Chronic Illnesses Causes Coping Chapter 13 Exam Questions - Health Psychology 2e Canadian Test Bank by Edward P. Sarafino. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 13: SERIOUS AND DISABLING CHRONIC HEALTH ILLNESSES: CAUSES, MANAGEMENT, AND COPING
True or False Statements
1. The initial shock reaction to the diagnosis of a serious illness according to Shontz (1975) is characterized by a rush of emotions and disorganized thinking.
Section Reference: Initial reactions to having a chronic condition
2. Ron was in an automobile accident which left him with numerous facial scars and paraplegia. We might expect him to have particular difficulty coping with his symptoms.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
3. Research has determined that using one type of coping skill to consistently deal with a chronic illness produces better results than developing a range of coping skills.
Section Reference: The Coping Process
4. One way to treat asthma is to avoid the triggers of attacks.
Section Reference: Asthma
5. Most cases of epilepsy are linked to a specific neurological defect.
Section Reference: Epilepsy
6. Jill, who became quadriplegic at age 40 when her spinal cord was crushed at the waist‑level, is typical of such injuries.
Section Reference: Nervous System Injuries
7. If a diabetic follows recommended medical regimen it is less likely that they will die from acute complications.
Section Reference: Diabetes
8. Although there are over 100 forms of rheumatic disease, they all have the same underlying pattern of causes.
Section Reference: Arthritis
9. In Alzheimer’s disease, the initial symptoms noticed are personality changes and disorientation.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
10. Tailoring the treatment regimen to suit the patient’s lifestyle is likely to increase treatment adherence.
Section Reference: Psychosocial Interventions for People with Chronic Conditions
MATCHING
Match the disorders below with their characteristic in 11-15.
a. insulin‑dependent diabetes mellitus
b. non‑insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
c. rheumatoid arthritis
d. asthma
e. gout
11. May result in joint deformities.
Section Reference: Arthritis
12. The main acute complication of this disorder is ketoacidosis.
Section Reference: Diabetes
13. Appears to result mainly from a response to allergens.
Section Reference: Asthma
14. Two subtypes exist which are based on the person’s weight.
Section Reference: Diabetes
15. Results from an overproduction of uric acid.
Section Reference: Arthritis
Match the disorders below with their characteristic in 16-20.
a. osteoarthritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. spinal cord injuries
d. epilepsy
e. Alzheimer’s
16. May affect not only the joints, but the heart, blood vessels, and lungs as well.
Section Reference: Arthritis
17. Sometimes accompanied by an aura.
Section Reference: Epilepsy
18. Characterized by lesions of nerve and protein fibers.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
19. Affects predominantly males under 30 years old.
Section Reference: Nervous System Injuries
20. Associated with occupations which are physically demanding
Section Reference: Arthritis
MULTIPLE CHOICE
21. According to Shontz, the first stage in the sequence following the diagnosis of disabling illness is
a) shock.
b) encounter reaction.
c) reaction formation.
d) retreat.
Section Reference: Initial Reactions to Having a Chronic Condition
22. Which is not a characteristic of shock?
a) It is most pronounced when the crisis comes without warning.
b) Feelings of being stunned or bewildered.
c) Feeling a sense of detachment from the situation.
d) Feelings of loss, grief, despair.
Section Reference: Initial Reactions to Having a Chronic Condition
23. Which of the following statements regarding avoidance strategies is true?
a) They are used especially when people feel there is nothing they can do to change the situation.
b) They are used only by acute pain patients.
c) They are always maladaptive.
d) They are never maladaptive.
Section Reference: Initial Reactions to Having a Chronic Condition
24. The use of avoidance strategies in coping with chronic illness
a) often causes patients to gain less information about their illness.
b) may be psychologically beneficial early in the coping process.
c) may prevent the patient from making important lifestyle changes in fighting their illness.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Initial Reactions to Having a Chronic Condition
25. One key difference in chronic health problems vs. short‑term difficulties is
a) chronic problems are always more painful.
b) chronic problems require behavioural, social, and emotional adjustments.
c) short‑term problems are more painful.
d) chronic problems cause less reliance on the medical field.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
26. Moos’ theory on adjustment to crises focuses on
a) illness factors.
b) background and personal factors.
c) physical and social environmental factors
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
27. Robbie is having trouble coping with the embarrassing joint deformities that have resulted from his rheumatoid arthritis. According to Moos, this is a(n)____ factor.
