Chapter 9 Exam Prep Sexuality Over The Lifespan

Chapter 9: Sexuality over the Lifespan

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 01

1. At what age do children first notice that there are differences between binary genders/sexes of males and females?

a) around six months of age

b) between the ages of one and two

c) between the ages of two and three

d) around age four

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 02

2. Sophia is two years old and touches her vulva with her blanket at bedtime each night. How does Sophia's behaviour compare to that of a typical two-year-old?

a) It is normal.

b) It is somewhat unusual but 10 per cent of children do touch themselves.

c) It is highly abnormal for children of normal cognitive functioning to touch themselves.

d) It is somewhat unusual but about 5 per cent of children do touch themselves.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 03

3. What is the most commonly observed sexually transmitted infection in men over 60 in Canada?

a) chlamydia

b) gonorrhea

c) herpes

d) human papillomavirus (HPV)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 04

4. Every time one-year-old Ava cries, her mother immediately rushes to her and picks her up. How might this affect Ava's behaviour when she is sexually mature?

a) Ava may expect her partner to soothe her whenever she is upset.

b) Ava may not take seriously any physical contact intended to demonstrate love.

c) Ava may prefer sexual partners who give her physical space because she felt "smothered" by her mother.

d) Ava is likely to have severe anxiety and troubled attachment.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 05

5. Jonah is a preschooler and has discovered masturbation. What is he likely to learn about it?

a) It reduces tension and provides physical pleasure.

b) He can orgasm easily by rubbing against things, like a blanket.

c) He should do it with others to gain the most satisfaction.

d) He is ready to initiate sexual intercourse.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 06

6. What motivates young children to engage in sexual behaviours?

a) curiosity and exploration

b) insatiable sex drive

c) confusion and irritability

d) modeling parental behaviours

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 07

7. If a child is given some physical contact during infancy but is not allowed to feel safely connected to an adult and thus develops difficulties relating to others, what disorder is likely to be diagnosed?

a) attachment disorder

b) paraphilic disorder

c) securement disorder

d) attention deficit disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 08

8. When does sexual development start?

a) in the fetal stage

b) around 12 months of age

c) around 7 years of age

d) at the same time as puberty

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 09

9. When do males start experiencing erections?

a) in the fetal stage

b) at around 2 years of age

c) at around 7 years of age

d) at the same time as puberty

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 10

10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a) Sexual development starts in infancy.

b) All infants seek love and physical contact from their caregivers.

c) Between the ages of one and two, a child begins to notice that there are physical differences between males and females.

d) All of the above are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 11

11. Which of the following is true of sexual education?

a) Sexual education can begin in early childhood.

b) Sexual education shouldn't begin until adolescence.

c) It is best to avoid discussion of sexuality with children under 12.

d) Sexual education in childhood can make children uncomfortable about asking their parents questions later on.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 12

12. Joanne and Thomas strive to be "askable" parents to their young children. What do "askable" parents do?

a) They proactively use "teachable" situations to talk to their children about sexuality, rather than waiting for questions.

b) They answer any questions their children have about sexuality, but they don't raise the subject otherwise.

c) They welcome questions about love and relationships as long as they are not about sexuality.

d) They ask their children questions about sexuality to gauge their knowledge and understanding of the subject.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 13

13. If parents discover their child "playing doctor" with a friend, what reaction should they have?

a) Parents should take the opportunity to teach the child appropriate expression of sexuality.

b) Parents should ignore the child as if nothing ever happened.

c) Parents should harshly condemn the child's behaviour to ensure that it does not happen again.

d) Parent should separate their child from the friend for at least one year.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 14

14. Maya's mother catches Maya "playing doctor" with a boy named Greg, and both children are undressed from the waist down. What do most psychologists argue is the probable reason Maya is playing this game?

a) Maya and Greg are curious about the difference between their genitals.

b) Maya and Greg enjoy sexual stimulation and have not yet learned that it isn't appropriate during childhood.

c) Maya and Greg have been exposed to explicit sexual activities on television and are simply re-enacting what they have seen.

d) Maya and Greg have no idea that their genitals are different and no interest in comparison; they are simply playing doctor because they enjoy pretend play.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 15

15. Hailey is four years old and Hailey's mother catches her touching her vulvar region while watching television and immediately scolds Hailey and tells her to never, ever do that again. How would a psychologist evaluate Hailey's mother's reaction?

a) The psychologist would be happy that Hailey's mother reacted this way because early sexual stimulation is linked to hypersexual behaviour in adolescence.

b) The psychologist would be unhappy that Hailey's mother reacted this way because children should be free to touch themselves whenever and wherever they please if they are to grow up and have healthy sexual behaviour as adults.

c) The psychologist would warn Hailey's mother that punishing sexual behaviour can lead to the person feeling shameful about sexual activity when they are an adult.

d) The psychologist would be happy that Hailey's mother punished Hailey because research has shown that punishment is the only way to stop children from inappropriate sexual behaviour before adolescence.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 16

16. Which of the following is an example of an "askable" parent?

a) Dana doesn't start conversations about sex with her child but answers all questions when asked

b) Nikos is very concerned about his child knowing about sexuality before puberty so he will answer questions with one of three responses: "yes," "no," or "you are not old enough."

c) Heather answers all questions about sexuality asked by her four year old with the response "you are not old enough."

d) Olga doesn't wait for her children to ask questions to discuss sex; she comments on sexual situations in an age-appropriate manner and also answers questions in an age-appropriate manner when asked.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 17

17. Dina loves playing football, but she's starting to feel like the sport isn't feminine enough. What stage of sexual development is Dina likely in?

a) preadolescence

b) adolescence

c) early childhood

d) infancy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 18

18. Jacob is being raised with lots of information about sexuality from his parents. Compared to a child who is raised with no information about sexuality from his parents, what will Jacob's sexual behaviour likely be like when he is an adult?

a) Jacob is more likely to be promiscuous when he is an adult.

b) Jacob is more likely to feel ashamed about his sexuality when he is an adult.

c) Jacob is more likely to make informed decisions about sexuality when he is an adult.

d) Jacob has a slightly higher likelihood of being bisexual as an adult.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 19

19. What is considered typical sexual behaviour for a 10-year-old boy?

a) At age 10, boys have no interest in sex and never have.

b) At age 10, boys are curious about gender differences but not physically able to masturbate.

c) At age 10, boys are less interested in sex than they were when they were 6.

d) At age 10, boys often begin to masturbate and have an increased curiosity regarding sexuality compared to younger children.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 20

20. Research indicates that a child who is well-educated in sexuality will be __________.

a) more likely to make responsible, informed decisions related to sexual behaviour

b) more likely to engage in sexual behaviours at an earlier age

c) more likely to practice abstinence until marriage

d) more likely to be promiscuous through teen years

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 21

21. What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

a) Primary sex characteristics are directly related to reproduction, and secondary are not.

b) Secondary sex characteristics are directly related to reproduction, and primary are not.

c) Primary sex characteristics are dictated by societal norms, and secondary are chosen by the individual.

d) Secondary sex characteristics are dictated by societal norms, and primary are chosen by the individual.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 22

22. Marcia's 11-year-old daughter, Tanya, has asked for a skimpy bikini for her birthday because all her friends plan to wear sexy swimwear they saw in Teen Vogue this summer. Marcia sees this request as an effect of widespread sexualization of young girls in the society. How could she respond to the request to counteract this effect?

a) She could try to explain to Tanya that she doesn't have to look sexy to be liked by her friends, and that her value as a person doesn't depend on what teen magazines, TV, or the Internet tell her to be.

b) She could ground Tanya for the summer, take away her phone and magazines, and disconnect the internet to cut her off from the bad influence.

c) She could get Tanya a regular swimsuit for her birthday and tell her that if she wants a sexy bikini, she has to find a summer job and buy it herself, to understand the value of money.

d) She could contact all Tanya's friends' mothers and organize an intervention to make the girls understand they bring shame to their families by dressing like little prostitutes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 23

23. What term is most accurately used to describe the condition where people are made to feel as though their value or worth is inextricably linked to their sexual appeal, where they equate their physical attractiveness to being sexy, where they are sexually objectified, and where sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon them?

a) sexualization

b) marginalization

c) semenarche

d) hypersexuality

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 24

24. What conditions have been linked to the sexualization of girls?

a) eating disorders

b) low self-esteem

c) depression

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 25

25. During the last 10-20 years, there is evidence that puberty is beginning at younger ages. According to the text, what is this attributed to?

a) childhood obesity

b) hormonal additives in food

c) vitamin deficiencies

d) genetic modification

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 26

26. What is the primary sexual expression among youth during adolescence?

a) masturbation

b) one-to-one person sex

c) sexual play among friends

d) sexual exploration through games

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 27

27. Levi and Emma recently had their first experiences of sexual intercourse with each other. After, Levi was praised by his peers for having sex, while Emma was questioned by some of her friends as to whether Levi was the right person for her to lose her virginity to. These reactions are an example of __________.

a) sexual double standard

b) sexual scripts

c) gender role expectations

d) gender binaries

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 28

28. Which sexual characteristics are necessary for reproduction?

a) primary sex characteristics

b) secondary sex characteristics

c) primary and secondary sex characteristics

d) primary, secondary, and fertility characteristics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 29

29. Which of the following describes the difference(s) between puberty in boys and puberty in girls?

a) In boys, puberty starts earlier and takes longer to complete.

b) In boys, puberty starts later and takes longer to complete.

c) In boys, puberty starts earlier and takes less time to complete.

d) In boys, puberty starts later and takes less time to complete.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 30

30. Which script do partnered sexual activities in adolescent boys and girls typically follow?

a) the traditional sexual script

b) the adolescent sexual script

c) the normal sexual script

d) the binary sexual script

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 31

31. In Canada, what is the average age for a male or female to have intercourse for the first time?

a) 15

b) 16

c) 17

d) 18

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 32

32. Which of the following is true?

a) Media images of sexualized girls help girls to be more confident about their appearance when they are adults.

b) SGD teens follow the heterosexual sexual script in adolescence but not in adulthood.

c) Sexual adjustment as an adult is not related to early sexual experiences despite "the first time" being seen as a rite of passage.

d) Babies born to teenage mothers are at higher risk of being underweight.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 33

33. What has been observed about condom use in teenagers?

a) Condom use decreases as teenagers get older because teenagers often switch to other non-barrier methods.

b) Condom use increases as teenagers get older because teenagers engage in more intercourse and less oral sex.

c) Condom use increases as teenagers get older because teens know their partner will have had more previous sexual partners.

d) Condom use decreases as teenagers get older because older teenagers feel using condoms implies they are not in a serious and mature relationship.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 34

34. Which of the following could be a reason for decreasing rates of teen pregnancy in Canada?

a) better sex education

b) more effective contraceptive use

c) shifting social norms

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 35

35. Which of the following is a common misconception among teenagers?

a) Sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted through intercourse.

b) Sexually transmitted infections cannot be transmitted through oral sex.

c) Sexual activity without contraception can result in pregnancy.

d) It is important to use condoms, even when it is an early sexual experience.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 36

36. Canadian research has found that being a teen mother is correlated with all of the following EXCEPT __________.

a) being single

b) residing in the western Prairies

c) residing in the Maritimes

d) low socioeconomic status

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 37

37. In Canada, sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates in teenagers have increased in recent years. What maybe be causing this increase?

a) a rise in non-barrier contraceptive use

b) prioritizing pregnancy prevention over STI prevention

c) a belief that STIs aren't transmitted through oral sex

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 38

38. Taylor, a 17-year-old boy, has been attracted only to boys since puberty, but he's been going out only with girls. What could be the reasons for his dating practices?

a) He lives in a rural community and lacks opportunity to engage in SGD behaviour.

b) He wants to explore his sexuality before being in a same-sex relationship.

c) His male friends at school call each other "gay" or "faggot" as an insult.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 39

39. Which of the following is NOT true of levels of interest in sex?

a) Men are more interested in having sex with many different partners than women.

b) Some men prefer to have sex only within a monogamous relationship.

c) Some women desire a lot of sex.

d) All of the above are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 40

40. Casual sex among adults __________.

a) appears to be increasingly common among single men and women

b) is generally shunned in North America and serves only for sexual release

c) is about the same in terms of level of acceptance compared to previous years

d) is rare among most adults in favour of more traditional models of sexuality, and serves mainly to harm committed relationships

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 41

41. What statement is true about the four "types" of casual sex relationships that are identified in the text?

a) Females agree with males on all the definitions except the "friends with benefits" category, which females consider to be a possible precursor to a romantic relationship and males do not.

b) Males agree with females on all the definitions except for the "fuck buddies" category, which they say is the same as "friends with benefits."

c) These types of relationships are distinctly different from one another.

d) Females only classify "one night stands" as casual sex and disagree with males on the definitions of the other three types of casual sex.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 42

42. Which of the following is true concerning sexual activity among people with disabilities and their caregivers?

a) Sexual activity is usually not possible for people with disabilities.

b) Sexual activity can be affected by a lack of privacy that accompanies the lifestyle of many people with physical disabilities.

c) It is always the caregiver's responsibility to ensure that people with severe mental disabilities do not engage in risky sexual activity.

d) The fact that a caregiver may feel uncomfortable assisting in enabling sexual activity for the disabled person they care for is not an important issue.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 43

43. According to research discussed in your text, what factor seems to influence how likely it is for an Asian-Canadian female to engage in premarital sex?

a) level of education

b) assimilation with Western culture

c) socioeconomic status

d) province of residence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 44

44. What impact does level of education have on premarital sex in India?

a) Women with less education are more likely to have intercourse before marriage than girls with more education.

b) Women with less education are less likely to have intercourse before marriage than girls with more education.

c) Education has very little impact on whether a woman has premarital sex in India.

d) Education level has an impact on rates of premarital sex for men but not for women in India.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 45

45. In Ethiopia, which people are less likely to participate in premarital sex?

a) those who have less traditional values

b) those who are less educated

c) those who are older

d) those who drink alcohol

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 46

46. Researchers at the University of British Columbia surveyed European-Canadian and Asian-Canadian students and suggested that __________.

a) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture have more opportunity to increase their sexual knowledge and comfort

b) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture are confused about sexual norms without the support of strong conservative values

c) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture are more prone to sexual dysfunction and deviant behaviours

d) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture more often select sexual partners from among new immigrants

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 47

47. Among people aged 25-29, __________ people have more sex than __________ people.

a) cohabiting; dating or married

b) married or cohabiting; dating

c) dating; cohabiting or married

d) married; cohabiting or dating

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 48

48. Louise is 27 and has been dating John for a couple of years. Her grandmother keeps telling her she should get married because she will soon be past her prime. Her grandmother was married and had two children by the time she turned 27, while Louise is wasting her time on dating. Should Louise listen to her grandmother?

a) Louise can tell her grandmother that times have changed. In her grandmother's youth women did indeed get married in their early twenties, but nowadays the average age for marriage is closer to 30

married in their early twenties, but nowadays the average age for marriage is closer to 30.

b) Her grandmother is right. Louise is past the current Canadian average, which is the age of 25, for a woman's first marriage.

c) Louise should make sure she gets married before she turns 30 because Canadian statistics indicate that couples who marry in their thirties are more likely to divorce than those who marry in their twenties.

d) Louise can tell her grandmother that nowadays it is actually better to marry later because studies show that women in their thirties tend to find wealthier partners.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 49

49. What is one possible disadvantage to a common-law union compared to a legal marriage?

a) Spouses cannot share health benefits.

b) If the relationship ends, the lower-income earner is not entitled to spousal support.

c) If the relationship ends and there are children from the relationship, the father has no custody rights.

d) Common-law spouses cannot share pensions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 50

50. Which of the following is true about couples who live together before getting married compared to couples who do not live together before getting married?

a) They are less likely to divorce.

b) The are more likely to divorce.

c) The are less likely to have children.

d) They are more likely to have children.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 51

51. Sexual satisfaction among married couples is closely associated with __________.

a) marital satisfaction

b) masturbatory satisfaction

c) financial satisfaction

d) cohabitation satisfaction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 52

52. Frida and Giselle have been married for seven years and report having a happy marriage. Which of the following statements are they most likely to make?

a) They want to have sex at the same rate as their partner.

b) They have more sex now than when they began their relationship.

c) Their sexual relationship has become routine.

d) They don't argue.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 53

53. Which of the following models best describes a situation in which marital satisfaction is positive, the rewards outweigh the costs of the relationship, the expectations of the rewards and costs in the relationships are being met, and there is perceived equality between the rewards and costs for each partner?

a) interpersonal exchange model

b) evolutionary psychology

c) social structural model

d) social scripts model

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 54

54. David and Frieda have been married for 13 years, but they have decided to get a divorce. Which of the following is mostly likely true?

a) They are not religious.

b) They married young.

c) They have both been married before.

d) Any of the above is likely to be true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 55

55. Which of the following correlations best describes marriages?

a) People who are happy in their sex lives are happy in their marriages.

b) People who are dissatisfied in their sex lives are happy in their marriages.

c) People who are happy in their sex lives are dissatisfied in their marriages.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 56

56. What is the general conclusion of research related to long-distance dating relationships (LDDR)?

a) Happiness in an LDDR is primarily related to how often the couple sees each other.

b) Happiness in an LDDR is primarily related to how geographically close the couple is to one another.

c) A couple in an LDDR is more likely to break up than a couple in a geographically close relationship.

d) Anxiety and attachment styles may have a significant impact on the success of an LDDR.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 57

57. When married people in Canada are asked what the most important aspect of their relationship is, what do most say?

a) The quality of the sexual relationship is most important.

b) The quality of the friendship is most important.

c) Whether the partner is a good parent and/or provider is most important.

d) The similarity in religious views is most important.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 58

58. What was the result of a 2010 survey conducted by MacIntosh, Reissing, and Andruff, who interviewed married same-sex couples five years after their marriages were made legal?

a) The couples reported almost identical positive and negative aspects to marriage as mixed-sex married couples married for the same amount of time.

b) The couples reported lower marital satisfaction than was reported for mixed-sex married couples married for the same amount of time.

c) The couples reported higher marital satisfaction that mixed-sex couples married for the same amount of time.

d) The divorce rate for same-sex couples was the same as the divorce rate for mixed-sex couples, although for couples still married, marital satisfaction was the same.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 59

59. Approximately what percentage of men report non-consensual non-monogamy (NCNM)?

a) 2 to 5 per cent

b) 5 to 10 per cent

c) 23 to 43 per cent

d) 23 to 63 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 60

60. Which of the following is a predictor for someone engaging in non-consensual non-monogamy (NCNM)?

a) having more education

b) having less education

c) being more religious

d) being female

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 61

61. In Canada, what proportion of marriages end in divorce?

a) about 25 per cent

b) about 40 per cent

c) about 55 per cent

d) about 70 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 62

62. Which of the following is true about people's responses when they find out about non-consensual non-monogamy (NCNM)?

a) Males are more upset by emotional aspects of NCNM and females are more upset by physical aspects of NCNM.

b) Females are more upset by emotional aspects of NCNM and males are more upset by physical aspects of NCNM.

c) Both males and females are most upset by physical aspects of NCNM.

d) Both males and females are most upset by emotional aspects of NCNM.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 63

63. Since same-sex couples have only had the right to marry in Canada since 2005, marital satisfaction is somewhat difficult to measure. Despite this, early research suggests that same-sex couples are experiencing __________.

a) higher than average levels of relationship satisfaction

b) lower than average levels of relationship satisfaction

c) average levels of relationship satisfaction

d) significantly lower than average levels of relationship satisfaction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 64

64. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of someone who engages in extradyadic sex?

a) blue-collar worker

b) male

c) educated

d) less religious

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 65

65. For most older adults, sex __________.

a) is an integral part of their lives

b) is a thing of the past

c) happens rarely and therefore is given little consideration as they age

d) should not be talked about and should happen infrequently

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 66

66. In a global study of the effects of aging on sexual functioning, what change(s) in female sexual functioning did researchers conclude was definitely caused by aging?

a) decrease in vaginal lubrication

b) decrease in vaginal lubrication and decrease in frequency of orgasm

c) decrease in frequency of orgasm and vasocongestion in the genitals

d) decrease in vaginal lubrication and decreased interest in sexual activity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 67

67. What is the most common reason dating can be frustrating for people after divorce?

a) Dating norms may have changed since the divorcee was last on the dating scene.

b) After divorce, most people are less sexually desirable.

c) Divorcees rarely understand the risk of STIs.

d) There are few people dating after divorce.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 68

68. Which of the following is NOT associated with menopause?

a) a complete cessation in sexual activity

b) vaginal dryness and decreased lubrication

c) fatigue, irritability, and hot flashes

d) mood swings and depressive feelings

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 69

69. Which of the following is least likely to be associated with men's sexual activity and aging?

a) a sudden drop in sexual desire and erectile function

b) decrease in testicle size

c) less forceful ejaculation

d) decreased subjective pleasure with orgasm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 70

70. Alice and Henry have been married for 53 years and are both 75 years old. What is the probability that Alice and Henry have sexual intercourse at least three times a month?

a) 5 per cent

b) 15 per cent

c) 25 per cent

d) 50 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 71

71. Which of the following statements best describes sexuality in older adults?

a) Many people continue to enjoy partnered sexual activity well into their later years, though with aging there is more of a focus on quality, not quantity.

b) Some people continue to enjoy partnered sexual activity well into their later years, though with aging there is more of a focus on avoiding awkward communication with partners.

c) All people continue to enjoy partnered sexual activity well into their later years, though with aging there is more of a focus on increasing the frequency of sex to make up for lost time.

d) Rarely do people continue to enjoy partnered sexual activity well into their later years, though with aging there is more of a focus on reaching orgasm quickly.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 72

72. Which of the following statements best describes sexual activity in older adults?

a) Foreplay becomes the "mainplay."

b) Orgasm becomes the focus.

c) Foreplay becomes rushed to avoid losing erections.

d) Penetration becomes the foreplay.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 73

73. Which of the following is NOT true of sexual activity in older adults?

a) Sexual activity is much shorter for older adults.

b) Sexual activity is seen as a problem behaviour in nursing homes.

c) There is more focus on foreplay.

d) All of the above are true.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 74

74. What percentage of older adults over 75 still engage in sexual activity three or more time per month?

a) more than 50 per cent

b) less than 50 per cent

c) less than 10 per cent

d) more than 90 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 75

75. What challenges may older adults in assisted-care facilities face in maintaining sexual activity?

a) lack of privacy

b) poor attitudes by health care workers that may see sex as a problem

c) negative or patronizing attitudes

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 76

76. What discriminatory factor may healthcare professionals hold against older adults that may interfere with routine screening for sexually transmitted infections?

a) ageism

b) lack of STI knowledge

c) sexual discrimination

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 77

77. What factors may contribute to the rise of sexually transmitted infections among older adults?

a) no risk of pregnancy

b) thinning of the vaginal walls

c) lower immune system function

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 78

78. Which of the following statements is true with relation to SGD youth and sexuality?

a) Dating can often be very difficult for SGD teenagers because of lack of opportunity.

