Chapter 3: The Leader’s Character

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which virtue is made up of self-awareness, openness, and transcendence?

A. reverence

B. integrity

C. humility

D. grit

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Humility

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Which virtue emphasizes foresight and caution?

A. justice

B. reverence

C. prudence

D. humility

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Wisdom and Prudence (Practical Wisdom)

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. Which habit is based on the idea that “all things are created twice?”

A. put first things first

B. think win/win

C. sharpen the saw

D. begin with the end in mind

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developing Habits

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. Which habit emphasizes a cooperative approach to communication?

A. be proactive

B. think win/win

C. synergize

D. seek first to understand, then to be understood

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developing Habits

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. For those with a highly developed sense of ______, to betray their ethical values is to betray themselves.

A. moral landscape

B. moral identity

C. moral reality

D. moral compass

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Forming a Moral Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. A research scientist would be a prototype or example of which value orientation?

A. theoretical

B. economic

C. political

D. aesthetic

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. Which type of courage enables followers to confront their leaders who are acting in a destructive manner?

A. courage to serve

B. courage to participate in transformation

C. courage to leave

D. courage to challenge

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Courageous Followership

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

8. Treating others with respect and promoting their development is the most important Confucian virtue of ______.

A. prudence

B. humility

C. benevolence

D. compassion

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

9. Developing a ______ is the best way to keep the end or destination in mind.

A. formal agenda

B. map plot

C. mission statement

D. strategic plan

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developing Personal Mission Statements

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

10. For what kind of value would fit the prototype for small business owners?

A. aesthetic

B. social

C. entrepreneurial creativity

D. theoretical

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

11. Navy SEALS and professional athletes are an example of which prototype?

A. pure challenge

B. sense of service

C. lifestyle

D. theoretical

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

12. Someone who values ______ appreciates challenges, hard work, and improvement.

A. belonging

B. concern for others

C. creativity

D. pure challenge

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

13. Someone who values ______ appreciates predictability.

A. humility

B. scientific understanding

C. concern for environment

D. security/stability

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

14. Those driven by ______ values generally have a lower quality of life.

A. internal

B. financial

C. external

D. intrinsic

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

15. ______ are repeated behaviors or routines that foster virtuous behavior.

A. Values

B. Habits

C. Ethics

D. Roles

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developing Habits

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

16. Stephen Covey refers to the continual renewing of physical, mental, social/emotional, and spiritual dimensions as ______.

A. long in the tooth

B. hair of the tiger

C. sharpening the saw

D. hitting the nail on the head

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developing Habits

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

17. ______ provide a frame of reference, helping us to set priorities and to determine right from wrong.

A. Ethics

B. Habits

C. Values

D. Roles

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

18. ______ refers to completeness or wholeness.

A. Ethics

B. Habits

C. Values

D. Integrity

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Integrity

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

19. Moderation is the key to practicing the virtue of ______.

A. integrity

B. values

C. roles

D. temperance

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Temperance

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

20. ______ can encourage us to endure in the face of hardship, such as physical disability or an economic setback.

A. Courage

B. Integrity

C. Roles

D. Temperance

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courage

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

21. ______ are more willing to face the reality of defeat.

A. Pessimists

B. Optimists

C. Passivists

D. Negativists

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Optimism

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

22. CCL staffers Moxley and Pulley believe hardships differ from other challenging experiences because they involve ______.

A. success

B. loss

C. conflict

D. communications

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Learning From Hardship

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

23. Being ______ makes them sensitive to ethical issues and encourages them to act morally.

A. moral

B. humble

C. ethical

D. virtuous

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

24. Which of the following is not an important feature of virtues?

A. Virtues are not easily developed or discarded but persist over time.

B. Virtues are best learned in early childhood.

C. Virtues shape the way leaders see and behave.

D. Virtues help leaders live better lives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

25. Moderation is key to practicing ______.

A. temperance

B. courage

C. virtuous behavior

D. ethics

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Temperance

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

26. ______ draws upon knowledge and experience to promote the common good over both the short term and the long term.

A. Courage

B. Wisdom

C. Ethics

D. Prudence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Wisdom and Prudence (Practical Wisdom)

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

27. Leaders with ______ are honest in their dealings with others.

A. courage

B. ethics

C. prudence

D. integrity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Integrity

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

28. Which of the following is not a listed component of humility?

A. self-awareness

B. openness

C. integrity

D. transcendence

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Humility

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

29. ______ is acknowledging that there is a greater power than the self.

A. Humility

B. Transcendence

C. Integrity

D. Openness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Humility

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

30. ______ is an orientation that puts others ahead of the self.

A. Compassion

B. Transcendence

C. Integrity

D. Self-awareness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Compassion (Kindness, Generosity, Love)

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

31. Virtues need to be embedded into our self-concepts and behavior to develop a ______.

A. moral landscape

B. moral identity

C. moral outlook

D. moral framework

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Forming a Moral Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

32. Our moral identity is both a ______ and a ______.

A. trait; state

B. framework; outlook

C. idea; thought

D. reason; framework

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Forming a Moral Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

33. All of the following are examples of hardship events that leaders face EXCEPT ______.

A. career setbacks

B. personal trauma

C. problem employees

D. career advancement

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Learning From Hardship

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

34. Values have to be translated into ______.

A. action

B. wealth

C. common ground

D. stories

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

35. Which of the following is not a noted feature about virtues?

A. Virtues shape the way leaders see and behave.

B. Once developed, they are less influenced by a situation.

C. Virtues don’t make a leader’s life better.

D. Virtues develop over time.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

36. Ethical leaders recognize that ______ is risky but continue to model ethical behavior despite the danger.

A. moral obligation

B. moral relief

C. moral action

D. courage

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courage

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

37. ______ describes the motivation to pursue long-term goals with sustained effort.

A. reverence

B. integrity

C. humility

D. grit

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Grit

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

38. What are the two main facets of grit?

A. peace and prosperity

B. integrity and passion

C. perseverance and passion

D. peace and perseverance

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Grit

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

39. Even though Robert was often teased by his coworkers about some of his work habits, he chose to practice ______ and remain calm despite their provocation.

A. temperance

B. integrity

C. humility

D. grit

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Temperance

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

40. A ______ is a critical part of a person’s self-image, so important that he or she would never give it up.

A. moral compass

B. moral action

C. life value

D. career anchor

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

True/False

1. Values, though critical, have to be translated into action.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Virtues operate independently of the particular situation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. Courageous leaders ignore risks and dangers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courage

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. What sets exemplars apart from the rest of us is the extent of their engagement in moral issues.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Finding Role Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. Humble leaders have low self-esteem.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Humility

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. Character is often “more caught than taught.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Finding Role Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. In the West, Greek philosopher Aristotle (383–322 B.C.) argued that ethical decisions are the product of individual character.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

8. Pope Francis is a contemporary leader with high moral identity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Forming a Moral Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

9. Someone who values humility appreciates new ideas and creations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

10. Someone who appreciates scientific understanding appreciates others making their own decisions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Short Answer/Essay

1. Name the five common categories of hardship and provide an example of what each type of hardship can teach a leader.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Learning From Hardship

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Describe the characteristics of virtues.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. Name and explain the eight important virtues for leaders.

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. What types of courage do followers need to demonstrate?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courageous Followership

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. What are the five common hardship events that leaders face?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Learning From Hardship

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. Name and describe three Identifying Value Prototypes. Provide an original example of an occupation that fits into each type.

Answer Location: Identifying Values

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. Describe a time when hardship or suffering helped you to develop character. Classify the hardship according to the categories described in the text and identify what you learned.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Learning From Hardship

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

8. Describe someone who you consider to be an exemplary leader. What do you learn about character from this individual? How can you apply these insights to your character development?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Finding Role Models

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

9. What is the most important virtue for leaders? Defend your choice.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

10. Explain the role of habits in character development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developing Habits

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

11. How do stories promote our character development?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hearing Stories/Living Shared Stories

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

12. Develop a plan for addressing your weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

13. Why is humility an important quality for leaders?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Humility

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

14. From a philosophical perspective, virtues have four important features. Name these four virtues and describe each briefly.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elements of Character

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

15. Name the five components with which organizations can promote the development of moral identity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Forming a Moral Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

16. Identify ways you can practice temperance. What obstacles might you face in practicing temperance?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Temperance

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

17. Name ways to practice justice. Would this be difficult for you to do? Why or Why not?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

18. How can you best practice integrity?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Integrity

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

19. List seven habits of effective and ethical leaders.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developing Habits

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge