Chapter.19 Complete Test Bank Mental health treatment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 1

1) All of the following are aspects of psychotherapy that differ from other personal relationships, EXCEPT:

a. Psychotherapy is focused entirely on the client’s problems and needs.

b. Psychotherapists receive a fee for their services.

c. Psychotherapy takes place in free-form, unstructured settings.

d. The relationship between client and therapist is expected to terminate.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 2

2) The client-therapist relationship in which the therapist functions as a mentally sound “doctor” treating “patients” who are, at least in comparison, less than mentally sound, is typical of

a. psychoanalysis

b. behaviour therapy

c. group therapy

d. cognitive therapy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 3

3) Typically, these kinds of therapists see themselves as something closer to a teacher and the client as a student whose task it is to substitute adaptive patterns of behaviour for maladaptive patterns.

a. psychoanalysts

b. behaviour therapists

c. marriage and family therapists

d. cognitive therapists

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 4

4) If you begin therapy and your therapist seems to want to use “hypothesis-testing” techniques to correct irrational or inaccurate beliefs that might be triggering your emotional pain or dysfunction, you are likely seeing a

a. psychoanalyst

b. behaviour therapist

c. insight therapist

d. cognitive therapist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 5

5) This was the first and also the most expensive and time-consuming type of therapy.

a. psychoanalysis

b. psychodynamic therapy

c. behaviour therapy

d. insight therapy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 6

6) Freud’s notion that psychological problems are caused by tension within a person’s own mind between mental forces that are at odds with one another, is called

a. intrapsychic conflict

b. unconscious processing

c. primary process

d. conflict resolution

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 7

7) In classical psychoanalysis, to obtain insight into his or her unconscious conflicts, the patient must

a. overcome his or her fear of death

b. overcome his or her resistance to the insight

c. defend the ego against free associations

d. learn to control the autonomic nervous system

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 8

8) In psychoanalysis, the primary goal of dream work is to interpret the dream content based on

a. the patient’s memory of the actual dream content

b. the patient’s free associations to the dream material

c. the unconscious process of developing a dream

d. the daily events that trigger daydreaming

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 9

9) Transference refers to the psychoanalytic belief that patients in therapy may transfer their feelings about their spouse or parents onto

a. themselves

b. the objects in the room

c. the therapist

d. their friends

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 10

10) This behaviour modification technique exposes clients to increasingly intense anxiety provoking images known as the anxiety hierarchy.

a. aversion therapy

b. systematic desensitization

c. automatic thought records

d. progressive muscle tension

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 11

11) In Wolpe’s systematic desensitization technique, feelings of anxiety induced by the anxiety hierarchy are paired with this in order for the client to replace maladaptive anxiety symptoms.

a. progressive muscle relaxation

b. electroconvulsive therapy

c. transcranial magnetic stimulation

d. deep brain stimulation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 12

12) This exposure technique employed by behaviour therapists essentially tosses the client in at the highest possible level of anxiety-provoking situation and holds him or her there

a. systematic desensitization

b. hyper conditioning

c. flooding

d. behaviour modelling

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 13

13) Flooding relies on this basic, non-associative learning process as a means of initially reducing the client’s anxiety response

a. forward conditioning

b. habituation

c. negative reinforcement

d. modeling

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 14

14) In this behaviour modification technique, a person is rewarded with tangible, desirable goods, prizes, or privileges for engaging in desired behaviours and avoiding undesirable

a. operant conditioning

b. contingency management

c. reward therapy

d. token reinforcement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 15

15) Alber Ellis devised a form of therapy based on the idea that human beings can be taught to control their feelings by controlling their thoughts. His therapy was called

a. cognitive therapy

b. cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT)

c. rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

d. antecedent-behaviour-consequence therapy (ABCT)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 16

16) A therapist following Albert Ellis’s rational-emotive behaviour therapy would most likely utter which of the following statements during a therapy session?

a. “Tell me more about your first memories of your mother.”

b. “Life isn’t fair, so get over that idea as quickly as you can.”

c. “I want you to relax while you look at a picture of a snake.”

d. “Is the child in your dream really you?”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 17

17) Observation that led to the development of Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy was that people with emotional disturbances tend to experience

a. unconscious motives

b. habitual tendencies

c. automatic thoughts

d. conditioned emotions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 18

18) In cognitive therapy the client and the therapist forge a relationship in which

a. the therapist gives the client sometimes harsh advice about life

b. the therapist immerses himself or herself in the client’s unconscious mental life

c. the therapist encourages meditation as a path toward reducing the negative impact of the client’s automatic thoughts

d. the therapist and client engage in a kind of hypothesis testing of the client’s automatic thoughts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 19

19) In addition to targeting automatic thoughts, cognitive-behaviour therapists also work to help the client control

a. self-affirming prophecies

b. self-defeating behaviours

c. suicidal ideation

d. dysfunctional beliefs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 20

20) This kind of therapy is usually a relatively brief program that blends CBT with meditation techniques based on Buddhist practices.

a. cognitive-motivation therapy

b. mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

c. rational-emotive behaviour therapy

d. reality therapy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 21

21) Which of the following statements is NOT an aspect of so-called empirically supported treatments (ESTs)?

a. ESTs are intended to be cost-effective.

b. ESTs tend to last for no more than 6 to 8 weeks.

c. ESTs demonstrate significant effectiveness when compared with no treatment.

d. ESTs are dependent upon an empathetic relationship and fitness between client and therapist.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 22

22) All of the following are statements from clients that a cognitive therapist might identify as self-defeating, EXCEPT:

a. “Everyone said that they loved my singing tonight, but they’re my friends so that doesn’t count.”

b. “I’ll never find another job that I like as much as the one I just lost.”

c. “I failed that exam yesterday but it was pretty difficult.”

d. “Even though I won that scholarship, I probably won’t do well in college.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 23

23) In order to identify self-defeating thoughts and help the patient become aware of them, cognitive-behaviour therapists often ask clients to

a. freely associate to words during the session

b. keep a detailed record of dreams over a week

c. keep a thought journal to record automatic thoughts for a week

d. engage in Buddhist meditation during the course of 6 weeks

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 24

24) Carl Rogers is known for the development of this type of therapy that stresses the importance of the therapist extending unconditional positive regard and acceptance to the client regardless of the client’s behaviour or personal characteristics.

a. client-centred therapy

b. existential therapy

c. integrative therapy

d. bibliotherapy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 25

25) When a psychotherapist “prescribes” a self-help book to a patient as an adjunct to in person therapy sessions, he or she is engaging in

a. client-centred therapy

b. self-help therapy

c. bibliotherapy

d. ideation therapy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 26

26) Smith and Glass analysed the results of several studies of the effectiveness of psychotherapy and concluded that those participants in psychotherapy outcome research who were actually given therapy did

a. worse than those in control groups who received drug treatment

b. better than those in control groups who received no treatment

c. better than those in drug groups who received placebo

d. worse than those in placebo groups given psychoanalysis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 27

27) The equality of success rates among therapies has been referred to as the

a. equity effect

b. dodo bird verdict

c. regression to the mean

d. common factors effect

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 28

28) Though it is not necessarily more effective than CBT, behaviour therapy is often said to be preferable for treating

a. depression

b. phobias

c. schizophrenia

d. Alzheimer’s disease

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 29

29) The positive emotions and affection between therapist and client and both parties’ joint commitment to accomplish the important work of healing are important for this common factor of therapeutic change.