b) Dating can often be very difficult for SGD teenagers because of social disapproval.

c) SGD youth may experience confusion about how their sexual orientation fits (or does not fit) into the social norms of their peer group.

d) All of the above are true statements.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 79

79. Which statement best reflects the fact that marital satisfaction follows a trend similar to that of sexual frequency?

a) It declines during the first few years of marriage, then rises until mid-life, and then starts to decline again.

b) It peaks during the first few years of marriage, then declines until mid-life, and then starts to rise again.

c) It peaks during the first few years of marriage, then rises until mid-life, and then starts to decline.

d) It peaks during the first few years of marriage, then declines until mid-life, and then starts to decline again.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 80

80. Which of the following statements is not true about divorce in Canada?

a) Divorce rates have stayed stable in the past 10-15 years.

b) Divorce rates have risen in the past 10-15 years.

c) Approximately 40 per cent of Canadian marriages end in divorce.

d) People who have been divorced before are more likely to divorce in subsequent marriages.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 81

81. Mary is 46 years old and is feeling fatigued and irritable. Her periods are becoming less regular and she is experiencing vaginal dryness. What life stage is Mary most likely in?

a) menopause

b) perimenopause

c) postmenopause

d) menarche

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 82

82. Approximately what percentage of youth living in the United States report experiencing sexual intercourse before age 13?

a) 3 per cent

b) 8 per cent

c) 15 per cent

d) 20 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 83

83. Which of the following statements is false about sexuality and ageing?

a) Men express more concern about sexual difficulties with increasing age.

b) Women express more concern about sexual difficulties with increasing age.

c) Sexuality in older adults is a complex and multi-determined process.

d) Men experience more sexual problems associated with the biological effects of aging.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 84

84. Which theory of sexual satisfaction posits that marriages are happy when the rewards outweigh the costs of the relationship?

a) the business model of sexual satisfaction

b) the economic model of sexual satisfaction

c) the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction

d) the monetary exchange model of sexual satisfaction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 85

85. We know that attitudes toward virginity and premarital sex vary across cultures. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a) In India, the vast majority of people do not have premarital sex.

b) In Ethiopia, the vast majority of people do not have premarital sex.

c) Those that participated in premarital sex in India tended to be less educated.

d) Those that participated in premarital sex in Ethiopia tended to be younger.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 86

86. Which of the following is true in relation to teenage unplanned pregnancy in Canada?

a) Teen pregnancy rates are declining in Canada.

b) Teen pregnancy rates are increasing in Canada.

c) Teen pregnancy rates are remaining stable in Canada.

d) Becoming a teen mother is not related to low socioeconomic status.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 87

87. As a child's manual dexterity improves, they may begin to masturbate. At what age might a child begin to masturbate?

a) age 2 or 3

b) age 4 or 5

c) age 6 or 7

d) age 8 or 9

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 88

88. People involved in a romantic and/or sexual relationship living together without being married are ________.

a) common-law

b) cohabitating

c) single

d) friends with benefits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 89

89. Having sexual intercourse for the first time can affect people differently because of widely held ________ between the binary genders/sexes.

a) religious beliefs

b) peer pressures

c) sexual double standards

d) conspiracy theories

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 90

90. What is one reason that prevents routine STI testing in older sexually active adults?

a) ageism on the part of health care professionals

b) lack of knowledge on the part of health care professionals

c) lack of access to health care professionals on the part of older adults

d) the changing language around sexually transmitted infections

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 01

1. In her 2008 book From Diapers to Dating: A Parent's Guide to Raising Sexually Healthy Children from Infancy to Middle School, Debra Haffner calls parents who initiate talks about sexuality with their child "__________" parents.

Feedback: askable

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 02

2. The first ejaculation that a male experiences at puberty is known as __________.

Feedback: semenarche

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 03

3. The most likely cause of a decrease in the age of menarche in girls in recent years is an increase in childhood __________.

Feedback: obesity

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 04

4. When a male has sex for the first time, it is seen as positive and "becoming a man," whereas for a female, it is seen as negative and "losing virginity." The term used to refer to this differing view between the value of sexual experience in males and females is the __________ __________ __________.

Feedback: sexual double standard

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 05

5. In Canada, the average age for men at the time of divorce is __________.

Feedback: 45

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 06

6. The negative emotion that often results when relationship partners spend increased time on social networking websites is __________.

Feedback: jealousy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 07

7. The stage in life when a woman begins producing less estrogen and progesterone is __________.

Feedback: perimenopause

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 08

8. The type of prejudice that may lead health care professionals to provide less information about sexually transmitted infections to older adults is called __________.

Feedback: ageism

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 09

9. The term for living together without being married is __________.

Feedback: cohabitation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 10

10. When people are made to feel as though their worth is extrinsically linked to their sexual appeal, they are subject to __________.

Feedback: sexualization

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 11

11. The first incidence of menstruation is known as __________.

Feedback: menarche

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 12

12. During puberty, the primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop as a result of __________ changes.

Feedback: hormonal

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 13

13. Puberty typically begins __________ for girls than boys.

Feedback: earlier

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 14

14. Typically, puberty lasts about __________ to __________ years

Feedback: three, four

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 15

15. Andi and Max are teenagers who are exploring sexual behaviours. Their behaviours will most likely follow the __________ sexual script.

Feedback: traditional

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 16

16. The average age of first intercourse for both males and females in Canada is __________.

Feedback: 17

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 17

17. Data suggests that sexually active teens are MOST concerned about preventing __________.

Feedback: pregnancy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 18

18. Long-distance relationships can be successful if both partners maintain a(n) __________ __________ about the relationship.

Feedback: positive attitude

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 19

19. Marital satisfaction is positively __________ with sexual satisfaction.

Feedback: correlated

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 20

20. Features that are not directly related to reproduction that develop at puberty are ________ sex characteristics.

Feedback: secondary

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 21

21. When sex outside of the primary relationship is sometimes permitted or even encouraged, those who engage in this practice may consider themselves ________, which is derived from Greek meaning "many loves".

Feedback: polyamorous

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 22

22. Following menopause, women today spend a significant portion of their lives in what is called ________.

Feedback: postmenopause

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 23

23. Freud's developmental stage referred to as the "latency period" occurs in the period of life between the ages of 8 and 12 most commonly called ________.

Feedback: preadolescence

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 24

24. The main sex organs that are necessary for reproduction are referred to as ________ sex characteristics.

Feedback: primary

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 01

1. Discuss the topic of sexualization in preteen girls. How does it originate? What are the consequences of sexualization on later sexual development?

Feedback: Sexualization occurs when people are made to feel as though their value or worth is inextricably linked to their sexual appeal, when they equate their physical attractiveness to being sexy, when they are sexually objectified, and when sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon them. Evidence for the sexualization of preadolescent girls can be found in the media (television, movies, music, magazines, the Internet, etc.) as well as in consumer products marketed toward girls under 10 (e.g., Bratz dolls, thong underwear). Parents, teachers, and peers can also convey the message that physical attractiveness and sexuality are highly valued in young girls, and the results of this sexualization can be harmful. Self-objectification has been associated with anxiety about appearance and feelings of shame in 12- and 13-year-old girls. Sexualization of girls has also been linked to eating disorders, low self-esteem, and depression. Additionally, girls who are exposed to sexualized media are more likely to endorse sexual stereotypes of women as sexual objects, and they are more likely to place high value on appearance and physical attractiveness.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 02

2. What are five reasons why North American girls may be choosing to have oral sex instead of sexual intercourse?

Feedback: 1. They believe that they are at less risk for sexual transmitted infections.

2. They wish to prevent pregnancy.

3. Oral sex may be more socially acceptable than intercourse.

4. Oral sex is viewed as less intimate than intercourse.

5. Oral sex is an option when you aren't yet ready for intercourse.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 03

3. What are some of the possible reasons for a change in the average age of first marriage between 1972 and 2008?

Feedback: The average age of first marriage has increased by about seven years for both men and women between 1972 and 2008, from about age 23 to about age 30. There are many possible reasons for this. For one, more people are attending post-secondary education and incurring great debt in the process; as a result, more people are choosing to live at home longer and delay getting married until they are financially stable. In addition, as suggested above, more people are living together first before getting married. Further, women are less financially dependent on men than they were in the past and, as such, are able to be more selective when choosing a mate. Finally, it is much more acceptable today than in the past for women to delay childbearing until their thirties or to have children without being married, so women today likely feel less pressure to get married and start a family at a young age.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 04

4. What factors contribute to the likelihood of a divorce?

Feedback: Age may be a contributing factor, as Canadian couples who marry young may be more likely to divorce than couples who were older at the time of marriage. In addition, religion can have a protective effect on a marriage, as Canadians who attend religious services during the year—even if only just a few—have been shown to be less likely to divorce than those who do not attend such services. Finally, people who have been divorced before are more likely to divorce in subsequent marriages.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 05

5. Discuss at least two life situations where caregivers must make ethical decisions about whether to facilitate sexual activity for the people they care for. Discuss the situations and the ethical dilemma. If you feel strongly about what is ethical/unethical, you can discuss your position.

