Chapter 4: Combating Evil

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which “face of evil” forces us to examine our motives?

A. dreadful approach

B. deception approach

C. administrative approach

D. sanctioned destruction approach

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facing Evil

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Which “face of evil” focuses on the power of situational factors to produce evildoing?

A. deception approach

B. evil as ordinary approach

C. evil as choice approach

D. sanctioned destruction approach

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evil as Ordinary

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. The FIRST step of the forgiveness process is ______.

A. finding meaning in undeserved suffering

B. dropping our anger and becoming emotionally neutral

C. acknowledging the hurt

D. recognizing the high price of dwelling on the injury

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. Which of the following is true of forgiveness?

A. offered only when the offender repents

B. forgets the past to move forward

C. strives to be emotionally neutral

D. takes place over an extended period of time

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. Which of the following is a benefit of forgiving others?

A. a greater sense of well-being

B. better physical health

C. improved relationships

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. Bringing warring groups together begins with ______.

A. rejecting revenge in favor of restraint

B. empathy for the enemies’ humanity

C. commitment to restore the broken relationship

D. recalling the past and rendering a judgment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. Which of the following is not a component of the definition for workplace spirituality?

A. community

B. inner life

C. endurance

D. meaningful work

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

8. Which of the following is not a danger posed by workplace spirituality?

A. imposing particular religious or spiritual views on followers

B. demanding unquestioning obedience

C. using spirituality as a tool to increase productivity

D. demonstrating respect for other’s values

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

9. Which common spiritual practice involves self-examination?

A. listening responsively

B. demonstrating respect for others’ values

C. engaging in reflective practice

D. appreciating the contributions of others

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

10. A textbook example of evil as ______ is the Rwandan genocide.

A. deception

B. bureaucratic

C. ordinary

D. choice

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evil as Ordinary

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

11. In the four-stage model of forgiveness, at the ______ step, the injured party realizes he or she is paying a high price for dwelling on the injury and considers possibilities.

A. uncovering

B. decision

C. work

D. deepening

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

12. In the four strands that explain how warring groups can bind together, ______ means to reject revenge in favor of restraint.

A. empathy

B. commitment

C. forbearance

D. moral truth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

13. In the four strands that explain how warring groups can bind together, ______ is used to restore the broken relationship.

A. empathy

B. commitment

C. forbearance

D. moral truth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

14. Which of the following is not a component of the 5-R model for evaluating apologies?

A. recognition

B. repetition

C. remorse

D. reevaluating

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

15. According to Ashmos and Duchon, the ______ refers to the fact that employees have spiritual needs.

A. meaningful work

B. community

C. inner life

D. exterior life

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

16. ______ refers to the fact that organization members desire connection to others.

A. Meaningful work

B. Community

C. Inner life

D. Exterior life

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

17. ______ is a concern about future consequences of actions for this and future generations.

A. Humanism

B. Generativity

C. Benevolence

D. Humility

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

18. ______ promotes honesty, sincerity, and candor.

A. Justice

B. Mutuality

C. Integrity

D. Humility

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

19. ______ evil is based on technology and logic.

A. Administrative

B. Ordinary

C. Deception

D. Coercive

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Facing Evil

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

20. In the ______ stage of forgiveness, the forgiver recognizes the high price he or she is paying for dwelling on the injury.

A. acceptance

B. denial

C. decision

D. deception

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

21. Workplace spirituality emphasizes inner life, meaningful work, and ______.

A. beauty

B. community

C. purpose

D. ethics

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

22. In the ______, aggression provokes retaliation which in turn provokes further aggression.

A. cycle of deception

B. cycle of despair

C. cycle of evil

D. cycle of denial

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Breaking the Cycle of Evil

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

23. The evil as ______ perspective focuses on the situational factors that cause normal people to become evildoers.

A. ordinary

B. deception

C. despair

D. administration

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evil as Ordinary

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

24. ______ can help restore the dignity of victims and promote healing.

A. Correspondence

B. Thankfulness

C. Prayer

D. Apologies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

25. Many ______ (pseudo or inauthentic) come up short.

A. correspondence

B. thankful words

C. prayers

D. apologies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

26. ______ is confidence in the character and truthfulness of the organization and its representatives.

A. Humility

B. Integrity

C. Trust

D. Care

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

27. ______ apologies do not question whether the victim was damaged.

A. Humble

B. Authentic

C. Trusting

D. Caring

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

28. ______ is likely to continue when others fail to intervene to stop it.

