objected to the forced use of Spanish
   4. sought to block a global mining firm’s inroads into his community

(p. 1064)