a) illness
b) personal
c) physical
d) background
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
28. According to Moos, which of the following types of disfigurement is likely to affect coping the most?
a) Loss of a limb.
b) Severe facial scarring.
c) Loss of a breast.
d) Loss of the ability to walk.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
29. Which of the following people are likely to have the most significant problems coping with their treatment regimen?
a) Paul, whose treatment is extremely painful.
b) Derrick, whose medications have minor side effects.
c) Mohammed, whose treatment regimen requires him to take his meds once a day.
d) Jin, whose treatment program is held on nights and weekends.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
30. People who cope well with chronic illness have __________ personalities.
a) passive
b) pessimistic
c) dependent
d) hardy
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
31. Which of the following are characteristic of people who cope well?
a) They have resources to resolve the chronic nature of the situation.
b) They find purpose and quality in life.
c) They are able to find hope in life.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
32. Males differ from females in coping with chronic illness in that
a) their greater self‑esteem causes them to cope with chronic illness better.
b) they are more adherent to treatment regimen.
c) they tend to be more threatened by the dependent, passive role they might have to take.
d) men suffer fewer chronic illnesses.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
33. Adolescents are most likely to avoid their treatment regimens for chronic illness because of
a) the painful nature of treatment regimen.
b) fear of parental separation.
c) their desire to avoid appearing different from their friends.
d) pre‑conceived ideas about illness.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
34. For middle-aged patients with chronic illness, which of the following reflects
a likely coping difficulty?
a) Resentment that they aren’t able to enjoy their leisure time.
b) Concern with being viewed as different from their peers.
c) Not being able to complete tasks they have begun.
d) The frightening nature of medical procedures.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
35. Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between self-blame and coping with chronic illness?
a) Self-blame may affect coping at first but tends to fade away quickly.
b) Self-blame has little impact on coping with a chronic illness.
c) Self-blame is linked to more aggressive coping attempts.
d) Self-blame is associated with higher levels of depression and poor coping.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
36. When adjusting to a chronic illness which of the following represents a physical environmental factor that may occur?
a) The lack of assistive devices to increase self-sufficiency.
b) The feelings involved in role threat.
c) The lack of support networks in the community.
d) The complexity of the treatment regimen.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
37. The primary source of social support for children and most adults who are ill comes from
a) their friends.
b) their families.
c) their support groups.
d) their physicians.
Section Reference: Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
38. Learning and adhering to a medical regimen would be classified by Moos as
a) an environmental task.
b) an adaptive task.
c) a cognitive appraisal.
d) a personal factor.
Section Reference: The Coping Process
39. In crisis theory, which of the following is not a task related to general psychosocial functioning?
a) Controlling negative feelings.
b) Maintaining a satisfactory self‑image.
c) Preserving good relationships with family and friends.
d) Adjusting to the pain.
Section Reference: The Coping Process
40. Which is a coping strategy for chronic health problems?
a) Learning to provide one’s own medical care.
b) Recruiting support from family and friends.
c) Denying the seriousness of the illness.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: The Coping Process
41. The process of making changes in order to adjust constructively to life’s circumstances is called
a) adaptation.
b) quality of life.
c) instrumental support.
d) emotional coping.
Section Reference: The Coping Process
42. Which of the following is TRUE regarding quality of life?
a) Factors that influence quality of life vary a great deal in different countries.
b) Around the world, people judge quality of life using similar criteria.
c) Quality of life is difficult to measure cross-culturally.
d) Making adaptive changes has very little effect on quality of life assessments.
Section Reference: The Coping Process
43. Which of the following is NOT true about asthma?
a) Most asthmatics first experience symptoms before age 5.
b) Death from asthma attacks no longer occurs.
c) 25‑50% of children with asthma get better by adulthood.
d) Prevalence rates are higher for children than adults.
Section Reference: Asthma
44. The primary site of irritation in the first phase of an asthma attack is
a) the bronchial tubes.
b) the nostrils.
c) the peritoneum.
d) the alveoli.
Section Reference: Asthma
45. Which of the following is a likely trigger of asthma attacks?
a) exercise
b) weather changes
c) psychosocial factors
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Asthma
46. Which of the following is a common treatment for asthma?
a) Use of anti-inflammatories.
b) Refraining from exercise.
c) Gradual exposure to triggers.
d) all of the above.