A. Power

B. Evil

C. Wrongdoing

D. Care

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evil as Ordinary

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

29. The first phase of the four-stage model of forgiveness is ______, a victim may initially deny that a problem exists.

A. decision

B. uncovering

C. work

D. deepening

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

30. The fourth and final phase of the four-stage model of forgiveness, ______, describes the outcomes of forgiving.

A. decision

B. uncovering

C. work

D. deepening

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

31. ______ is the recognition that employees have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of community.

A. Workplace spirituality

B. Moral identity

C. Moral reasoning

D. Deepening

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

32. Which of the following is not one of the strands of forgiveness as noted in Shriver’s analogy of a cable?

A. moral truth

B. empathy

C. forbearance

D. compassion

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

33. Which of the following is not part of the 5-R model for evaluating the apologies of others?

A. remorse

B. recognition

C. respect

D. repetition

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

34. With ______, the person takes concrete steps to aid the victim.

A. restitution

B. remorse

C. respect

D. repetition

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

35. ______ refers to the fact that workers typically are motivated by more than material rewards.

A. Inner life

B. Workplace spirituality

C. Meaningful work

D. Meaningful life

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

36. ______ is kindness toward others, desire to promote the happiness, and prosperity of employees.

A. Benevolence

B. Humility

C. Integrity

D. Compassion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

37. Which of the following was not listed in the text as a face of evil?

A. ordinary

B. dreadful pleasure

C. exclusion

D. disgust

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Faces of Evil

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

38. Which “face of evil” is committed by people who are convinced they are doing good?

A. ordinary

B. idealism

C. bureaucracy

D. choice

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evil as Idealism

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

39. Evil as ______ is often based on technology and logic.

A. ordinary

B. idealism

C. bureaucracy

D. choice

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evil as Bureaucracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

40. A vague apology is an example of an ______ apology.

A. authentic

B. invalid

C. inauthentic

D. unjust

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

True/False

1. More and more academics are studying the link between spiritual values and practices and organizational performance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. To forgive, we must forget past wrongs and move on.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. Religion and spirituality are interchangeable terms.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. Evildoers are often ordinary people.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evil as Ordinary

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. The evil as choice perspective emphasizes the motivations behind evil.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Facing Evil

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. The positive outcomes of forgiving are experienced in the deepening phase of the forgiveness process.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. In order for warring groups to reconcile, both parties must acknowledge that one or both caused injury.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

8. In evil as ordinary group, members draw a mental circle.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evil as Exclusion

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

9. A number of scholars argue that we become good or evil through a series of small, incremental decisions.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evil as a Choice

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

10. Authentic apologies are frequently vague.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Short Answer/Essay

1. Briefly describe the four-stage model of forgiveness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Define workplace spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. According to Robert Enright, professor of educational psychology and president of the International Forgiveness Institute at the University of Wisconsin, name four things forgiveness is NOT.

Forgetting past wrongs to “move on”

Excusing or condoning bad, damaging behavior

Reconciliation or coming together again (forgiveness opens the way to reconciliation, but the other person must change or desire to reconcile)

Reducing the severity of offenses

Offering a legal pardon

Pretending to forgive in order to wield power over another person

Ignoring the offender

Dropping our anger and becoming emotionally neutral

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. Describe the benefits of apologies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. Describe the four strands that can help bring reconciliation between warring groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. Name and briefly describe the common spiritual practices that help leaders become more ethical and effective.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. Identify the possible dangers of workplace spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

8. Compare and contrast the six faces of evil. What overall picture of evil emerges from your analysis?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Faces of Evil

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

9. What are some of the improvements spirituality can make in the workplace?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

10. As a follower, what steps can you take to resist pressure to do evil?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Facing Evil

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

11. Is forgiveness “one of a leader’s most powerful weapons in the fight against evil?” Why or why not?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Forgiveness Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

12. What role should spirituality play in shaping a leader’s ethical decisions and behavior? Defend your position.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

13. Which spiritual discipline would be most useful to you as a leader? Describe how you could use this practice to further your development as a leader.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

14. Use the values described in the chapter to evaluate the spiritual health of your organization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Spirituality and Leadership

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

15. In the 5-R model for evaluating the apologies of others, list each category and describe each.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

16. Discuss some of the “wrong” ways to apologize.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Seeking Forgiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

17. Explain a time when you observed a leader break the cycle of evil by forgiving instead of retaliating.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Breaking the Cycle of Evil

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning