Verified Test Bank Ch.11 The Nature And Symptoms Of Pain - Health Psychology 2e Canadian Test Bank by Edward P. Sarafino. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 11: THE NATURE AND SYMPTOMS OF PAIN
True/False Statements
1. Organic pain and psychogenic pain differ only in the degree of tissue damage.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
2. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer cause pain which Turk, Meichenbaum and Genest (1983) might classify as chronic-recurrent.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
3. Sharp, well‑localized pain is transmitted along A‑delta fibres.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
4. According to gate control theory, the gating mechanism is found in a portion of the thalamus.
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
5. You have a really bad sunburn and developed blisters on the worst areas. You have third-degree burns.
Section Reference: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
6. Research indicates that placebos have no physiological effect.
Section Reference: Placebos and Pain
7. Jerry suffered from pain following a vasectomy. His wife felt sorry for him and performed many of his chores for him. It is plain that Terry's pain has a secondary gain.
Section Reference: Personal and Social Experiences and Pain
8. Most research suggests that chronic pain leads to psychological disturbance - not the other way around.
Section Reference: Emotions, Coping Processes, and Pain
9. The EMG is useful for assessing the muscle tension frequently associated with pain.
Section Reference: Psychophysiological Measures
10. One common way of measuring pain in children under the age of five is to observe the pain behaviours they exhibit
Section Reference: Assessing Pain in Children
Matching
Match the following with the statements in one through five.
a. A‑delta fibres
b. C‑fibres
c. serotonin, histamine, bradykinin
d. nociceptors
e. endogenous opioids
11. Associated with diffuse, dully burning or aching sensations
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
12. Nerve endings that respond to pain
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
13. Endorphin and enkephalin
Section Reference: Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
14. Promote immune system activity and cause inflammation at the injury site
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
15. Associated with sharp, well‑localized, distinct pain
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
Match the following with the statements in six through ten.
a. referred
b. phantom limb
c. causalgia
d. neuralgia
e. analgesia
16. Shooting or stabbing pain along the course of a nerve
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
17. In a heart attack, the pain may be felt in the shoulders, or arms
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
18. State of not being able to feel pain
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
19. A burning pain, usually at the site of an old wound
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
20. A pain experienced in amputees
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
Multiple Choice
21. Congenital insensitivity to pain
a) can indirectly lead to death.
b) does not exist.
c) has numerous health advantages.
d) is relatively common.
Section Reference: Prologue
22. Which of the following statements about pain is true?
a) Some people are insensitive to pain.
b) Pain serves a useful purpose.
c) Pain is the most common medical complaint.
d) All of the above statements are true.
Section Reference: Prologue
23. The experience of pain
a) is an uncommon medical symptom.
b) is the most compelling force in seeking medical care.
c) actually discourages most sufferers from seeking medical care.
d) none of the above
Section Reference: What Is Pain?
24. Damage deep within the body is most likely to be marked by
a) no pain at all.
b) dull, aching pain.
c) sharp pains.
d) burning sensations.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
25. Discomfort caused by tissue damage is referred to as
a) chronic pain.
b) phantom pain.
c) organic pain.
d) psychogenic pain.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
26. Tyson has a stabbing pain in his back but his physician cannot find any injury to his spinal column or surrounding muscles. Tyson’s pain is likely to be classified as
a) chronic pain.
b) phantom pain.
c) organic pain.
d) psychogenic pain.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
27. Which of the following statements regarding pain is true?
a) Pain is best characterized along a continuum of organic and psychogenic causes.
b) Pain always occurs with the presence of tissue damage.
c) People with psychogenic pain have different pain experiences than do people with organic pain.
d) Pain disorders result from very serious tissue damage.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
28. Chronic discomfort that is psychogenic in origin is referred to as
a) pain disorder.
b) malingering.
c) chronic‑organic syndrome.
d) acute pain.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
29. Andrea has been experiencing a pain in her back for over a year. She has stopped engaging in all her favourite sports and social activities as a result. Andrea would most likely be classified as having _____ pain.
a) acute
b) chronic
c) C-fibre
d) psychogenic
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
30. Nick cut his hand today and is a great deal of acute pain. What else is Nick likely to experience?
a) Increased sleeping.
b) A sense of helplessness and hopelessness.
c) Increased anxiety.
d) An elevated MMPI score.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
31. The high levels of anxiety associated with acute pain
a) typically subside as pain decreases.
b) appear unrelated to the pain.
c) are alleviated with brief medical consultations.
d) increase with decreasing pain levels.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
32. Chronic pain sufferers tend to
a) often leave their jobs.
b) feel worn down and exhausted.
c) become increasingly irritable with their families.
d. all of the above.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
33. Sandy is experiencing a shooting but dull pain in the muscles of her head, neck, and back. This syndrome is referred to as
a) acute pain.
b) somatoform disorder.
c) myofascial pain.
d) progressive‑malignant syndrome.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
34. Cancer and rheumatoid arthritis are frequently associated with
a) chronic-recurrent pain.
b) chronic-progressive pain.
c) chronic-intractable pain.
d) chronic-benign pain.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
35. Migraine and muscle tension headaches are most characteristic of which category of chronic pain?
a) Recurrent.
b) Intractable.
c) Benign.
d) Progressive.
