Chapter 9: Focusing on Sexual Abuse

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Research has found that ______ are far more at risk of rape and sexual assault than any other race/ethnic group.

A. Alaskan Natives and African Americans

B. African Americans and Asian Americans

C. Asian Americans and American Indians

D. American Indians and Alaskan Natives

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The most prevalent and often most threatening form of gender-based abuse (GBA) is ______.

A. forced marriage

B. sexual abuse

C. trafficking

D. female genital mutilation

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Research pertaining to rape and sexual abuse has found that ______.

A. when women/girls are the perpetrators, they tend to abuse at the more serious levels

B. rape and other sexual abuses are primarily committed by men/boys against both women/girls

C. at least half of the women in the United States have been sexually assaulted in adolescence and/or adulthood

D. women/girl perpetrators have a bigger age gap between themselves and their victims

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the key to establishing whether a sexual event or act is sexual abuse?

A. power

B. force

C. consent

D. coercion

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Holding down or hitting someone is an example of ______.

A. coercion

B. force

C. consent

D. exploitation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Which of the following is associated with using psychological methods, such as threats or promises of rewards?

A. coercion

B. consent

C. force

D. might

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. A man threatens a girl with telling her parents that she was smoking marijuana if she does not comply with his sexual directions. This is an example of ______.

A. strength

B. coercion

C. might

D. force

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Which of the following is an example of the use of force?

A. A husband might tell his wife that if she does not have sex with him consensually, he will rape her.

B. A foster father hits his foster daughter if she does not submit to his sexual demands.

C. A boyfriend may tell his girlfriend he will break up with her if she will not have sex with him.

D. A minister or priest may promise special favors for sexual compliance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. In a study conducted by Cook and Messman-Moore (2018), survivors reported that the tactic that was most used by their abusers was ______.

A. perpetrator took advantage of survivor’s voluntary intoxication

B. perpetrator gave survivor alcohol or drugs without her knowledge

C. perpetrator used force

D. perpetrator threatened survivor

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. ______ sexual abuse is where a victim is physically unable to consent to sex.

A. Coercive

B. Exploitive

C. Incapacitated

D. Forced

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drug and Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Abuse (DAFSA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. A college study identified ______ as the most common “rape drug.”

A. alcohol

B. marijuana

C. rookies

D. molly

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drug and Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Abuse (DAFSA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. In many states, the concept of “rape” is consistently limited to ______.

A. incapacitated and drug-/alcohol-facilitated rapes

B. sexual assault with foreign objects

C. penile–vaginal penetration

D. anal and oral rape

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Drug and Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Abuse (DAFSA)

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following statements pertaining to the historical development of the definition of rape and other sexual abuses is true?

A. The legal definition of rape was all encompassing; it included most sexual abuses.

B. Rape was once used to justify a woman’s place in the home.

C. Conviction for the abusers was common.

D. Women who reported being raped were always found to be credible.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Historical Developments in Defining Rape and Other Sexual Abuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Which of the following legal changes occurred following the second wave of the women’s movement in the 1970s?

A. recognition that most sexual abuse victims and offenders do not know each other

B. narrowing of the definition of “rape”

C. recognition that sexual abuse can be forceful

D. sexual abuse can be committed by any gender and any gender can be victimized

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Historical Developments in Defining Rape and Other Sexual Abuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. When sexual abuse was first becoming defined as a social issue, the focus was on ______ rapes.

A. adolescent–acquaintance

B. adult–acquaintance

C. adult–stranger

D. adolescent–stranger

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical Developments in Defining Rape and Other Sexual Abuses

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The frequent portrayal of rapists as psychotic and crazy is consistent with which of the following rape myths?

A. Rapists/sexual abusers are sick.

B. Alcohol/drugs cause rape.

C. People living in rural countryside are more likely to support rape.

D. Rapists/sexual abusers are “over-sexed.”

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Another Look at Rape Myths and a Rape Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. According to studies on cyber rapes, ______ women/girls were the primary targets of violence, followed by ______ women/girls.

A. White; Latinx

B. Latinx; African American

C. African American; Asian American

D. Asian American; White

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Another Look at Rape Myths and a Rape Culture

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which channel was referred to as the “date rape channel” in an article in The New York Magazine?

A. FOX

B. ABC

C. MTV

D. HBO

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Another Look at Rape Myths and a Rape Culture

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. According to the text, although disclosure is difficult for most sexual abuse survivors, they are more likely to disclose their victimization to ______.

A. criminal legal system officials

B. friends and family

C. health care providers

D. researches

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Statistics on Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Victims who report experiences that meet a legal definition of rape but do not label their experiences as such or even as a victimization are referred to as ______.

A. known rape victims

B. recognized rape victims

C. documented rape victims

D. unacknowledged rape victims

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Statistics on Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Which of the following statements pertaining to unacknowledged rape victim incidents is true?

A. They are more likely to have been forceful and violent.

B. They are more likely to have involved drugs/alcohol.

C. They are more likely to have involved more victim resistance.

D. They are more likely to have involved a stranger perpetrator.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Statistics on Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. In a study of NCVS data, statisticians found a “gag effect” in which women who were raped did not report victimization for which reason?

A. The interviewer was of the opposite sex.

B. The survivor was elderly.

C. The spouse was present during the interview.

D. The survey was conducted in person.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Statistics on Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. According to Brown and her colleagues (2009), when there is no actual or threated force and the victim is not too drunk or high to consent, it is referred to as ______.

A. incapacitated rape

B. forcible rape

C. verbally coercive rape

D. nonverbally coercive rape

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Statistics on Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The Oedipus complex theory of innate erotic attraction of children to parents was proposed by which individual?

A. Sigmund Freud

B. Carl Jung

C. Alfred Adler

D. Wilheim Reich

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Which of the following statements pertaining to child sexual abuse is true?

A. The riskiest age for victimization is only the adolescence period.

B. It is gendered; girls experience more victimization than boys.

C. Unlike girls, boys do not face epidemic risks of child sexual abuse.

D. It was not labeled as a problem until the 2000s.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. According to the author, an overview of the research on child sexual abuse did not find ______ to be risk factors for child sexual abuse.

A. class or race/ethnicity

B. race/ethnicity or gender

C. gender or age

D. age or class

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Most of the research on college sexual assault has focused on which population?

A. male college staff

B. male fraternities

C. male student athletes

D. male professors

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: College Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Most of the phenomenon commonly referred to as “marital rape” occurs by ______.

A. husbands/wives

B. former spouses/partners

C. cohabiting couples

D. same-sex relationships

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marital/Spousal/Partner Rape

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following statements pertaining to marital/spousal rape is true?

A. Marital rape is portrayed by the media as a serious and complex issue that need to be addressed.

B. Women sexually assaulted by their husbands are the least at risk of being killed by their partners.

C. Men tend to view their views as property and can keep them more isolated than most rapists.

D. They are more likely to be nonviolent and highly coercive, rather than violent.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Marital/Spousal/Partner Rape

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. Compared to the unmarried intimate partner couples, married intimate partner ______.

A. abusers and victims were younger

B. victims had less injuries

C. sexual violence was more likely to include sexual penetration

D. victims consistently sought help

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marital/Spousal/Partner Rape

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. According to research, married intimate partners were more likely to be ______.

A. Latinx

B. White

C. African American

D. Asian American

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marital/Spousal/Partner Rape

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Dating, and less seriously abusive, intimate partners have been found to be disproportionately ______.

A. Latinx

B. White

C. African American

D. Asian American

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marital/Spousal/Partner Rape

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Which crime is a Title IX violation, which is legally interpreted as an offense that happens in the workplace or in the context of education?

A. stalking

B. sexual harassment

C. rape

D. sexual assault

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Promising a student a grade or some other education or work favor for complying with a sexual request is an example of ______.

A. exploitation

B. stalking

C. hostile environment

D. quid pro quo harassment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

35. Sexually suggestive photos or notes that make a person’s work or educational environment intimidating or offensive is an example of ______.

A. exploitation

B. stalking

C. hostile environment

D. quid pro quo harassment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

36. Sexist remarks putting down women, but not necessarily sexual in nature, are an example of ______.

A. sexual coercion

B. sexual bribery

C. seductive behavior

D. gender harassment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

37. Sexual advances or requests to discuss the victim’s personal and sexual life are an example of ______.

A. sexual coercion

B. sexual bribery

C. seductive behavior

D. gender harassment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

38. Soliciting sex with a promise of a reward is an example of what type of harassment?

A. gross sexual imposition

B. sexual bribery

C. seductive behavior

D. gender harassment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

39. Threatening someone with punishment for failing to comply with a sexual demand is an example of ______.

A. sexual coercion

B. gender harassment

C. sexual bribery

C. gross sexual imposition

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

40. According to Till’s (1980) continuum of sexual harassment, ______ constitutes one of the last and most severe levels.

A. seductive behavior

B. gender harassment

C. sexual coercion

D. indecent exposure

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. A professor tells a student that if she does not go out with him, she is going to flunk the course. This is an example of ______.

A. sexual bribery

B. sexual coercion

C. gender harassment

D. gross sexual imposition

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

42. What is the key to sexual harassment?

A. power

B. consent

C. force

D. pressure

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. An employee sexually harassing a supervisor is an example of ______.

A. traditional power sexual harassment

B. peer sexual harassment

C. quid pro quo sexual harassment

D. contrapower sexual harassment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard

44. Most survivors prefer which punishment for their abusers?

A. restitution

B. community supervision

C. retribution

D. incarceration

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Survivors’ Wishes and Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. A study of incarcerated women survivors of in-person sexual abuse found that the women were more likely to report their victimization to prison authorities if they ______.

A. had physical injuries

B. were older

C. where sexually assaulted more than once

D. if they had over 12 years left to serve

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: In-Prison Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. According to Bosick and colleagues (2012), which age-group is the least likely to report sexual abuse to police?

A. children

B. adolescents

C. young adults

D. elderly

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Survivors Reporting Sexual Abuse to the Police

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. When a crime is ______, it means that the suspect was arrested or the crime is considered solved because the suspect has been identified, but beyond the ability of the police to arrest.

A. cleared

B. unfounded

C. arraigned

D. indicted

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police Responses to Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. The initial determination by the police officer that the reported incident constitutes criminal sexual assault as define by state statute is referred to as ______.

A. charging

B. discovery

C. indictment

D. case founding

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Unfounding and the Highly Exaggerated False Rape Reports

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. Prosecutors moving the case forward and court convictions are more likely when ______.

A. the victim and defendant are acquaintances

B. the defendant uses coercion, rather than physical force

C. the victim promptly reports the crime to the police

D. the defendant lacks a traditional moral character

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Court Officials’ Responses to Sexual Abuse Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Some court room decisions discriminate against victims who are unconventional, such as those who are ______.

A. in racial/ethnic minorities

B. of low socioeconomic status

C. undocumented

D. addicted to drugs/alcohol

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Court Officials’ Responses to Sexual Abuse Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Most sexual abuses, including rapes, are committed by individuals who are strangers to the victim.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Consent can be made both verbally and nonverbally.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Sexual abuse runs on a continuum from force to coercion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Consent, Coercion, and Force

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Throughout history, rape laws were aimed mostly at protecting all women and girls, regardless of socioeconomic status.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical Developments in Defining Rape and Other Sexual Abuses

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Rape myths blame the victims, excuse the rapists, and minimize rape.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Another Look at Rape Myths and a Rape Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Rape is institutionalized, and we have a rape culture when we see strong adherence to rape myths and institutions’ general lack of willingness to punish abusers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Another Look at Rape Myths and a Rape Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Prevalence rates are measured as rates within some period prior to the interview or survey.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Statistics on Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Street harassment is often “catcalls” by men at women/girls.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Street Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The largest focus of sexual harassment research is on girls in middle school and high school.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment Victim-Offender Relationships

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Many people view sexual harassment as harmless or even flattering.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Impacts of Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Scholars have argued that credibility discounting, which is dominant response to rape survivors at every stage of the criminal process, is not discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police, Prosecutor, and Court Obsessions With Survivors’ Characteristics and Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Victim resistance is primarily assessed through physical resistance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police, Prosecutor, and Court Obsessions With Survivors’ Characteristics and Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Victim credibility is often meted out in extra-legal factors such as victim resistance, victim demographic characteristics, and victim moral character.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police, Prosecutor, and Court Obsessions With Survivors’ Characteristics and Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Rapes unfounded by the police still appear in the official statistics of victimization, such as the Uniform Crime Reports.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police Unfounding and the Highly Exaggerated False Rape Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Unfounding is when police or sometimes prosecutors dismiss the case because there is not sufficient evidence and they believe that it is a “false charge.”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Unfounding and the Highly Exaggerated False Rape Reports

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Among violent index crimes, rape cases have the highest clearance rate.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Clearance of Sexual Abuse Victimization Reports

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Many of the disenfranchising, extra-legal characteristics about victims are the same characteristics that place individuals most at risk of sexual abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Court Officials’ Responses to Sexual Abuse Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Many sexual assault convictions result in jail/prison sentences for the perpetrators.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Court Officials’ Responses to Sexual Abuse Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Much of the research on what influence court outcomes in rape cases is conducted busing mock jurors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Court Officials’ Responses to Sexual Abuse Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Rape crisis centers are a part of the criminal legal system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonprofit Agencies Designed to Assist Sexual Abuse Survivors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Explain what happens when the definition of sexual abuse is restricted.

2. Discuss the three major legal changes that started with the second wave of the women’s movement in the 1970s.

3. Legally, sexual harassment has been identified as potentially occurring in two manners. What are those two manners? You may use examples to illustrate the two manners.

4. Illustrate Till’s (1980) continuum of sexual harassment.

5. Why are rape survivors motivated in taking part in the court sentencing of their rapists?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse Survivors’ Goals and Agency

Difficulty Level: Medium