Section Reference: Asthma
47. Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between maladjustment and asthma?
a) Maladjustment has not been linked to asthma conditions.
b) The relationship appears to be reciprocal.
c) Asthma may lead to maladjustment but not the other way around.
d) Maladjustment affects asthma but only if the level of maladjustment is severe.
Section Reference: Asthma
48. During a recent epileptic attack, Kim lost consciousness and had muscle spasms. She most likely had a(n)
a) petit mal attack
b) grand mal seizure
c) absence attack
d) psychomotor seizure
Section Reference: Epilepsy
49. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing epilepsy?
a) Family history.
b) Severe head injury.
c) Central nervous system infections.
d) Low socioeconomic status.
Section Reference: Epilepsy
50. Which is the BEST thing to do for an individual suffering an epileptic seizure?
a) Call an ambulance immediately.
b) Remain calm and protect the epileptic from injury due to falls.
c) Lay the person on his or her back.
d) Put a spoon in his or her mouth to prevent tongue swallowing.
Section Reference: Epilepsy
51. Taylor has been diagnosed with grand mal seizure disorder. He might experience which of the following while trying to adjust to this condition?
a) Stigmatized treatment by others.
b) Possible cognitive impairments that could limit his memory capabilities.
c) Increased seizure activity when emotionally aroused.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Epilepsy
52. Quadriplegia is to _____ spinal cord damage as paraplegia is to _____ spinal cord damage.
a) lower; upper
b) upper; lower
c) minor; severe
d) severe; minor
Answer; b
Section Reference: Nervous System Injuries
53. Which of the following best described the demographics of spinal cord injuries?
a) They are more prevalent in males.
b) They are more common under age 30.
c) Most result from traffic accidents.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Nervous System Injuries
54. The most common cause of death related to spinal cord injury after the spinal shock period is
a) heart disease.
b) renal failure due to repeated infections.
c) stroke.
d) suicide.
Section Reference: Nervous System Injuries
55. Which of the following statements regarding sexual function and spinal injury below the waist is correct?
a) All sexual function is lost.
b) Males usually retain fertility.
c) Females usually lose fertility due to the injury.
d) The greatest barriers to sexual function are psychosocial.
Section Reference: Nervous System Injuries
56. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the prevalence of diabetes?
a) It is a fairly rare disease worldwide.
b) It occurs more frequently in children than in adults.
c) It is among the most common chronic conditions in North America.
d) Women who are members of ethnic minority groups are very unlikely to develop the disease.
Section Reference: Diabetes
57. For Type I diabetes, the main acute complication that occurs is
a) heart disease.
b) ketoacidosis.
c) hypertension.
d) hypoglycemia.
Section Reference: Diabetes
58. Which of the following has been implicated in the development of diabetes?
a) Genetic factors.
b) Viral infections.
c) Dietary factors.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Diabetes
59. Which of the following ailments is correlated with diabetes?
a) Neuropathy.
b) Blindness.
c) Gangrene.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Diabetes
60. The primary approach to treating diabetes involves
a) medicine use only.
b) dietary changes only.
c) a combination of medicine, dietary changes, and exercise.
d) psychosocial intervention only.
Section Reference: Diabetes
61. Research on adherence to diabetes regimen indicates that
a) most diabetics carefully administer recommended insulin doses.
b) self-report information regarding adherence tends to be fairly accurate.
c) adherence to the medical aspects of regimen is higher than that associated with dietary changes.
d) people with diabetes often don’t even try to adhere to their regimen.
Section Reference: Diabetes
62. Epinephrine may worsen the effects of diabetes by
a) causing the pancreas to decrease insulin production.
b) causing the liver to increase glucose production.
c) causing the liver to secrete insulin.
d) contributing directly to weight gain.
Section Reference: Diabetes
63. Stress has which of the following effects on diabetics?
a) It results in increases in insulin release.
b) It contributes to increases in blood glucose levels.
c) It has only an indirect effect on blood glucose levels.
d) It is associated with enhanced vigilance to the medical regimen.
Section Reference: Diabetes
64. Research on parent and physician goals in diabetic treatment suggests
a) both parents and physicians are focused on preventing long-term complications.
b) parents are concerned with preventing hypoglycemic episodes in their children.
c) physicians are primarily concerned with promoting the day-to-day well-being and activities of these children.
d) physicians and parents have different goals for treatment.
Section Reference: Diabetes
65. When treatment responsibility for diabetes regimen shifts to adolescents
a) adherence increases.
b) parents continue to assume primary responsibility.
c) adherence is highest in adolescents with high self-esteem and social competence.
d) hormonal changes are of little concern in diabetic regimen.
Section Reference: Diabetes
66. Musculoskeletal disorders affecting the joints and connective tissues are called
a) gout.
b) rheumatic disease.
c) congenital disease.
d) renal disease.
Section Reference: Arthritis
67. The condition called gout is characterized by an excess of
a) peritoneum.
b) insulin
c) uric acid
d) histamine
Section Reference: Arthritis
68. The primary mechanism resulting in the development of osteoarthritis is
a) cancer.
b) excess uric acid.
c) an immune response.
d) physical wear and tear.
Section Reference: Arthritis
69. The musculoskeletal disorder most likely to be associated with one’s occupation is
a) gout.
b) rheumatoid arthritis.
c) osteoarthritis.
d) fibromyalgia.
Section Reference: Arthritis
70. Common treatment approaches to arthritis include
a) use of pain relief medication.
b) use of physical therapy.
c) use of appropriate assistive devices.
d) all of the above.
Section Reference: Arthritis
71. Research on the relationship between mood and coping with rheumatoid arthritis indicates
a) most patients believed they had control over the course of their disease.
b) patients who believed they had control over their disease showed high levels of distress.
c) patients who saw themselves as active partners in treatment were better adjusted.
d) mood did not correlate with adjustment.
Section Reference: Arthritis
72. The progressive loss of cognitive functions, usually in old age, is called
a) dementia.
b) epilepsy.
c) fibromyalgia.
d) neuropathy.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
73. A common early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease is loss of
a) sexual function.
b) energy.
c) memory.
d) motor control.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
74. Which of the following statements regarding current treatment approaches for Alzheimer’s disease is accurate?
a) Genetic therapy has been shown to be highly effective.
b) Administration of beta‑amyloid delays progression of the disease.
c) Physical therapy reduces the likelihood of muscular deterioration.
d) There currently is no effective treatment.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
75. Anna is in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Like most victims, she receives her care
a) at home from her spouse and children.
b) in a nursing home.
c) in a hospital.
d) in a day‑care facility.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
76. Research on caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease has found
a) emotional and physical effects of caregiving varies widely across
different cultures.
b) negative health effects are associated with levels of social support and distress.
c) emotional distress tends to be short-lived since the disease progresses so quickly.
d) negative health effects occur only for those caregivers who had poor health to begin with.
Section Reference: Alzheimer’s Disease
77. According to research, when a parent’s child has a serious disease,
a) they tend to have less negative views of those diseases.
b) their views of disease seriousness are exaggerated.
c) their views on disease seriousness are no different than those of parents whose children don’t
have serious disease.
d) their adjustment levels uniformly tend to be poor.
Section Reference: Psychosocial Interventions for People with Chronic Conditions
78. Which of the following is included in the type of adjustment problems associated with chronic illness?
a) Learning to adjust to changes in one’s self-image.
b) Coping with disability or pain.
c) Coping with the loss of enjoyable activities or relationships.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Psychosocial Interventions for People with Chronic Conditions
79. Regarding the use of biofeedback interventions with patients with epilepsy, research has found
a) it works well with most patients.
b) it does not work effectively in most cases.
c) it is difficult to determine with whom these interventions will be effective.
d) it is an inexpensive intervention and thus should be used more frequently.
Section Reference: Relaxation and Biofeedback
80. A primary reason to use insight or family therapy in the treatment of chronic illness includes
a) changing distorted thoughts about the illness.
b) the discussion of reinforcement techniques in intervention.
c) the explicit need to increase compliance with treatment regimen.
d) addressing anxieties and changes in self-concept and relationships.
Section Reference: Interpersonal and Family Therapy
Short Answer Questions
81. Discuss 3 of the 7 coping strategies for dealing with chronic illness. How will each affect adjustment?
82. Your cousin is just about to enter rehabilitation for a spinal cord injury due to a motorcycle accident. Outline for him what he should expect during treatment.
83. Compare and contrast the various forms of rheumatic diseases.
Essay Questions
84. Philippe has just been diagnosed with asthma. Using Moos' crisis theory and the factors of that theory, describe how Philippe is likely to adjust to his disease.
85. Your 8-year-old nephew has just been diagnosed with Type I diabetes. Based on what you've learned from the text, help him understand the disease and what he needs to do in his treatment regimen.
86. Develop and discuss a comprehensive treatment program for patients with chronic illness.
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