Ch32 | Digestion & Nutrition – Test Bank – 18e

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MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Examples of a suspension feeder and a deposit feeder would be, respectively,

A) clams and fish.
B) polychaete annelid and earthworms.
C) earthworms and rotifers.
D) basking sharks and rotifers.
E) earthworms and clams.

2) The evolution of an alimentary system is primarily to allow

A) storage of food before digestion.
B) intracellular digestion.
C) extracellular digestion.
D) filter feeding.
E) fluid feeding.

3) Compare a small animal that soaks up food from its external environment with an animal with a tube type digestive system. What is/are the major advantage(s) of having a tube?

A) it isolates the food the organism ingests.
B) it permits development of specialized enzymes and concentration of digestive juices in different regions.
C) it permits more time for chemical action.
D) additional physical cutting and grinding of the food bolus is made possible.
E) All of the choices are advantages.

4) Digestive enzymes

A) are hydrolases.
B) break chemical bonds by adding water across them.
C) break specific bonds.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

5) When a food molecule is split by a digestive enzyme

A) water is produced.
B) water is used.
C) proteins are produced.
D) food calories are produced.
E) simple sugars are broken apart.

6) The end products of fat digestion are

A) simple sugars.
B) amino acids.
C) only long chain fatty acids.
D) fatty acids, glycerol, and monoglycerides.
E) water and carbon dioxide.

7) The distinction between segmentation and peristalsis (as digestive processes) is mainly

A) separating versus rejoining lumps of food.
B) forward movement versus backward movement.
C) holding useful food versus moving wastes along.
D) dividing and squeezing contents of the intestine in one place versus moving food along.
E) before versus after saliva is added.

8) Salivary amylase begins the digestion of

A) fats.
B) milk.
C) starches.
D) proteins.
E) All of the choices would begin to digest.

9) You are studying a mammalian jaw and note that all of the types of teeth that could be present, are present. Which represents the proper sequence of teeth, from the front to the back, of the mammalian jaw you are studying?

A) incisors, canine, molars, premolars
B) incisors, canine, premolars, molars
C) canine, incisors, premolars, molars
D) canine, incisors, molars, premolars
E) incisors, premolars, canine, molars

10) Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A) pharynx.
B) uvula.
C) epiglottis.
D) glottis.
E) soft palate.

11) The main function of the esophagus is to

A) digest proteins.
B) digest carbohydrates.
C) transport food from the small intestine to the large intestine.
D) transport food from the mouth to the stomach.
E) transport food from the stomach to the large intestine.

12) In the stomach

A) most of the food is digested.
B) most of the nutrients are absorbed.
C) protein digestion begins.
D) carbohydrate digestion is completed.
E) None of the choices is correct.

13) An egg-eating snake carefully retracts its teeth and engulfs a bird egg whole. Once it has completely closed its mouth, it can then break the eggshell internally and let the liquid contents move down the digestive tract. To avoid having the sharp pieces of eggshell proceed to the stomach, it must regurgitate them before they pass the

A) small intestine.
B) epiglottis.
C) cardiac sphincter.
D) pyloric sphincter.
E) esophagus.

14) A bird, insect or worm gizzard is a

A) food storage area.
B) site of food molecule absorption comparable to our small intestine.
C) food crushing and grinding organ.
D) site of water absorption similar to our large intestine.

15) What is the role of HCl in the stomach?

A) symptom of a digestive disorder.
B) only to cause stomach ulcers.
C) digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes fats.
D) aids in the digestion of starch.
E) activates the digestive enzyme pepsinogen.

16) Which of the following digestive enzymes is incorrectly matched to its substrate?

A) pepsin-protein
B) trypsin-nucleic acid
C) salivary amylase-starch
D) lipase-fat
E) rennin-milk

17) Which of the following is an inward folding of the dorsal intestinal wall of an earthworm that enhances food absorption by increasing the surface area of the intestine?

A) villi
B) cannula
C) pylorus
D) typhlosole
E) fistula

18) In the small intestine

A) food is digested and the nutrients are absorbed.
B) there is no digestion, but nutrients are absorbed.
C) mostly water is absorbed.
D) considerable bacterial action occurs on the food.
E) None of the choices is correct.

19) Fat absorption differs from other foods because its breakdown products are

A) formed in the large intestine.
B) absorbed directly into the blood.
C) absorbed into the lacteals &thenthe lymphatic system.
D) absorbed only when glucose is not present.
E) None of the choices is correct.

20) Villi serve to

A) absorb nutrients.
B) secrete bile.
C) produce antibodies.
D) synthesize vitamins.
E) None of the choices is correct.

21) Microvilli form a brush-like border on the cells of the

A) esophagus.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) tongue.
E) pharynx.

22) Which of these do the pancreatic enzymes digest?

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) The pancreatic enzymes do not digest any of these molecules.

23) The large intestine functions mainly in

A) digestion of fats and proteins.
B) digestion of carbohydrates.
C) absorption of water and vitamin production.
D) absorption of amino acids.
E) All of the choices are correct.

24) Which of the following absorb water and ions in insects?

A) typhlosole
B) malpighian tubules
C) micelles
D) rectal glands
E) None of the choices is correct.

25) Brown fat appears to be specialized for which function?

A) the storage of carbohydrates
B) the storage of fatty acids
C) the storage of glycerol
D) the storage of glycogen
E) generation of heat

26) Starches are digested to _______, which is/are converted to ______ in the liver, which is/are broken down to be released as _______ in the blood, respectively.

A) glucose, glycogen, glucose
B) glucose, amino acids, glucose
C) glycogen, glucose, glucose
D) amino acids, glucose, glycogen
E) glucose, glycogen, glycogen

27) The liver produces bile, which functions to

A) eliminate particles of dead red blood cells.
B) helps emulsify fats for digestion.
C) color the feces.
D) All of the choices are correct.

28) Secretin, gastrin, and CCK in mammals are all

A) enzymes used to digest food.
B) hormones that control digestive secretions.
C) breakdown products of digestion.
D) produced in the gut by an acidic pH.
E) All of the choices are correct.

29) The release of secretin is stimulated by the action of

A) the alkaline material in the duodenum.
B) the bile.
C) muscular contractions in the stomach.
D) nerves to the duodenum.
E) strong acid in the small intestine.

30) Secretin functions to stimulate the

A) release of bile to hydrolyze proteins.
B) release of alkaline pancreatic juices.
C) release of gastrin.
D) release of CCK.
E) pituitary to control the pancreas.

31) CCK is

A) a polypeptide hormone.
B) very similar to gastrin.
C) secreted by endocrine cells in the walls of the upper small intestine.
D) secreted in response to fatty acids and amino acids in the duodenum.
E) All of the choices are correct.

32) Vitamins are

A) complex proteins.
B) required in large amounts.
C) a ready source of energy.
D) associated with some enzymes.
E) All of the choices are correct.

33) Vitamins are classified based on

A) whether they affect carbohydrates or proteins.
B) how much they are required.
C) the amount of energy they contain.
D) whether they are water or fat soluble.
E) None of the choices is correct.

34) Vitamins

A) are not sources of energy but are often associated with activity of important enzymes.
B) are chemicals which all animals can synthesize.
C) are chemicals which only humans need.
D) are the basic 20 amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself.
E) are considered sources of energy similar to carbohydrates and fats.

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
35) Nearly all animals are ________ organisms that depend on already synthesized organic compounds.

36) Saliva contains the enzyme ____________.

37) Canine teeth are adapted for seizing and piercing prey and then _________ meat.

38) Digestion in the small intestine is accomplished by enzymes produced by the intestine and the ________.

39) With normal people an increased caloric intake is dissipated as excess heat by a diffuse tissue called ______ ______.

40) Nutrients that are needed for normal growth and maintenance and that must be supplied in the diet are called ____________.

41) The diet of animals must include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, mineral salts, and ___________.

42) The small plants and animals that drift in the ocean's current and provide food for many filter feeders are collectively called ____________.

43) The most characteristic gut movement is _________.

44) Gastric juice contains both hydrochloric acid and ____________.

45) A milk-curdling enzyme found in the stomach of ruminant mammals is ____________.

46) The pancreatic juice contains two powerful proteases, trypsin and ____________.

47) One of the membrane enzymes that originates in the microvillus membrane of the small intestine splits terminal amino acids from the amino end of short peptides and is called ____________.

48) The earthworm increases the surface area of its intestine by this dorsal fold called a _____________.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
49) Blood is a rich food supply but it also readily clots. How does a mosquito or leech solve this problem?

50) Describe the unique pathway for the digestion of fat molecules and indicate why they are not completely broken down, as are other food molecules.

51) The feces of a horse are rather dry and fiber laden while the feces of a cow are diarrheic and eventually dry into a "cowpie." Why would the feces of two animals grazing on the same pasture be so different in water content?

52) Describe one mechanism for regulating food intake.

53) Create a table that compares and contrasts the following: autotroph, phototroph, chemotroph, heterotroph.

54) Create a table that compares and contrasts the following: herbivory, carnivory, omnivory.

55) Compare and contrast the feeding strategies of suspension feeders versus filter feeders.

56) Is the fact that humans are classified as omnivores supported by the fact that humans have variable tooth morphology?

57) Outline the action of the major digestive enzymes.

58) Describe the major compartments and functions of the human digestive system, beginning with the tongue and pharynx.

59) Outline the process of protein digestion.

60) Outline the process of carbohydrate digestion.

61) Outline the process of fat digestion.

62) Discuss the factors that have been positively correlated with the prevalence of obesity in developed countries such as the US.

63) Discuss the functions of white adipose and brown adipose tissue.

64) List and explain the roles of each of the hormones involved in the regulation of digestion.

65) What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins? How does this affect the dosage recommended for human consumption?

66) Discuss the possible relationship between fatty diets and the disease known as atherosclerosis.