a. therapeutic alliance

b. therapeutic allegiance

c. therapeutic competence

d. therapeutic modelling

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 30

30) The therapist’s intellectual commitment to the specific type of therapy he or she has chosen to practice is the basis for the common factor known as

a. therapeutic alliance

b. therapeutic allegiance

c. therapeutic competence

d. therapeutic modelling

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 31

31) The common factor of effectiveness known as therapist competence refers to the fact that

a. some therapists are more empathetic than others

b. some therapists produce more positive outcomes than others

c. some therapists use different techniques than others

d. some therapists have more training than others

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 32

32) The use of drugs and other substances like nutritional supplements to treat psychological disorders and distress is called

a. pharmacotherapy

b. psychiatry

c. psychoanalysis

d. biological therapy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 33

33) Benzodiazepines are the most common class of medications known as

a. anxiolytics

b. antipsychotics

c. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

d. mood stabilizers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 34

34) Benzodiazepines are the most common class of medications known as

a. anxiolytics

b. antipsychotics

c. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

d. mood stabilizers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 35

35) Anxiolytic medications such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates mainly affect the neurotransmitter

a. GABA

b. dopamine

c. norepinephrine

d. serotonin

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 36

36) Which of the following is NOT a class of antidepressant drugs?

a. MAO inhibitors

b. trycyclic antidepressants

c. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

d. mood stabilizers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 37

37) These antidepressants inhibit the brain’s reuptake of several neurotransmitters, primarily norepinephrine and serotonin, thus prolonging activity of these chemicals at synapses. a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

b. tricyclic antidepressants

c. MAO inhibitors

d. barbiturates

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 38

38) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) differ from tricyclic antidepressants because SSRIs

a. affect dopamine as well as serotonin and norepinephrine

b. affect only serotonin

c. affect GABA and serotonin

d. affect serotonin and norepinephrine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 39

39) These drugs combine selectivity for the neurotransmitter norepinephrine as well as for serotonin.

a. tricyclic antidepressants

b. selective serotonin and norepinephrine agonists

c. third-generation antidepressants

d. first-generation anxiolytics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 40

40) This label is given to lithium, anticonvulsants, and second-generation antipsychotics, when they are prescribed to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder.

a. third-generation antidepressants

b. antipsychotics

c. mood stabilizers

d. mania reducers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 41

41) This mood stabilizer is a naturally occurring salt, but can have a number of serious side effects—including seizures or coma if the blood levels of the drug become too high.

a. Lithium

b. Lamictal

c. Depakote

d. Abilify

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 42

42) First-generation antipsychotics restrict the availability of this neurotransmitter.

a. dopamine

b. serotonin

c. norepinephrine

d. acetylcholine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 43

43) In addition to feeling “drugged,” patients taking first-generation antipsychotics for a long period of time risked the development of this serious neurological condition.

a. Alzheimer’s disease

b. Parkinson’s disease

c. tardive dyskinesia

d. Huntington’s disease

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 44

44) In comparison to using first-generation antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia, second-generation antipsychotics

a. are more effective

b. have more risky side-effects

c. are able to treat negative symptoms of schizophrenia

d. are less expensive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 45

45) This is a common practice in publishing medical articles, in which some authors make little to no contribution to the actual writing of the article.

a. peer reviewing

b. ghost-writing

c. triaging

d. extortion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 46

46) The systematic exclusion of certain types of results from publication in favour of other types of results is called

a. ghost-writing

b. publication bias

c. experimenter bias

d. demand characteristics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 47

47) In this form of therapy, a patient is anesthetized, given muscle relaxants, and then a brief, low-voltage electric shock is passed through the brain

a. electroencephalography

b. electrocardiogram

c. electroconvulsive therapy

d. psychosurgery

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 48

48) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is controversial mainly because early versions of the therapy

a. were painful and caused physical and cognitive damage

b. were conducted with strong anaesthetics

c. were only given to willing patients

d. were not known as shock treatments

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 49

49) This biological treatment involves placing an electromagnetic coil on the scalp to send short electromagnetic pulses through the skull, gently stimulating the cerebral cortex.

a. electro magnetogram

b. magnetic encephalography

c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

d. functional magnetic resonance treatment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 6, Chapter 19, Question 50

