Chapter.4 Test Bank Answers Infancy (Birth To 24 Months Old)

Chapter 4: Infancy (Birth to 24 months old)

1. Question: The _____ reflex occurs in response to a loud noise or when a person nearby makes a sudden movement.

Choices:

a. grasp

b. moro

c. rooting

d. babbling

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Motor Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: _____ are overproduced in the _____ and then pruned based on the infant’s experiences.

Choices:

a. Synapses, cerebral cortex

b. Synapses, parietal lobe

c. Reflexes, medulla

d. Convolutions, cerebellum

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Cognitive Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: _____ refers to a child’s ability to recognize, express, and regulate his or her feelings.

Choices:

a. Identity

b. Emotional development

c. Temperament

d. Self-regulation

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Social and Emotional Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Which of the following terms refers to the ability to observe and understand emotional cues of others and then use those cues to guide one’s behavior?

Choices:

a. Self-regulation

b. Discipline

c. Temperament

d. Social referencing

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Social and Emotional Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Parents are advised to search for daycare settings that encourage _____, because this enhances social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development in children.

Choices:

a. discipline

b. unmodified extinction

c. imaginative play

d. nap time

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Daycare: Quality Matters

Question type: MC

1. Question: Which of the following factors has not been found to impact sleep cycles?

Choices:

a. infant temperament

b. attachment

c. number of siblings sharing the same bedroom

d. sleeping arrangements

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Sleep Concerns

Question type: MC

1. Question: Which of the following has not been found to be an effective sleep management technique?

Choices:

a. the Ferber method

b. self-soothing

c. immediate responding

d. unmodified extinction

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Sleep Concerns

Question type: MC

1. Question: It is expected that during an infant’s fine motor development, he or she will begin to pull up to stand alone and walk with some help and support by _____ months.

Choices:

a. 4 to 8

b. 8 to 12

c. 2 to 6

d. 16 to 24

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Infant Motor Development (Figure 4.1)

Question type: MC

1. Question: Which of the following is a benefit of breast-feeding for mothers?

Choices:

a. decreased postpartum bleeding

b. it serves as a natural birth control method

c. reduced anxiety

d. slower uterine involution

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Healthy Infant Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Which of the following is not typical of breast-fed babies?

Choices:

a. higher obesity rates

b. fewer infections and diseases

c. less diarrhea

d. fewer incidences of sudden infant death syndrome in the first year of life

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Healthy Infant Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: The MMR vaccine can cause _____or severe allergic reactions.

Choices:

a. autism

b. encephalitis

c. pneumonia

d. diphtheria

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Healthy Infant Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: When infants are first born, they are able to see up to the distance of about _____ inches in front of their face.

Choices:

a. 8

b. 24

c. 16

d. 2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Sensory and Perceptual Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Which of the following milestones of an infant’s motor development typically occurs first?

Choices:

a. ability to roll over

b. crawling

c. holding head and chest up while lying on stomach

d. sitting with support

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Motor Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: By the time they are _____ months old, infants lose the ability to discriminate the sounds in different languages.

Choices:

a. 4

b. 24

c. 12

d. 8

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Language Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Responding sensitively to infant _____ such as _____ leads to increased language and cognitive development.

Choices:

a. requests, seeking a pacifier

b. cues, crying and cooing

c. tantrums, refusal to cooperate

d. reflexes, grasping

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Cognitive Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Children with _____ are passive, need time to adjust to new situations, and withdraw or negatively react to new situations.

Choices:

a. easy temperament

b. difficult temperament

c. slow to warm temperament

d. aggressive temperament

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Social and Emotional Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: Children who are identified as _____ are fearful to explore the environment, which may lead to _____.

Choices:

a. anxious-resistant, feelings of incompetence

b. securely attached, limited exploration of the environment

c. avoidantly attached, social struggles

d. disorganized-disoriented, suppression of emotion

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Social and Emotional Development

Question type: MC

1. Question: _____ American mothers express stronger beliefs about the use of punishment for infants and have greater concerns about spoiling infants as young as 6 months of age as compared to _____ American mothers.

Choices:

a. European, Asian

b. European, African

c. African, European

d. Asian, African

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Parent Education—Discipline for the Infant

Question type: MC

1. Question: Mothers who express _____ child-rearing beliefs, concerns about spoiling their infants, or beliefs that their infant acted in intentionally negative ways are _____ likely to engage in positive interactions with their babies.

Choices:

a. punitive, more

b. authoritarian, more

c. authoritative, least

d. traditional, least

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Parent Education—Discipline for the Infant

Question type: MC

1. Question: Studies show that securely attached children are likely to demonstrate _____.

Choices:

a. behavioral difficulties

b. empathy

c. lower intelligence

d. difficulty bonding in relationships

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Attachment Parenting

Question type: MC

1. Question: Breast-fed babies have lower incidences of sudden infant death syndrome in the first year of life.

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Healthy Infant Development

Question type: TF

1. Question: The senses of taste and smell are not well-developed before birth.

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Sensory and Perceptual Development

Question type: TF

1. Question: During the first few months of life, the sensory system seems to function at a higher level than the motor system.

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Sensory and Perceptual Development

Question type: TF

1. Question: As newborns, babies prefer to hear their mother’s voice over a stranger’s voice.

Cognitive domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Language Development

Question type: TF

1. Question: Mothers of securely attached infants are more consistent, sensitive, and accepting of their babies when compared to mothers of insecurely attached infants.

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Attachment Parenting

Question type: TF

1. Question: Most children placed in high-quality daycare settings demonstrated high achievement and development through middle childhood, except for children from low-income families.

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Daycare: Quality Matters

Question type: TF

1. Question: The most frequently noted disadvantages to childcare settings are physical and sexual abuse.

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Daycare: Quality Matters

Question type: TF

1. Question: Attachment parenting practices are associated with lower intelligence and poor academic performance.

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Attachment Parenting

Question type: TF

1. Question: Discuss the possible psychosocial and emotional consequences for children placed in poor quality daycare settings and the implications for counselors working with parents in selecting appropriate daycare for their children.

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: Daycare: Quality Matters

Question type: SA

1. Question: Describe the four kinds of infant sleep patterns.

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Sleep Concerns

Question type: SA

1. Question: Explain the interaction and fit between the child’s temperament and the caregiver’s temperament and how this may relate to their bond formation.

Cognitive domain: Analysis

Answer location: Social and Emotional Development

Question type: SA