Ecological Succession Verified Test Bank Chapter 15 2e

Chapter 15 Ecological Succession

Multiple Choice

1. Primary and secondary succession differ in the
2. intensity of the disturbance.
3. length of the disturbance.
4. effect on soil and nutrients.
5. a and c
6. b and c
7. Which of the following is not true of lodgepole pine succession in Yellowstone?
8. The initial stage of succession is not very flammable.
9. The complete succession takes about 300 years.
10. Lodgepole pines are serotinous.
11. Fuel limits fires in LP3.
12. none of the above
13. Which of the following is impervious to disturbance?
14. coral reefs
15. tropical rain forest
16. tallgrass prairie
17. conifer forest
18. none of the above
19. Which of these disturbances is most variable in its impact?
20. hurricane
21. crown fire
22. glaciation
23. flood
24. none of the above
25. Hurricanes are important disturbance events in the Everglades. This ecosystem has
26. high resistance and high resilience.
27. low resistance and low resilience.
28. high resistance but low resilience.
29. low resistance but high resilience.
30. none of the above
31. The Lake Michigan dunes are a useful system in which to study succession because
32. disturbance occurs regularly.
33. the system has been stable for thousands of years.
34. the distance from the shore is related to the length of time since disturbance.
35. glaciations is the primary disturbance in this system.
36. none of the above
37. Studies of the Lake Michigan dune chronosequence assume
38. colonization is random.
39. colonization depends on dispersal ability.
40. the lake level continuously changes.
41. each community has gone through the same successional sequence.
42. none of the above
43. Pioneer species
44. are excellent competitors.
45. can tolerate harsh abiotic conditions.
46. are resistant to disturbance.
47. are altruistic.
48. none of the above
49. According to the Clementsian paradigm,
50. succession converges on a single climax.
51. climate plays no role in determining the climax community.
52. disturbance is common.
53. succession is rare in most communities.
54. none of the above
55. The prairie peninsula
56. occurs at the western boundary of the prairie.
57. is an example of a disclimax.
58. is due to intense grazing by bison.
59. occurs where fire is rare.
60. none of the above
61. Which of the following is not characteristic of the post-disturbance environment?
62. Light is limiting.
63. Nutrients are limiting.
64. Plant populations are static.
65. Competition for light is reduced.
66. none of the above
67. Early successional plant species are characterized by
68. few effective layers of leaves.
69. competitive ability.
70. low photosynthetic rates.
71. the ability to grow in nutrient poor soil.
72. none of the above
73. Pioneer species
74. are altruistic.
75. are often fugitive species.
76. must increase their competitive ability.
77. are K-selected.
78. none of the above
79. In the facilitation model of succession
80. later species facilitate the persistence of pioneers.
81. early species facilitate the next disturbance.
82. early species facilitate colonization by later species.
83. late species facilitate dispersal by early species.
84. none of the above
85. The inhibition model differs from the facilitation model in that in the
86. inhibition model all species can colonize after disturbance.
87. facilitation model all species can colonize after disturbance.
88. inhibition model colonists inhibit further disturbance.
89. facilitation model pioneers resist invasion by other species.
90. none of the above
91. In Markov chains transitions from one state to another
92. has a specific probability.
93. all have the same probability.
94. occur in a specific sequence.
95. depend on the previous state.
96. none of the above
97. In forest-grassland ecotones in Montana
98. limber pine inhibits all other species.
99. succession occurs by the inhibition model.
100. Douglas fir facilitates limber pine.
101. limber pine facilitates Douglas fir.
102. none of the above

True/False

1. Pioneer species are rarely endangered.
2. Late succession trees have few effective layers of leaves.
3. Under high light conditions, respiration exceeds photosynthesis in early successional species.
4. The adaptations of fugitive species are not an evolutionarily stable strategy.
5. In Markov chains, the current state is independent of previous states.
6. Aplet’s study of succession in spruce/fir forests demonstrates that these forests are in long-term equilibrium.
7. A disclimax occurs where disturbance is frequent.
8. Climate change confounds the study of succession at high latitude.
9. The chronosequence at Glacier Bay represents a single successional sequence.
10. Fugitive species have high reproductive output.

Short Answer/Fill in the Blank

1. What are the characteristics of a community in the theory of patch dynamics?
2. The intensity of competition __________ during secondary succession.
3. __________ are poor competitors that depend on new disturbances.
4. __________ is the degree to which a community withstands disturbance; __________ is the speed with which it recovers from disturbance.
5. The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that in primary succession __________.
6. Facilitation is a process in which __________.
7. Explain the basis of the inhibition model of succession.