Section Reference: The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
36. Receptor cells specific only to pain
a) are destroyed in 3rd‑degree burns.
b) are destroyed in 2nd‑degree burns.
c) are found in the dermis.
d) do not exist.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
37. During which of the following phases of burn treatment would a patient experience debridement?
a) Emergency phase.
b) Acute phase.
c) Rehabilitation phase.
d) Psychological intervention.
Section Reference: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
38. The primary approach for controlling acute pain due to burn is
a) analgesic medication.
b) informational control.
c) behavioural control.
d) cognitive control.
Section Reference: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
39. Third‑degree burns are often marked by
a) little initial pain
b) nerve ending damage
c) destruction of the epidermis and dermis
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
40. The cutting away of dead tissue in burned areas is called
a) myofascia.
b) debridement.
c) the emergency phase.
d) the rehabilitation phase.
Section Reference: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
41. Psychological approaches to pain control in burn patients
a) are generally ineffective due to the severity of the pain.
b) had the effect of increasing requests for medication.
c) avoid discussing tanking and debridement procedures.
d) none of the above
Section Reference: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
42. Afferent nerve endings that respond to pain stimuli and signal injury are called
a) algogenic substances.
b) substance P.
c) nociceptors.
d) referred pain fibres.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
43. The releasing chemicals that are part of the physiology of pain
a) exist naturally in tissue.
b) promote immune system activity.
c) cause inflammation at the site of an injury.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
44. The fatty coating which enables neurons to transmit impulses more quickly is called
a) myelin.
b) nociceptor.
c) algogenic substance.
d) A‑delta.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
45. C-fibres are involved in
a) acute pain sensations
b) dull pain sensations
c) sharp, well‑localized pain sensations
d) an "average" degree of pain
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
46. Pain originating from internal organs but perceived as coming from other parts of the body is called
a) referred pain
b) benign pain.
c) intractable pain
d) recurrent pain
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
47. Which of the following may typically result in referred pain?
a) heart attack
b) toothache
c) inflammation of the diaphragm
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
48. Which of the following provides an explanation for the phenomenon known as referred pain?
a) People are more familiar with sensations from the skin than from internal organs.
b) People who experience referred pain suffer from neurological damage.
c) Referred pain happens only in those people who have had a limb amputated.
d) Referred pain is purely a psychological problem.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
49. Which of the following is among the characteristics common to neuralgia, causalgia, and phantom limb pain?
a) They always occur in the absence of any tissue damage.
b) The pain they produce is present long after tissue damage has healed.
c) Pain intensity remains at the same level as was experienced at the time of tissue damage.
d) These pain syndromes rarely last more than 6 months.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
50. Lucia has been diagnosed with a case of neuralgia. She is most likely to experience
a) shooting pain.
b) burning pain.
c) pain in her back.
d) pain that is provoked only by an extremely noxious stimulus.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
51. Anthony reports intense burning pain at the site where he was stabbed by an attempted robber some time ago. Anthony may be experiencing
a) neuralgia.
b) causalgia.
c) referred pain.
d) hysterical pain.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
52. Which of the following is pain felt when no noxious stimulation is present?
a) neuralgia
b) causalgia
c) phantom limb pain
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
53. Masochists are believed to learn to enjoy pain through the process of
a) operant conditioning.
b) classical conditioning.
c) brainwashing.
d) experimentation.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
54. In his classic work on the meaning of pain in soldiers and surgical patients, Beecher found which of the following?
a) Soldiers experienced far more pain than surgical patients.
b) The soldiers' wounds were probably less extensive than the intensive wounds left by surgery.
c) The soldiers were far less likely than surgical patients to request medication.
d) The extreme fright experienced by soldiers made their pain worse.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
55. According to Beecher, the difference in meaning of pain for soldiers versus surgical patients
a) was not related to the amount of pain experienced.
b) explained the lower levels of pain reports in soldiers because they were in denial.
c) explained the higher levels of pain reports in surgical patients because the surgical event was interpreted as a major life disruption.
d) was trivial.
Section Reference: Perceiving Pain
56. Which of the following is true regarding specificity theory?
a) It suggested the presence of a pain area in the brain.
b) It has been unanimously supported by research.
c) It proposed no separate system for perceiving pain.
d) It successfully addresses the cause of phantom limb pain.
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
57. Which of the following is NOT true regarding pattern theory?
a) The sensations for pain and touch share common receptors.
b) It accurately explained the experiences of neuralgia and causalgia.
c) It proposed there is separate system for perceiving pain.
d) Intense patterns of neural activity are associated with the experience of pain.
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
58. Specificity theory is to _____ as pattern theory is to _____.
a) separate; shared
b) chronic; acute
c) acute; chronic
d) shared; separate
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
59. The problems with the acceptance of pattern theory include
a) the requirement of intense stimuli to trigger pain.
b) the overlooking of psychological factors in pain.
c) the pain area of the brain does not exist.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
60. While under deep hypnosis, people report
a) feeling less pain than when in a waking state.
b) feeling more pain than when in a waking state.
c) no differences in the experience of pain.
d) they are distracted.
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
61. Ischemia is another name for
a) the cold pressor procedure.
b) phantom limb pain.
c) chronic pain.
d) insufficient blood flow.
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
62. Higher pain thresholds are reported by people exposed with which of the following experimental stimuli?
a) A lecture or a funny movie.
b) A funny movie or a baseball game.
c) A relaxing tape or a funny movie.
d) White noise or a lecture on pain.
Section Reference: Early Theories of Pain
63. Which of the following procedures can be used to measure pain threshold?
a) The cold pressor procedure.
b) The muscle-ischemia procedure.
c) Debridement.
d) Hypnosis.
Section Reference: Inducing Pain in Laboratory Research
64. According to gate-control theory, the proposed gating mechanism is located in
a) the substantia gelatinosa.
b) the periaqueductal gray.
c) the gray matter of the brain.
d) the thalamus.
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
65. According to gate-control theory, the gating mechanism receives input from
a) transmission cells, the periaqueductal gray, and the spinal cord
b) A-delta fibres, transmission cells, and c-fibres
c) large-diameter fibres, small-diameter fibres, and transmission cells
d) pain fibres, other peripheral fibres, and descending messages from the brain
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
66. Which of the following closes the gating mechanism according to the gate‑control pain theory?
a) Depression.
b) Anxiety.
c) Medication.
d) Boredom.
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
67. According to gate-control theory, who is likely to experience the most pain?
a) Amir, who massaged his shin after he hit it on the coffee table.
b) Ellen, who is bored and depressed.
c) Jacob, who is focusing intently on the good book he is reading.
d) Darrell, who is watching an exciting baseball game.
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
68. "Squeaky", a laboratory rat, has an electrode implanted in the periaqueductal gray area of his midbrain. When electrical stimulation is turned on, Squeaky is likely to
a) feel pain.
b) feel analgesia.
c) start vocalizations.
d) begin pain behaviours.
Section Reference: Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
69. In stimulation-produced analgesia,
a) the release of substance P is blocked.
b) substance P is released.
c) substance P is manufactured.
d) the transmission cells are activated.
Section Reference: The Gate‐Control Theory of Pain
70. Jocelyn fractured her foot during the second half of a soccer match but continued to play for the remainder of the game with little discomfort, due to the release of
a) substance P.
b) algogenic substances.
c) gelatinosa.
d) endogenous opioids.
Section Reference: Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
71. The substances known as endorphins and enkephalins
a) play a partial role in analgesia.
b) are the chemical agents found in aspirin.
c) play no role in analgesia.
d) are opiates.
Section Reference: Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
72. Before his tooth extraction, David received an injection of naloxone. He is likely to experience
a) hallucinations since it is an opioid.
b) analgesia.
c) pain.
d) sedation.
Section Reference: Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
73. An inert substance that produces an effect is called
a) naloxone.
b) an opioid.
c) a neurotransmitter.
d) a placebo.
Section Reference: Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
74. Which set of patients is most likely to have a physiological reaction to pain-related words?
a) Hypnotized persons.
b) Those who use emotion-based coping strategies.
c) Migraine sufferers.
d) Phantom limb pain patients.
Section Reference: Personal and Social Experiences and Pain
75. Patients with low back pain from which part of the world reported more suffering and
disability?
a) New Zealand.
b) Mexico.
c) North America.
d) Japan.
Section Reference: Personal and Social Experiences and Pain
76. Which of the following best states the relationship between stress and pain?
a) Stress and pain are not related.
b) Stress may cause pain but not vice‑versa.
c) Pain may cause stress but not vice‑versa.
d) Stress may cause pain and pain may cause stress.
Section Reference: Emotions, Coping Processes, and Pain
C77. The majority of evidence regarding chronic pain and neurotic maladjustment as measured by the MMPI indicates that
a) some people have "pain‑prone" personalities.
b) psychopathy and pain are not related.
c) chronic pain often seems to lead to maladjustment.
d) hysteria is the best predictor of chronic pain.
Section Reference: Emotions, Coping Processes, and Pain
78. Which of the following is a self‑report method of pain assessment?
a) An electromyograph.
b) electroencephalograph.
c) UAB Pain Behaviour Scale.
d) McGill Pain Questionnaire.
Section Reference: Self‐Report Methods
79. Which of the following is considered evidence that children experience pain?
a) "Pain" facial expressions.
b) Changes in patterns of crying.
c) Rubbing hurt parts of the body.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Assessing Pain in Children
Short Answer Questions
80. Provide support for the idea that organic and psychogenic pain should be considered as a continuum.
81. Compare and contrast early theories of pain with the gate-control theory.
82. Explain the role of endogenous opioids in the pain experience.
Essay Questions
83. Your medical school friend has the unfortunate attitude that "pain is all in your head." Convince her otherwise.
84. Using the gate-control theory, devise a plan to minimize pain during your next visit to the dentist.
85. The text author suggests "all pain experiences involve an interplay of both physiological and psychological factors." Provide a comprehensive statement that supports this viewpoint.
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