Endocrine System – Ch34 | Test Bank – 18th Edition

View Product website:

https://selldocx.com/docx/endocrine-system-ch34-test-bank-18th-edition-1536

Student name:__________

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which pair below lists the two English physiologists who first demonstrated the action of a hormone?

A) Bayliss and Starling
B) Bayliss and Cannon
C) Banting and Best
D) Banting and Starling
E) Watson and Crick

2) What is the term for chemicals produced by cells to affect their own immediate region or local tissue factors?

A) second messengers
B) pheromones
C) neurotransmitters
D) kinase
E) parahormones

3) You are explaining how the nervous and endocrine systems differ from one another. When describing the endocrine system you indicate that most hormones travel by

A) intentionally seeking out the tissue they will affect.
B) only traveling down the bloodstream in the direction of the target tissues.
C) the lymphatic system.
D) seeking the neurons that are going to the target tissue and using them as pathways.
E) the bloodstream throughout the body, but only the target tissues will respond to their presence.

4) Peptide hormones and epinephrine

A) readily diffuse through the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane.
B) readily diffuse through the plasma membrane but not the nuclear membrane.
C) are too large to pass across the plasma membrane.
D) are steroid hormones.
E) are second messengers.

5) The second messenger that relays a hormone's message to the cell's biochemical machinery

A) is cyclic ATP.
B) is kinase.
C) can be any of six different molecules.
D) is GMP.
E) is DNA or RNA.

6) The difference in hormone effects on two different tissues is due to

A) receptor molecules on the hormone molecule.
B) receptor molecules on the target cell.
C) presence of a second messenger.
D) presence of a compatible gene.

7) Peptide hormones

A) are lipid-soluble and easily pass through a plasma membrane.
B) bind selectively to receptor molecules in the cytoplasm.
C) bind selectively to receptor molecules in the nucleus.
D) form a hormone-receptor complex that is a gene regulatory protein that activates or inhibits a specific gene.
E) bind to transmembrane protein receptors.

8) The actual affect of hormones on cellular functions is accomplished by

A) affecting enzyme activity.
B) changing membrane permeability.
C) regulating synthesis of cellular proteins.
D) stimulating release of hormones from other glands.
E) All of the choices are hormone actions.

9) Hormone control is by

A) negative feedback systems similar to a house thermostat.
B) positive feedback systems that require a shut-off mechanism.
C) input from the nervous system.
D) response to input of hormones and metabolites.
E) All of the choices control hormone levels.

10) You study partner is confused about how there can be a nervous system, an endocrine system, and a system that combines the two (neurosecretory). To help them understand you explain that the neurosecretory cells

A) are discharged directly into the circulation.
B) link the nervous and endocrine systems.
C) occur in all animal groups.
D) All of the choices are correct.

11) The molting hormone,ecdysone, in insects

A) favors the development of adult structures.
B) favors the development of larval structures.
C) does not appear to act directly on the chromosomes.
D) is not a steroid hormone.
E) is toxic to humans.

12) If you are interested in developing a "pesticide" hormone spray that will prevent insects from developing into adult pests, you would need to synthesize

A) the hormone created by the prothoracic gland.
B) juvenile hormone.
C) PTTH.
D) ecdysone.

13) You approach your instructor to ask question about how the hypothalamus can be a brain structure that is part of the endocrine system. In her response she indicates the following about the hypothalamus

A) is a ventral portion of the brain.
B) contains neurosecretory cells.
C) produces hormones that stimulate the pituitary.
D) has a direct linkage, or portal communication, with the anterior pituitary gland.
E) All of the choices are correct.

14) The posterior pituitary

A) is the source of releasing hormones.
B) produces four major tropic hormones.
C) secretes oxytocin andantidiuretic hormone.
D) produces growth hormone and prolactin.
E) All of the choices are correct.

15) What hormone is NOT a product of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) thyroid stimulating hormone
C) gonadotropic hormones
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone
E) growth hormone

16) A fast-acting hormone produced by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary and that promotes dispersion of pigment in fishes, amphibians, and reptiles is

A) pineal gland stimulating hormone (PGSH).
B) vasotocin.
C) melatonin.
D) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
E) oxytocin.

17) The posterior pituitary lobe hormone that has the widest distribution and is probably the parent hormone from which many others evolved is

A) prolactin.
B) vasotocin.
C) melatonin.
D) insulin-like growth factor.
E) oxytocin.

18) Which hormone stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone?

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) thyroid stimulating hormone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone
E) growth hormone

19) The preparation of the mammary glands for secretion of milk requires the action of

A) progesterone.
B) prolactin.
C) estrogen.
D) human chorionic gonadotropin.

20) What hormone stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor or somatomedin by the liver in humans?

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) thyroid stimulating hormone
C) gonadotropic hormones
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone
E) growth hormone

21) The maintenance of circadian rhythms is related to

A) prolactin.
B) melatonin.
C) oxytocin.
D) prostaglandins.
E) vasotocin.

22) The perception of pain can be relieved by

A) endorphins.
B) prolactin.
C) oxytocin.
D) prostaglandins.
E) vasotocin.

23) Menstrual cramps are caused by overproduction of

A) endorphins.
B) prolactin.
C) oxytocin.
D) prostaglandins.
E) vasotocin.

24) Cells involved in the immune response communicate with each other through a large group of polypeptide hormones called

A) endorphins.
B) growth hormones.
C) cytokines.
D) prostaglandins.
E) glucocorticoids.

25) The thyroid gland

A) regulates the gonads.
B) is the smallest endocrine gland in humans.
C) acts on the kidney to restrict urine flow.
D) stimulates metabolic rate and promotes normal growth.
E) has a high concentration of calcium.

26) Tadpoles metamorphose into frogs because of

A) decreases in iodine leading to less thyroid hormone.
B) decreases in juvenile hormone from the corpora alata.
C) increases in epinephrine from the adrenals.
D) activation of the thyroid gland and increases in growth hormone.
E) sex hormones.

27) In a physiology laboratory experiment you remove the parathyroid glands from a rat. Your hypothesis about the impact this will have on the rat includes which of the following?

A) an increase of calcium in the blood
B) severe muscle spasms and death
C) stimulation of the thyroid to maintain proper calcium level in the blood
D) no noticeable effect

28) Calcium levels in the blood and bone are controlled by

A) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
B) parathyroid hormone.
C) calcitonin.
D) All of the choices above are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

29) The glucocorticoid hormones

A) are involved with inflammation and stress.
B) are produced by the adrenal medulla.
C) are involved with salt balance.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

30) Hormones of the adrenal medulla

A) act as neurotransmitters at the endings of sympathetic nerve fibers.
B) effect emergency body functions such as fear and rage.
C) have the same general effects as the sympathetic nervous system.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

31) The pancreas produces two hormones that regulate sugar metabolism by antagonistic action:

A) insulin and glucagon
B) insulin and diabetogenic hormone
C) estrogen and insulin
D) insulin and cortisone
E) epinephrine and norepinephrine

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
32) Many hormones are controlled by negative feedback mechanisms that operate between the endocrine gland and the ______ ______.

33) The two hormones involved in insect metamorphosis are molting hormone and the __________ hormone.

34) The most common invertebrate hormones are peptides and _____________________.

35) Many hormones, upon arriving at a target cell, combine with a receptor site on the membrane to promote the activity of an enzyme thatproduces molecules called the ______ ______.

36) Steroid hormones diffuse directly into target cells where, after combining with cytoplasmic receptors, they translocate to the nucleus and act on specific genes to cause an increase or decrease in _____________________ synthesis.

37) Growth hormone is produced by the _______ ________ gland.

38) The intermediate lobe of an amphibian pituitary produces a pigment-dispersing hormone called ___________ - ___________ hormone.

39) A neurosecretory hormone, stored and released from the posterior pituitary, that has important specialized reproductive functions, is ____________.

40) The posterior pituitary hormone that acts on the kidney to restrict urine flow is _________________.

41) The condition in humans called goiter is caused by an insufficiency of ____________ in the food and water.

42) The hormone produced by the adrenal cortexthat regulates salt balance in the body is called ____________.

43) The maintenance of a normal level of calcium in the blood is under the control of a hormonereleased from the _________ glands.

44) A hormone that lowers the blood calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption by the osteoclasts is
____________.

45) Cortisol causes the conversion of nonglucose compounds, especially amino acids and fats, into glucose by a process called ___________________.

46) The male sex hormone testosterone is produced by the ____________ cells of the testes.

47) The pituitary gonadotropins are _______ _______ ________ and luteinizing hormone (LH).

48) Early in the menstrual cycle of human females, the blood levels of ______ ______ hormone and luteinizing hormone begin to rise slowly, prompting the ovarian follicles to grow and release estrogen.

49) In the human menstrual cycle, ovulation is induced by a surge of ________ ________ from the anterior pituitary gland.

50) After birth, suckling by the baby induces the pituitary gland to release ____________, which stimulates the secretion of pre-formed milk.

51) _____________ is a hormone that regulates eating behavior and energy balance through communication with the hypothalamus.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
52) Generally we consider hormones "untargeted" or adrift in the bloodstream until they float past a target cell or tissue. How is the hypothalamus-pituitary system an exception to this? Why might this system differ?

53) Create a table that compares and contraststhe functions of neurotransmitters with those of parahormones.

54) Outline the basic operational mechanisms of a generalized hormone. Be sure to consider mode of transport, receptors, and target cells.

55) Discuss membrane-bound receptors and the concept of second messengers.

56) Recent evidence suggests that lipid-soluble hormones such as estrogen, may also bind to membrane-bound receptors that activate second messenger systems in the same way as peptide hormones. Explain how a hormone such as this can exhibit multiple and complex systems of control of target cells.

57) Provide an example to explain how a negative feedback system works and why it is so highly effective in preventing hormonal flux.

58) Outline the process of molting in an insect. Show how juvenile or adult features are reached strictly by the titer of specific hormones present.

59) Create a table that list the hormones of the neurohypophysis andtheir target tissues and actions.

60) Why do you suppose there is only one hormone produced by the intermediate lobe of the anterior pituitary?

61) How does the pineal gland regulate sleep cycles and circadian rhythms?

62) Defend the following statement, "brain neuropeptides blur the distinction between the endocrine and nervous systems."

63) Create a table that compares and contrasts the following according to their functions: cytokines, prostaglandins, throxine, and parathyroid hormone.

64) Create a table that compares and contrasts the following according to their functions: cholesterol, glucocorticoids, gluconeogenesis, mineralocorticoids, and aldosterone.

65) Discuss the potential effects of anabolic steroid abuse by teenagers.

66) What role does growth hormone play in metabolism? How is leptinrelated to the storage of energy?

67) Discuss hormonal control of diapause in insects.