Feedback: There are three possible situations discussed in the chapter. One is when caring for someone with a physical disability. The ethical dilemma is the extent to which the caregiver is responsible for helping that person have safe sex. Another scenario is when caring for someone with a mental disability. The ethical dilemmas involved may be whether the person is mature enough for sex and whether the caregiver is responsible for that person not getting pregnant or impregnating someone and not contracting a sexually transmitted infection. Another scenario is when the person is in a senior's home and has little privacy and may not have a partner but may have sexual interest. The ethical dilemma is whether the caregiver must find a sexual partner and make sure they have safe sex.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 06

6. Describe the main characteristics of sexuality in infancy.

Feedback: Sexual development starts while the fetus is growing in the womb. Erections have been noted in male fetuses, and male infants may experience reflexive erections beginning shortly after birth. Signs of physiological arousal in female infants, such as vaginal lubrication, are harder to detect but have also been reported. Infants are able to derive physical pleasure from tactile contact with their caregivers and from sucking (e.g., breastfeeding, or sucking on pacifiers, hands, and toys), which is pleasurable because of the heightened sensitivity of the mouth. They are also able to derive physical pleasure from self-stimulation, and it is common for infants to rub their genitals against something such as a blanket or a toy; this may occur in infants as young as two months old.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 07

7. Freud described the preadolescence stage as the "latency period" because he theorized that there was little sexual interest or activity during this period. Discuss more recent research on the matter and possible explanations for why Freud suggested this.

Feedback: Preadolescence, which generally occurs between the ages of eight and 12, is the developmental stage that Freud referred to as the "latency period" (see Chapter 2), suggesting that children's interest in sex and sexuality decreases during this stage. While this may be true for some preadolescents, more recent research and observations suggest that children's interest in sex typically increases during this stage, particularly around the age of 10 (Herdt & McClintock, 2000). Masturbation is the primary form of sexual expression among preadolescents, with males being more likely than females to masturbate frequently and to experience orgasm (Schwartz, 1999). In those children who show a decreased interest in their bodies and sex differences, it may be that parents' negative reactions to earlier open displays of body exploration taught them to hide when exploring their bodies. Socialization and an effort on the part of the child to adopt appropriate social norms may also result in less overt exploration activities (Friedrich, Grambsch, Broughton, Kuiper, & Beilke, 1991). Toward the end of the preadolescent period, as their interest in dating increases, many children begin to explore their emerging sexuality by playing socially acceptable sexualized games like "spin the bottle".

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 08

8. Discuss the potential pros and cons of living together before marriage.

Feedback: There are advantages and disadvantages to living together before marriage. Cohabiting can give a couple a chance to get to know each other better without making a legal or financial commitment to each other, which may allow them to make a more informed decision about whether or not they want to marry. Another advantage is that cohabiting people between the ages of 25 and 29 have a higher frequency of sex than either dating or married people have. On the other hand, couples who live together may experience conflict if their visions of the future divert, particularly if one would like to marry but the other would not. Canadians who do get married after cohabiting are 50 per cent more likely to get divorced than those who marry without having first cohabited. There may be many reasons for this higher divorce rate among couples who cohabited before marriage; for example, such couples may hold less traditional views of marriage, or they may simply view all relationships, even those formally recognized under the law, as temporary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 09

9. Compare the physical effects of aging between men and women in relation to sexual behaviour.

Feedback: Women typically enter perimenopause, the life stage in which the ovaries begin to produce less estrogen and progesterone, sometime in their late forties. Initially they might not feel any of the effects of perimenopause, but some women start to feel what are usually referred to as "menopausal symptoms," such as mood swings, depressive feelings, sleep disturbance, fatigue, irritability, hot flashes, and night sweats. Menstrual periods may become heavier, lighter, and/or less regular, and vaginal dryness and decreased lubrication may be noticed. Around the age of 51, women in the Western world tend to experience menopause, the life stage in which they have their last menstrual period; the time after the last menses is referred to as postmenopause. Women today spend a significant amount of their lives in the postmenopausal stage. Hormone levels continue to fluctuate until about five years postmenopause, at which point levels stabilize and most women no longer experience menopausal symptoms.

In older men, the relationship between the physical effects of aging and sexual impairment appears to be more linear that it does in women, but as with women, there is significant variation in how aging affects an individual's sexuality. Many men find that it takes them longer to have an erection, as the penis tends to become less sensitive to stimulation with age, and their erections are less firm and less reliable. The testicles also decrease in size and ejaculations become less forceful, which can sometimes lead to decreased subjective pleasure with orgasm. Further, the refractory period after an orgasm, during which most men are unable to have another erection, increases. With regard to sexual dysfunction, older age is associated with increasing degrees of erectile dysfunction, a decrease in sexual desire, and more difficulty having orgasm. A steady decrease in testosterone in the brain and body of older men has also been associated with the decline in sexual function and, in particular, sexual desire. Lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking) can also affect erectile responsiveness, but in general, vascular and nerve damage become more pronounced as men get older.