Ch35 Immunity – Complete Test Bank – 18th Edition

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Student name:__________

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) What type(s) of cell(s) conduct(s) phagocytosis?

A) macrophages in lymph nodes
B) kupffer cells in sinusoids
C) microglial cells in the brain
D) neutrophils
E) mast cells
F) natural killer cells

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
2) Low-molecular weight glycoproteins that are released by many eukaryotic cells in response to invasion by intracellular parasites are called _____.

A) complement
B) lysozymes
C) macrophages
D) interferons
E) tissue necrosis factors

3) _________________ is produced by macrophages, is a mediator of inflammation, and may help cause fever.

A) Complement
B) Lysozymes
C) A major histocompatibility complex
D) Interferon
E) Tumor necrosis factor

4) _________________ is/are a series of proteins activated in a sequence as a response to invading organisms.

A) Complement
B) Lysozymes
C) A major histocompatibility complex
D) Interferons
E) Tumor necrosis factors

5) When a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium or other foreign particle, how does it destroy the foreign material in the vacuole?

A) By being denied its natural food and surface respiration the bacterium simply ceases to live and breaks apart over time.
B) The phagocyte's nuclear coding is stronger than that of the bacterium.
C) The Golgi body proceeds to use molecules from the foreign body for cell products.
D) A cell lysosome is fused with the foreign particle and digestive enzymes destroy the particle.
E) Cell mitochondria use the foreign material as a fuel for aerobic respiration.

6) What type(s) of cell(s) conduct(s) phagocytosis?

A) macrophages in lymph nodes
B) kupffer cells in sinusoids
C) microglial cells in the brain
D) neutrophils
E) All of the choices are able to phagocytize.

7) Neutrophils and lymphocytes are types of _____.

A) platelets
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) plasma cells
E) epithelial cells

8) The terms "neutrophil" and "basophil" and "eosinophil" refer to

A) whether they are active in acidic, neutral, or basic conditions.
B) their tissue origins.
C) the type of chemical they use to kill cells.
D) stains that are used to identify them.
E) the researchers who described them.

9) Which statement is NOT true about neutrophils?

A) They are phagocytic.
B) They are polymorphonuclear.
C) They are made in lymphoid tissue.
D) They do not produce antibodies.
E) They are the most abundant white blood cell.

10) The acquired immune response in vertebrates has two arms:

A) antibodies and antigens.
B) B and T lymphocytes.
C) cellular and humoral.
D) T H1 and T H2.
E) immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors.

11) Immunoglobulins have a structure that resembles which letter?

A) A
B) B
C) S
D) T
E) Y

12) In a process called __________, an antibody becomes coated with antibody molecules and then macrophages recognize the projecting antibody regions and are stimulated to engulf the particle.

A) co-receptor toxicity
B) cytokinesis
C) antigen-presentation
D) opsonization
E) inflammation

13) Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Inflammation is a very specific response to a limited number of antigens.
B) All immune responses involve antibodies.
C) There are an equal number of memory cells and activated B cells that gave rise to the memory cells.
D) Inflammation is a vital process to defend and repair tissues.
E) All of these choices are correct.

14) The blood typing test relies on ________ of red blood cells.

A) agglutination
B) staining
C) microscopic inspection
D) culturing
E) nuclear identification

15) In a young individual who has never been exposed to a blood transfusion, why does A-type blood have anti-B antibody, whileB-type blood has anti-A antibody?

A) The fetus is exposed to the mother's blood antigens during pregnancy.
B) All individuals already have all possible antibodies at birth so this is normal.
C) That antibodies develop to A and B epitopes on intestinal microorganisms in the intestine.
D) The antibodies are transferred in the saliva from parent to child.
E) The antibodies are made to the recessive blood type that is not expressed.

16) Which of the following invertebrate examples is most like an acquired immune response?

A) American cockroaches reject allografts from the same source more quickly upon second exposure.
B) Most invertebrates reject xenografts.
C) Hemocytes of molluscs release degradative enzymes during phagocytosis.
D) Bacterial infections in some insects stimulate production of antimicrobial peptides that show broad-spectrum activity.

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
17) A substance that stimulates an immune response is called a(n) _____________.

18) Cells bear substances on their surfaces that are the basis of nonself recognition. These substances are _______ ________ _______.

19) The ________________ recognize antigen on the surface of macrophages and activate B cells.

20) Antibodies are large protein molecules classified as ______________.

21) The cells that secrete antibodies are called __________________.

22) Certain proteins in the blood that, together with antibodies, lyse or break up invading cells are called ________________.

23) Many immune responses involve little, if any, ________ and depend on the action of cells only.

24) An immune response against an invading organism or other tissue damage that involves mobilizing leukocytes from capillaries to the site of injury is called the ___________ response.

25) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is commonly called ________.

26) The causative agent of AIDS is _______________ _________ __________.

27) Blood cells differ from one another, and when two different and incompatible blood types are mixed, _________________ happens.

28) Rh incompatibility accounts for a peculiar and often fatal disease of the newborn called ___________________ __________.

29) One of the principal tests of the ability of invertebrate tissues to recognize nonself is grafting a tissue from another individual of the same species. This is called a(n) _________.

30) _________ cells are responsible for retaining antigen memory for faster future immune response.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
31) If lysozyme is found in sweat, saliva, and tears, why can't it be usedas an antibiotic against serious disease agents?

32) Explain why hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) is a problem if the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, but not if the reverse is true.

33) Discuss the following terms: susceptible, resistant, infective, noninfective, immunity.

34) Distinguish between innate immunity and acquired immunity. How are innate mechanisms influenced and sometimes strengthened as a consequence of acquired immune responses?

35) Identify the following: tumor necrosis factor, complement, phagocytosis, leukocytes.

36) How do the following granulocytic leukocytes differ: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils?