Mutualism Ch.13 Full Test Bank Krohne

Chapter 13 Mutualism

Multiple Choice

1. Plant pollination syndromes
2. are adaptations to innate preferences by pollinators.
3. represent floral advertisements.
4. prevent learning by pollinators.
5. deceive the pollinators.
6. none of the above
7. Mutualism can evolve if
8. its benefits equal its costs.
9. it increases fitness even when rare.
10. there are no unsuccessful mutualists.
11. the average fitness of the population does not change.
12. none of the above
13. The yucca and the yucca moth exemplify
14. a pollination parasite.
15. facultative mutualism.
16. obligate mutualism.
17. deceptive pollination.
18. none of the above
19. Termites and their protozoa are
20. specialized mutualists.
21. facultative mutualists.
22. generalized mutualists.
23. required to pollinate larkspurs.
24. none of the above
25. Commensalism
26. is an example of symmetric mutualism.
27. is a form of asymmetric mutualism.
28. benefits both species equally.
29. is an obligate form of mutualism.
30. none of the above
31. The ant-accacia mutualism is an example of
32. transportation mutualism.
33. perfectly symmetric mutualism.
34. deceptive mimicry.
35. a pollination syndrome.
36. none of the above
37. Pollination
38. is a transportation mutualism.
39. is a protection mutualism.
40. requires no learning.
41. is an unstable mutualism.
42. none of the above
43. Which of the following is not an example of a pollination syndrome?
44. bees/blue flowers
45. hummingbirds/red tubular flowers
46. moths/flat, orange flowers
47. bats/nocturnal, fragrant flowers
48. none of the above
49. A floral advertisement
50. is based on genetic behavior of the pollinator.
51. indicates that pollination has not occurred.
52. is independent of the pollinator’s sensory ability.
53. indicates the presence of a nectar or pollen reward.
54. none of the above
55. Mutualism can evolve if
56. it can increase in frequency when rare.
57. the benefits to both species are equal.
58. one species’ benefits outweigh the costs to the other species.
59. pw_sm + qw_um < w_nm.
60. none of the above
61. The evidence suggests that some mutualisms
62. evolved in the earliest angiosperms.
63. evolved more than 400 million years ago.
64. evolved after the present-day oceans separated.
65. preceded wind pollination.
66. none of the above
67. Pollinator constancy
68. benefits only the pollinator.
69. is found in generalist pollinators.
70. decreases pollination efficiency.
71. is enhanced by pollination syndromes.
72. none of the above
73. Carrion crows
74. prey on cuckoos.
75. are preyed on by cuckoos.
76. parasitize cuckoos.
77. are parasitized by cuckoos.
78. none of the above
79. Yuccas deter cheating by yucca moths
80. by aborting flowers with large numbers of moth eggs.
81. by closing the flowers during the day.
82. by offering greater rewards.
83. not producing a pollen reward.
84. none of the above
85. Ecological disturbance
86. is required for coral/zooxanthellae mutualism.
87. favors plants with nitrogen-fixing mutualists.
88. favors cheating by mutualists.
89. moves mutualists to new geographic areas.
90. none of the above

True/False

1. Pollination syndromes require learning by the pollinators.
2. Plants that deceive pollinators have lower fitness.
3. Pollination contains elements of transportation and nutrition mutualism
4. The predation rate on carrion crows decreases when cuckoos parasitize their nests.
5. Pollinator constancy requires generalist pollinators.
6. Fossil evidence indicates that scorpion flies pollinated gymnosperms.
7. Mutualism arises only if pw_sm - qw_um > w_nm.
8. The benefits to each species in mutualism can be difficult to demonstrate.
9. Optimal foraging theory applies to pollinators’ behavior.
10. Floral advertisements attract pollinators genetically programmed to certain floral traits.

Fill in the Blank/Short Answer

1. Bonobos and tamarind trees in the Congo are an example of a __________ mutualism. This relationship is __________.
2. Ants inhabit __________ in bullthorn acacias. __________ found on the leaf tips produce lipids for the ants.
3. The tanager/mistletoe interaction is an example of a __________ mutualism.
4. Ectomycorrhizal fungi provide __________ to the plant and receive __________ from the plant.
5. Lichens are an association between __________ and __________.
6. Give an example of a mutualism that encompasses two major forms of mutualism.

Matching

Match the flower characteristics with the most common pollinator.

Red tubular flowers bees

Nocturnal fragrant flowers hummingbirds

Violet of blue flowers butterflies

Yellow or orange flowers with large landing platforms bats

Answers

Red tubular flowers hummingbirds

Nocturnal fragrant flowers bats

Violet or blue flowers bees

Yellow or orange flowers with large landing platforms butterflies