50) Early psychosurgical techniques primarily involved lobotomy procedures, which consist of cutting connections to the

a. temporal lobe

b. prefrontal cortex

c. vagus nerve

d. hypothalamus

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 51

51) The goal of cognitive behaviour therapy is insight, or accurate self-knowledge of unconscious motivations

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 52

52) Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy are generally effective more quickly than other modern therapeutic approaches

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 53

53) This basic assumption underlies both systematic desensitization and flooding: Phobias are maintained by avoidance of the feared object or situation, and the solution is to compel the phobic person to face his or her fears directly

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 54

54) Cognitive therapy is the most effective of all psychotherapies for treating depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 55

55) The reason that a cognitive-behaviour therapist would ask a client to keep a thought journal is so that the therapist can help the client understand his or her daydream

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 56

56) First-generation antipsychotics work primarily by restricting the availability of the neurotransmitter dopamine, either by blocking dopamine receptors entirely or by inhibiting the neurotransmitter’s release

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 57

57) Increasing numbers of clinicians have realized that effective treatment must address the biological, psychological, and social lives of each individual

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 58

58) Barbiturates are mildly sedating and may reduce anxiety symptoms, at least in the short term, while not “knocking the person off his or her feet.”

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 59

59) The dodo bird verdict applies to SSRI drugs: No one of these drugs is more effective overall than any other

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 60

60) In publicly funded studies of antidepressants, less than 50 percent of patients experienced an end to their depression after pharmacotherapy with antidepressants

a. True

b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 61

61) _ refers to the psychoanalytic belief that patients in therapy may transfer their feelings about their spouse or parent onto the therapist.

a. Transference

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 62

62) While navigating the anxiety hierarchy, the client simultaneously engages in relaxation exercises, such as progressive muscle relaxation, in a technique known as _.

a. Systematic desensitization

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 63

63) In __, a person is rewarded with tangible, desirable goods, prizes, or privileges for engaging in desired behaviours and avoiding undesirable behaviours.

a. contingency management

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 64

64) Most of the techniques employed by cognitive-behaviour therapists are designed to help the client identify his or her __ so that they can be challenged and replaced.

a. automatic thoughts

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 65

65) An _ treatment is one that has utility in the real world of practicing psychotherapists treating distressed clients in hospitals and consulting rooms.

a. effective

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 66

66) Aside from psychosurgery, the most controversial biological treatment for psychological disorders is __.

a. electroconvulsive therapy

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 67

67) With a few exceptions, anxiolytic drugs currently in use generally belong to a single class of medications known as _.

a. benzodiazepines

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 68

68) ____ selectively block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, in contrast to the tricyclic drugs which act on several neurotransmitter systems at once.

a. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

b. SSRIs

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 69

69) First-generation antipsychotics work primarily by restricting the availability of the neurotransmitter _, either by blocking receptors entirely or by inhibiting the neurotransmitter’s release.

a. dopamine

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 19 - Question 70

70) ____ is a technique being developed for treatment of depression that consists of sending short electromagnetic pulses though the cerebral cortex by means of a coil placed on the scalp.

a. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

b. rTMS

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 19, Question 71

71) There are a variety of psychotherapies that can treat symptoms of depression and anxiety. Characterize two such therapeutic styles by identifying and describing how each style views psychopathology, and what techniques are employed to treat disorders

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 19, Question 72

72) The dodo-bird effect is a term used to describe the fact that most therapeutic approaches utilized by competent therapists are equally effective. Describe three reasons why this is the case

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 19, Question 73

73) Despite some problems, pharmacotherapy was a revolution in psychotherapy because it initially offered a mainstream medical solution to psychological problems. Describe how anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotic medications deliver their effects

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 19, Question 74

74) Pharmacotherapy has become controversial due in part to the investment that pharmaceutical companies have in effective treatments. Discuss some of the ethical problems that are involved in research on effectiveness of pharmacotherapy